Худди Пайғамбар (ﷺ) мўминлар орасида birodarlik qoidasini joriy etgani каби, у мусулмонлар билан Арабистондаги мусулмон бўлмаган қабилалар ўртасида дўстона муносабатлар ўрнатишга ҳам интилган. У исломгача бўлган барча адоватлар ва қабилалараро низоларни бартараф этишга қаратилган бир навъ шартнома тузди. У шартномада Ислом янги муҳитини ўрнатишга тўсқинлик қилиши ёки уни бузиши мумкин бўлган жоҳилий анъаналар кириб қолмаслиги учун ҳар бир соҳага жиддий эътибор қаратди. Бу ерда биз унинг баъзи бандларини кўриб чиқамиз.
Just as the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had established a code of brotherhood amongst the believers, so too he was keen on establishing friendly relations between the Muslims and non-Muslim tribes of Arabia. He established a sort of treaty aiming at ruling out all pre-Islamic rancour and inter-tribal feuds. He was so meticulous not to leave any area in the charter that would allow pre-Islamic traditions to sneak in or violate the new environment he wanted to establish. Herein, we look over some of its provisions.
Allohning nomi bilan, Eng Mehribon, Eng Rahmli Zot nomidan.
• In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Bu Muhammad, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ tomonidan Muhojirlar, Ansorlar va ularga ergashgan hamda ular bilan birga kurashgan kishilar haqidagi hujjatdir.
This is a document from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh, concerning Emigrants and Helpers and those who followed and strove with them.
1. Ular boshqa xalqlarni chetlab, yagona bir ummatdir.
1. They are one nation to the exclusion of other people.
2. Quraysh muhojirlari o'zaro birlashadilar va o'zaro qon puli (diyat) to'laydilar hamda o'z asirlarini munosib tarzda fidya evaziga ozod qiladilar. Ansorlarning har bir qabilasi, avvalgidek, birlashadi va ularning har bir guruhi o'z qarindoshi bo'lgan asirlarni ozod qilish uchun fidya to'laydi.
2. The Emigrants of Quraish unite together and shall pay blood money among themselves, and shall ransom honourably their prisoners. Every tribe of the Helpers unite together, as they were at first, and every section among them will pay a ransom for acquitting its relative prisoners.
3. Mo'minlar o'rtasida hech kimni qarzini to'lamay yoki qon puli (diya)ni naqd pulda bermay, muhtoj holda qoldirmasinlar.
3. Believers shall not leave anyone destitute among them by not paying his redemption money or blood money in kind.
4. Kimki isyonkor bo‘lsa yoki adovat va fitna tarqatishga intilsa, har bir taqvodor musulmonning qo‘li unga qarshi bo‘lsin, hatto u o‘z farzandi bo‘lsa ham.
4. Whoever is rebellious or whoever seeks to spread enmity and sedition, the hand of every God-fearing Muslim shall be against him, even if he be his son.
5. Mo'min kishi boshqa mo'min kishini o'ldirmasligi kerak va kofirni mo'minga qarshi qo'llab-quvvatlamasligi kerak.
5. A believer shall not kill another believer, nor shall support a disbeliever against a believer.
6. Allohning himoyasi birdek barcha mo‘minlarga, eng kamtarlariga ham teng ravishda yetadi. 7. Mo‘minlar bir-birlari bilan o‘zaro yordamlashadilar.
6. The protection of Allâh is one (and is equally) extended to the humblest of the believers. 7. The believers are supported by each other.
8. Yahudiylardan kim bizga ergashsa, unga yordam va himoya bo‘ladi; unga zarar yetkazilmaydi va unga qarshi hech bir dushman yordamlanmaydi.
8. Whosoever of the Jews follows us shall have aid and succour; they shall not be injured, nor any enemy be aided against them.
9. Mo'minlarning tinchligi bo'linmasdir. Mo'minlar Alloh yo'lida jang qilayotganda, alohida tinchlik tuzilmaydi. Shartlar barchaga adolatli va teng bo'lishi shart.
9. The peace of the believers is indivisible. No separate peace shall be made when believers are fighting in the way of Allâh. Conditions must be fair and equitable to all.
10. Ushbu hujjatda bayon etilganlarga amal qilib, Allohga va Qiyomat kuniga iymon keltirgan mo‘minga jinoyatchiga yordam berish yoki unga panoh berish halol emas. Unga panoh bergan va yordam ko‘rsatgan kishilarga Qiyomat kuni Allohning la'nati va g‘azabi bo‘ladi. Ularning fidyasi qabul qilinmaydi.
10. It shall not be lawful for a believer, who holds by what is in this document and believes in Allâh and the Day of Judgement, to help a criminal nor give him refuge. Those who give him refuge and render him help shall have the curse and anger of Allâh on the Day of Resurrection. Their indemnity is not accepted.
11. Biror masalada ixtilofga tushganingizda, uni Alloh va Muhammadga ﷺ qaytarish kerak.
11. Whenever you differ about a matter, it must be referred to Allâh and to Muhammad.
12. Atayin sabab bo'lmagan holda mo'minni ataylab o'ldirish qotilning o'ldirilishini talab qiladi, agar vali (qasos oluvchi) buni boshqacha xohlamasa.
12. Killing a believer deliberately with no good reason entails killing the killer unless the sponsor deems it otherwise.
Faqat o‘zining donishmandligi va mahoratи tufayli Payg‘ambar ﷺ yangi jamiyatning ustunlarini barpo etdi. Bu hodisa, shubhasiz, fazilatli musulmonlarning qalbiga o‘z izini qoldirdi. U ularni Islom ta’limi nuri ostida tarbiyalar, nafslarini poklar, ularni taqvodorlik va maqtovga sazovor xulqlarga da’vat etar edi hamda ularning qalbiga do‘stlik, izzat, sharaf, ibodat va eng avvalo Alloh va Uning Rasuliga itoat etish axloqini singdirishga intilar edi.
It was solely by his wisdom and dexterity, that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) erected the pillars of the new society. This phenomenon no doubt left its mark on the virtuous Muslims. He used to bring them up in the light of the Islamic education, he sanctified their selves, enjoined them to observe righteousness and praiseworthy manners and was keen on infusing into them the ethics of amity, glory, honour, worship and first and foremost obedience to Allâh and His Messenger.
Quyidagi, u o‘z izdoshlarining qalbida singdirishga intilgan fazilatlar to‘plamidir:
The following is a cluster of the virtues he used to inculcate in the minds of his followers:
Bir kishi Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ)dan Islomda qaysi fazilat afzalroq ekanini so'radi. U zot (ﷺ) shunday dedilar:
• A man asked the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) which of the merits is superior in Islam. He [the Prophet (Peace be upon him)] remarked:
"Tanish bo'lsin yoki tanish bo'lmasin, kimgadir taom berishingiz va salom berishingiz."
• “That you provide food and extend greetings to one whom you know or do not know.”.
Abdulloh ibn Salom dedi: Payg'ambar (alayhissalom) Madinaga kelganlarida, men ularni ko'rgani bordim va yuz tuzilishlaridan darhol ular hech qachon yolg'onchi bo'lmasliklarini angladim. Payg'ambar ﷺ birinchi bo'lib aytgan so'zlari quyidagilar edi:
‘Abdubin Salâm said: When the Prophet (Peace be upon him) arrived in Madinah, I went to see him and I immediately recognized through his features that he would never be a liar. The first things he (the Prophet [Peace be upon him)] said was:
“Orangizda salom-alikni keng yoying, muhtojlarga ovqat ulashing, qarindoshlik aloqalarini mustahkamlang, odamlar uxlab yotgan kechasi namoz o‘qing, shunda tinchlik bilan Jannatga kirasiz.”
• “Extend peace greetings amongst yourselves, provide food to the needy, maintain uterine relations, observe prayer at night while people are asleep, then you will peacefully enter the Garden (Paradise).”.
“Musulmon – o‘z tili va qo‘lidan boshqa musulmonlar xavfsiz bo‘lgan kishidir.” Va dedilar:
• “The Muslim is that one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe.” And said:
“Sizlardan hech biringiz o‘zi uchun istagan narsani birodari uchun istamaguncha iymon keltirgan bo‘lmaydi.” Va dedi:
• “None amongst you believes (truly) till one likes for his brother that which he loves for himself.” And said:
"Qo‘shnisi o‘zining zulmidan xavfsiz bo‘lmagan kishi jannatga kirmaydi." Va dedi:
• “He will not enter Paradise, he whose neighbour is not secure from his wrongful conduct.” And said:
• “Musulmon musulmonning birodaridir; u unga zulm qilmaydi va uni tark etmaydi. Kim mo'minning dunyoviy g'amlaridan birini ketkazsa, Alloh unga Qiyomat kunining g'amlaridan birini ketkazadi. Kim musulmonni himoya qilsa, Alloh uni Qiyomat kunida himoya qiladi.” Va u (ﷺ) aytdi:
• “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim; he neither oppresses him nor does he fail him. Whosoever removes a worldly grief from a believer, Allâh will remove from him one of the griefs of the Day of Judgement. Whosoever shields a Muslim, Allâh will shield him on the Day of Resurrection.” And said:
“Musulmonni haqorat qilish fosiqlikdir va uni o‘ldirish kufrdir.” Va (Payg‘ambar ﷺ) aytdilar:
• “Abusing a Muslim is an outrage and fighting against him is disbelief.” And said:
"Yo'ldan zararli narsani olib tashlash ham sadaqadir." Va dedi:
• “To remove something harmful from the road, is charity.” And said:
“Sadaqa gunohlarni xuddi suv olovni o‘chirgani kabi o‘chiradi.” Va (Payg‘ambar ﷺ) dedilar:
• “Charity erases sins just as water extinguishes fire.” And said:
«Kimki tuni to‘q holda o‘tkazib, qo‘shnisining ochligini bilsa, u mukammal mo‘min emas.» Va u shunday degan:
• “He is not a perfect believer, who goes to bed full and knows that his neighbour is hungry.” And said:
• «Yer yuzidagi insonlarga rahm qiling, shunda osmondagi Alloh ham sizga rahm qiladi.» Va yana aytdilar: «Agar xurmo donasining yarmi bilan bo'lsa ham, o'tga to'siq bo'ling (sadaqa berib), agar yaxshi so'z bilan bo'lmasa ham.» Va yana aytdilar:
• “Show mercy to people on earth so that Allâh will have mercy on you in heaven.” And said: •“Try to avert fire even by half a date (in charity) if not by tendering a good word.” And said:
“Kiyimsiz musulmonni kiyintirgan kishi Jannatdan bir libos olishga loyiq bo‘ladi; ochiqqan musulmonni ovqatlantirgan kishi (Allohning irodasi bilan) Jannat mevasidan bahramand bo‘lishga loyiq bo‘ladi va chanqagan musulmonga suv bergan kishiga Alloh «Muhr bilan muhrlangan sharob»dan ichirадi.”
•“Clothing an under-clad Muslim, entitles you to a garment from the Paradise; feeding a hungry Muslim will make you eligible (by Allâh’s Will) for the fruit of the Paradise, and if you provide water to a thirsty Muslim, Allâh will provide you with a drink from ‘the Sealed Nectar’.”.
U'shbu ham mo'minlarni sadaqa berishga da'vat qilar, ular dillari intiladigan tegishli fazilatlarni eslatib turardi. U shunday degan:
He used as well to exhort the believers to spend in charity reminding them of relevant virtues for which the hearts yearn. He said:
“Mo‘minlar o‘zaro muhabbatda xuddi bir tanadek: ko‘z og‘risa, butun tana og‘riydi; bosh og‘risa, butun tana azob chekadi.” Va dedi:
• “The believers in their mutual love, are like the human body where when the eye is in agony, the entire body feels the pain; when the head aches, all the body will suffer.” And said:
"Ikki musulmon o'rtasidagi birodarlik rishtalari uy qismlariga o'xshaydi: bir qism ikkinchisini mustahkamlaydi va ushlab turadi." Va dedilar:
• “The bonds of brotherhood between two Muslims are like parts of a house, one part strengthens and holds the other.” And said:
“Musulmonga nisbatan hasad saqlama; boshqa musulmonlarga hasad qilma; musulmonga qarshi chiqma va uni tark etma. Ey Allohning bandalari! Bir-biringiz bilan aka-uka kabi bo‘ling. Musulmon uchun o‘z birodarini uch kundan ortiq tashlab ketishi joiz emas.”
• “Do not have malice against a Muslim; do not be envious of other Muslims; do not go against a Muslim and forsake him. O the slaves of Allâh! Be like brothers with each other. It is not violable for a Muslim to desert his brother for over three days.”.