Ma'lumki, Makka arablar uchun markaz bo'lib, Ka'baning xizmatchilari shu yerda yashardi. Barcha arablar tomonidan sig'inilgan butlar va toshdan yasalgan haykallarni himoya qilish va ularga qarovchilik qilish Makkaliklar qo'lida edi. Shu sababli butparastlik maskani hisoblangan joyda islohot va to'g'ri yo'lga erishish maqsadi qiyin edi. Bunday muhitda ish olib borish, shubhasiz, qat'iy irodani va matonatni talab qilar edi, shuning uchun Islomga da'vat yashirin shaklda amalga oshirildi, toki Makkaliklar kutilmagan hujumdan g'azablanmasin.

It is well-known that Makkah was the centre for the Arabs, and housed the custodians of Al-Ka‘bah. Protection and guardianship of the idols and stone graven images that received veneration on the part of all the Arabs lay in the hands of the Makkans. Hence the difficulty of hitting the target of reform and rectitude in a place considered the den of idolatry. Working in such an atmosphere no doubt requires unshakable will and determination, that is why the call unto Islam assumed a clandestine form so that the Makkans should not be enraged by the unexpected surprise.

Payg'ambar (Allohning rahmati va salomi unga bo'lsin) o'z muqaddas da'vatini tabiiy ravishda avvalo uydan boshlagan, so'ngra unga eng yaqin bo'lgan kishilarga murojaat qilgan. Rabbi tomonidan kelgan haqiqatni tasdiqlaydi deb o'ylagan har bir kishini Islomga chaqirgan. Darhaqiqat, Payg'ambar ﷺ haqida hatto eng oz shubha ham bo'lmagan ko'plab kishilar darhol javob berib, rostgo'y dinni tayyor holda qabul qilishdi. Islom adabiyotida ular dastlabki musulmonlar sifatida tanilgan: Payg'ambarning zavjasi, mo'minlarning onasi Xadija birinchi bo'lib Islom dinini qabul qildi, unga ozod qilingan qul Zayd ibn Hoorisa, amakivachchasi, kichik yoshligidan beri u bilan birga yashab kelgan Ali ibn Abu Tolib ergashdi, so'ngra uning eng yaqin do'sti Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (haqiqatni tasdiqlovchi Abu Bakr) keldi. Ularning barchasi da'vatning birinchi kunidayoq Islomni qabul qilishdi. Abu Bakr Islomni qabul qilgan kundan boshlab faol va eng g'ayratli targ'ibotchi bo'lib chiqdi. U boy, xushmuomala, muloyim va rostgo'y odam edi. Odamlar uning uyiga tez-tez kelishar, bilimi, do'stligi, yoqimli suhbati va savdo-sotig'i uchun unga yaqinlashishardi. U ishonган har bir kishini Islomga chaqirdi va uning shaxsiy sa'y-harakatlari tufayli ko'plab odamlar Islomni qabul qildi, jumladan, Usmon ibn Affon al-Umaviy, Az-Zubayr ibn Avvom al-Asadiy, Abdurrahmon ibn Avf, Sa'd ibn Abu Vaqqos, Az-Zuhriy va Talha ibn Ubaydulloh at-Tamimiy. Ushbu sakkiz kishi Arabistonda yangi dinning old saflarini, aniqrog'i, peshqadamlarini tashkil etdi. Dastlabki musulmonlar orasida Bilol ibn Raboh (habashistonlik), Bani Horis ibn Fahrdan bo'lgan Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (Ummatning eng ishonchlisi), Abu Salama ibn Abdul-Asad, Maxzum qabilasidan bo'lgan al-Arqam ibn Abil-Arqam, Usmon ibn Maz'un va uning ikki ukasi Qudama va Abdulloh, Abdu Manofning avlodi al-Muttalib ibn Horis ibn Abdul-Muttalibning o'g'li Ubayda ibn al-Horis, Sa'id ibn Zayd al-Adaviy va uning xotini Fotima — al-Xattobning qizi (Umar ibn al-Xattobning singlisi), Xabbob ibn al-Aratt, Abdulloh ibn Mas'ud al-Hazaliy hamda boshqa ko'plab kishilar bor edi. Bular dastlabki musulmonlar edi. Ular Quraysh qabilasining turli tarmoqlaridan edi. Tarjimon Ibn Hishom ularning soni qirqdan ortiq ekanini sanab o'tgan.

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) naturally initiated his sacred mission right from home and then moved to the people closely associated with him. He called unto Islam whomsoever he thought would attest the truth which had come from his Lord. In fact, a host of people who nursed not the least seed of doubt as regards the Prophet (Peace be upon him), immediately responded and quite readily embraced the true faith. They are known in the Islamic literature as the early converts, Khadijah, the Prophet’s spouse, the mother of believers, was the first to enter the fold of Islam followed by his freed slave Zaid bin Harithah, his cousin, ‘Ali bin Abi Talib, who had been living with him since his early childhood, and next came his intimate friend Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (Abu Bakr the truth verifier). All of those professed Islam on the very first day of the call. Abu Bakr, and from the first day he embraced Islam, proved to be an energetic and most zealous activist. He was wealthy, obliging, mild and upright. People used to frequent his house and draw nigh to him for his knowledge, amity, pleasant company and business. He invited whomever he had confidence in to Islam and through his personal efforts a good number of people converted to Islam, such as ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan Al-Umawi, Az-Zubair bin ‘Awwam Al-Asadi, ‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf, Sa‘d bin Abi Waqqas, Az-Zuhri and Talhah bin ‘Ubaidullah At-Tamimy. Those eight men constituted the forerunners and more specifically the vanguard of the new faith in Arabia. Among the early Muslim were Bilal bin Rabah (the Abyssinian), Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah from Bani Harith bin Fahr (the most trustworthy of the Muslim Nation), Abu Salamah bin ‘Abd Al-Asad, Al-Arqam bin Abi Al-Arqam from the tribe of Makhzum, ‘Uthman bin Maz‘oun and his two brothers Qudama and ‘Abdullah, ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith bin Al-Muttalib bin ‘Abd Munaf, Sa‘id bin Zaid Al-‘Adawi and his wife Fatimah - daughter of Al-Khattab (the sister of ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab), Khabbab bin Al-Aratt, ‘Abdullâh bin Mas‘ud Al-Hadhali and many others. These were the Muslim predecessors. They belonged to various septs of Quraish. Ibn Hisham, a biographer, counted them to be more than forty.

Muqotil ibn Sulaymon dedi: “Salot (namoz) islom da’vatining dastlabki bosqichida farz ibodat sifatida belgilangan: tongda ikki rakat salot va xuddi shunday ikki rakat salot kechqurun.”

Muqatil bin Sulaiman said: “Salât (prayer) was established as an obligatory ritual at an early stage of the Islamic Call, a two rak‘ ah (unit of prayer) Salât in the morning and the same in the evening;.

“Va Rabbingizning hamdini, peshin-dan keyingi, ya’ni quyosh botguniga qadar bo‘lgan vaqtda (al-‘Ashiy) va tong-da, ya’ni quyosh chiqqanidan peshingacha bo‘lgan vaqtda (al-Ibkar) tasbeh ayting.” {40:55}

“And glorify the praises of your Lord in the ‘Ashi (i.e. the time period after the mid-noon till sunset) and in the Ibkar (i.e. the time period from early morning or sunrise till before mid-noon).” [40:55].

Ibn Hajar dedi: "Shubhasiz, Payg'ambar ﷺ Isro (Tungi sayohat) hodisasidan oldin namoz o'qigan, ammo besh vaqt namozning farzlari joriy etilishidan oldin namozning farz ibodat sifatida belgilanganmi yoki yo'qmi, bu masala hanuzgacha ixtilofli bo'lib qolmoqda. Rivoyat qilinishicha, farz namoz kuniga ikki marta — quyosh chiqishidan oldin tongda va quyosh botgandan keyin belgilangan. Rivoyat zanjiri orqali naql qilinadiki, Payg'ambar ﷺ birinchi vahiyni olganlarida, farishta Gabriel kelib, unga wudu (taharat) olishni o'rgatgan. Payg'ambar ﷺ tugatgach, bir hovuch suv olib, uning belidagi joyga sepgan."

Ibn Hijr said: “Definitely the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to pray before ‘The Night Journey’ but it still remains a matter of controversy whether or not the prayer was established as an obligatory ritual before imposing the rules of the usual five prayers a day. It is related that obligatory prayer was established twice a day, in the morning before sunrise and after sunset. It is reported through a chain of narrators that when the Prophet (Peace be upon him) received the first Revelation, Gabriel - the angel, proceeded and taught him how to observe Wudu (ablution). When the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had finished, he took a handful of water and sprinkled it on his loins.

Ibn Hishom rivoyat qilishicha, namoz vaqti kirganda Allohning Elchisi ﷺ va sahobalari yashirincha namoz o‘qish uchun tog‘ vodiysiga chiqib ketishar edi. Bir kuni Abu Tolib Allohning Elchisi ﷺ va Aliy namoz o‘qiyotganini ko‘rib, ular nima ish qilayotganlarini so‘radi. U bu farz namoz ekanini bilgach, ularga o‘z amallarida sobit turishni buyurdi.

Ibn Hisham reported that when it was time for prayers, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and his Companions went into a mountain valley to pray secretly. Abu Talib once saw the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and Ali praying, he asked them what they were up to. When he got to know that it was obligatory prayer, he told them to stay constant in their practice.

Bu bosqichda da'vat yashirin ravishda va yakka tartibda olib borilgan bo'lsa-da, uning xabari tarqalib ketdi va butun Makkada jamoat qiziqishiga sazovor bo'ldi. Dastlab Makka rahbarlari Muhammad ﷺ ga unchalik ahamiyat bermadi va uning ta'limotiga e'tibor qaratmadi. Avvaliga ular Muhammad ﷺ ni xuddi Umayya ibn Abu as-Salt, Quss ibn Sa'ida, 'Amr ibn Nufayl va ularning o'xshashlari kabi, ilohiyat va diniy majburiyatlar haqida falsafa bilan shug'ullanadigan oddiy diniy faylasuf deb o'ylashdi. Ammo bu befarqlik tez orada haqiqiy tashvishga aylandi. Quraysh mushriklari Muhammad ﷺ ning harakatlarini diqqat bilan va xavotir bilan kuzata boshladilar, chunki ular uning da'vatining tarqalishidan va hukm surayotgan fikrlash tarzida o'zgarish yuz berishidan qo'rqardilar.

This stage of the Call, even though conducted in a clandestine manner and on an individual basis, its news leaked out and assumed a public interest all over Makkah. In the beginning, the Makkan leaders did not care much about Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and took no heed of his teachings. At first, they thought that Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was merely a religious philosophist like Omaiyah bin Abi As-Salt, Quss bin Sa‘idah, ‘Amr bin Nufail and their ilk who used to philosophize on godship and religious obligations. But this attitude of indifference soon changed into real apprehension. The polytheists of Quraish began to watch Muhammad’s movements closely and anxiously for fear of spreading his Call and producing a change in the prevalent mentality.

Uch yillik yashirin faoliyat davomida imonlilar guruhi birodarlik va hamkorlik ruhi bilan shakllandi, ularning ongida aniq bir maqsad bor edi: Islomga da'vatni targ'ib qilish va uni chuqur o'rnatish. To'liq uch yil davomida Muhammad ﷺ o'zini ancha tor doira ichida ta'limot berish bilan cheklab keldi. Biroq endi Rabbning dinini ochiq va'z qilish vaqti kelgan edi. Farishta Jabroil unga Allohning irodasidan yana bir vahiyni olib keldi, bu vahiy uning qavmiga qarshi chiqish, ularning yolg'onini rad etish va butparastlik amallarini yanchib tashlash uchun edi.

For three underground years of activism, a group of believers emerged stamped by a spirit of fraternity and cooperation with one definite objective in their mind: propagating and deeply establishing the call unto Islam. For full three years Muhammad (Peace be upon him) had been content to teach within a rather narrow circle. The time had, however, come to preach the faith of the Lord openly. The angel Gabriel had brought him down a further Revelation of Allâh’s Will to confront his people, invalidate their falsehood and crush down their idolatrous practices.