Hudaybiya sulhi Islom ahli va musulmonlarning hayotida va islomiy faoliyat jarayonida yangi bosqichni belgiladi. Islomning shiddatli dushmani bo‘lgan Quraysh endi urush maydonidan chekinib, musulmonlar bilan tinch kelishuvga kelди, shu tariqa uch tomonlama dushmanning (Quraysh, G‘atafon va yahudiylar) uchinchi tayanchi sindi. Arabistonda butparastlik bayrog‘ini ko‘targan Quraysh bo‘lgani uchun boshqa butparastlarning Islomga nisbatan tajovuzkor kayfiyati ancha pasaydi. G‘atafon qabilasi endi sezilarli tahdid solmas edi, ularning provokatsion harakatlari asosan yahudiylar tomonidan qo‘zg‘atilgan ishlar edi. Yahudiylar Madinadan haydalgach, Xaybarni Payg‘ambar ﷺ ga qarshi fitna o‘chog‘iga aylantirishga kirishdilar. U yerda ular o‘z fitnalarini pishirar, nifoq olovini yoqar va Madina atrofida yashovchi arablarni o‘zlariga qo‘shilishga undar edilar, maqsad yangi islomiy davlatni yo‘q qilish yoki kamida musulmonlarga og‘ir talofat yetkazish edi. Payg‘ambar ﷺ ularning shaytoniy rejalaridan xabardor bo‘lib, yuqorida zikr etilgan shartnoma tasdiqlangandan ko‘p o‘tmay, ular bilan hal qiluvchi urushni o‘z rejasining birinchi vazifasi qilib qo‘ydilar. Hudaybiya sulhi musulmonlarga islomiy faoliyatlarini kuchaytirish va da’vatni targ‘ib qilishdagi tinimsiz sa’y-harakatlarini ikki barobar oshirish imkonini berdi va natijada bunday faoliyatga harbiy harakatlardan ustunlik berildi. Shu sababli, sulhdan keyingi bu bosqichni ikki qismga bo‘lish zarur deb hisoblaymiz:

Al-Hudaibiyah Truce marked a new phase in the process of Islamic action and life of the Muslims. Quraish, a bitter enemy of Islam, now withdraws from the war arena and embraces a peaceful settlement with the Muslims, thus the third support of a tripartite enemy (Quraish, Ghatfan and the Jews) is broken, and being the holder of the banner of paganism in Arabia, the other pagans’ aggressive feelings towards Islam considerably subsided. Ghatfan Tribe no longer constituted any remarkable threat, and their provocative deeds were mainly Jewish-instigated actions. The Jews, after being banished from Madinah, resorted to Khaibar to change it into a hot bed of intrigues against the Prophet (Peace be upon him). There, they used to hatch their plots, ignite the fire of dissension and allure the Arabs living in the vicinity of Madinah to join them with the aim of exterminating the new Islamic state, or at least inflict heavy losses on the Muslims. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), not heedless of their devilish schemes, placed a decisive war with them as a first priority on his agenda shortly after the endorsement of the above-mentioned treaty. The treaty of Hudaibiyah allowed the Muslims to intensify their Islamic career and double up their ceaseless efforts in propagating their Da‘wah, and consequently give this sort of action preponderance over the military activities. Hence, we deem it imperative to divide this post-treaty stage into two sections:

1. Islom Da‘vati (chaqiriq)ni tinchlik yo‘li bilan tinmay targ‘ib qilish va qo‘shni siyosiy davlatlarning podshohlari va shahzodalari bilan yozishmalar yo‘lga qo‘yish.

1. Ceaseless peaceful efforts in propagating the Islamic Da‘wah (Call) and initiating a sort of correspondence with kings and princes of the neighbouring political entities.

2. Harbiy faoliyat.

2. Military activities.

Oltinchi hijriy yilning oxirida, Hudaybiyadan qaytgach, Payg'ambar ﷺ Arabiston tashqarisidagi podshohlarga Islomga da'vat xatlarini yuborishga qaror qildi. Elchilarining vakolatini tasdiqlash maqsadida kumushdan muhr yasatildi, unga quyidagi shaklda: “Muhammad Allohning Elchisi” so'zlari o'yib yozildi.

Late in the six year A.H., on his return from Hudaibiyah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) decided to send messages to the kings beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the credentials of his envoys, a silver seal was made in which were graven the words: “Muhammad the Messenger of Allâh” in the following formation:

محمد.

محمد.

رســول.

رســول.

االله.

االله.

Elchilar tajribasi va bilimiga qarab tanlandi va Hijriy 7-yil Muharram oyida, Xaybarga yo'l olishdan bir necha kun oldin o'z topshiriqlariga jo'natildi.

Envoys were chosen on the basis of their experience and knowledge, and sent on their errands in Muharram in the year 7 A.H., a few days before heading for Khaibar.

Habashiston (Efiopiya) podshohi Negus, uning ismi Ashama ibn al-Abjar edi, Payg'ambarning xabarini qabul qildi. Bu xabarni Amr ibn Umayya ad-Damariy olib borgan edi, bu haqda at-Tabariy ham hijriy oltinchi yil oxirida yoki yettinchi yil boshida eslagan. Xat matnini chuqur o'rganish shuni ko'rsatadiki, u Hudaybiya voqeasidan keyin yuborilgan xat emas edi. Xatning mazmuni shuni bildiradiki, u Ja'far va uning sahobalari Makka davrida Habashistonga (Efiopiyaga) hijrat qilganlarida o'sha podshohga yuborilgan. Xatning jumlalaridan biri shunday edi: "Men amakivachchamni, Ja'farni, bir guruh musulmonlar bilan birga sizning huzuringizga yubordim. Ularga mehribon bo'ling va takabburlikni tark eting."

Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), his name was Ashama bin Al-Abjar, received the Prophet’s message, despatched by Amr bin Omaiyah Ad-Damari, which At-Tabari referred to, either late in the sixth year or early in the seventh year A.H. Deep scrutiny into the letter shows that it was not the one sent after Al-Hudaibiyah event. Wording of the letter rather indicates that it was sent to that king when Ja‘far and his companions emigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) during the Makkan period. One of its sentences read “I have despatched my cousin, Ja‘far with a group of Muslims, to you. Do be generous towards them and give up haughtiness.”.

Al-Bayhaqiy, Ibn Ishoq orqali rivoyat qilib, Payg'ambarimiz ﷺ ning Negusga yuborgan maktublari matnini quyidagicha keltirgan:

Al-Baihaqi, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, gave the following narration of the Prophet’s letter sent to Negus:

Ushbu maktub Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ tomonidan Habashiston (Efiopiya) podshohi Negus Al-Ashamaga yuborilgan. To'g'ri hidoyatga ergashgan va Alloh hamda Uning Elchisiga iymon keltirganlarga tinchlik bo'lsin. Men guvohlik beraman, Allohdan boshqa iloh yo'q, U yagona bo'lib, sherigi yo'q, na xotin olgan, na o'g'il ko'rgan, va Muhammad ﷺ Uning bandasi va Elchisidir. Sizni Islom jamoatiga da'vat qilaman; agar Islomni qabul qilsangiz, najot topasiz.

“This letter is sent from Muhammad, the Prophet to Negus Al-Ashama, the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Peace be upon him who follows true guidance and believes in Allâh and His Messenger. I bear witness that there is no god but Allâh Alone with no associate, He has taken neither a wife nor a son, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I call you unto the fold of Islam; if you embrace Islam, you will find safety.

“Ayt: [Ey Muhammad ﷺ]: “Ey Kitob ahli (yahudiylar va nasroniylar), biz bilan sizlar o‘rtasida teng bo‘lgan bir so‘zga keling: Allohdan boshqasiga ibodat qilmaylik, Unga hech narsani sherik qilmaylik va bizlarning ba’zilarimiz ba’zilarimizni Alloh o‘rniga rab qilib olmaylik.” Agar ular yuz o‘girsalar, deng: “Guvoh bo‘linglar, biz musulmonmiz.” [] Agar siz bu taklifni rad etsangiz, u holda qavmingizdagi nasroniylarning barcha yomonliklari uchun javobgar bo‘lasiz.”

Payg'ambar ﷺ Misr va Iskandariya noibi Juraij ibn Matta, laqabi Muqavqasga yozdilar:

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) wrote to Juraij bin Matta, called Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt and Alexandria saying:

Alloh nomi bilan, Mehribon, Rahmli Zot nomi bilan.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Muhammad, Allohning bandasi va Uning Elchisidan Misrning noibi Muqavqasga. Hidoyatga ergashgan kishiga salom bo‘lsin. Bundan keyin, sizni Islomni qabul qilishga da’vat etaman. Shuning uchun, agar xavfsizlikni xohlasangiz, Islomni qabul qiling. Agar Islomni qabul qilsangiz, Alloh, Ulug‘ va Oliy, sizga ikki barobar ajr beradi. Ammo agar buni rad etsangiz, barcha Qibtiylarning gunohini ham o‘z zimmangizga olasiz. • “Ayting [ey Muhammad ﷺ]: ‘Ey Kitob ahli (yahudiylar va nasroniylar), sizlar bilan bizlar o‘rtasida teng bo‘lgan so‘zga keling: Allohdan boshqasiga ibodat qilmaymiz, Unga hech narsani sherik qilmaymiz va bizlardan bir-birimizni Alloh o‘rnida rab qilib olmaymiz.’ Agar ular yuz o‘girsalar, ayting: ‘Guvoh bo‘linglar, biz musulmonlarmiz.’ ” [3:64].

From Muhammad slave of Allâh and His Messenger to Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Thereafter, I invite you to accept Islam. Therefore, if you want security, accept Islam. If you accept Islam, Allâh, the Sublime, shall reward you doubly. But if you refuse to do so, you will bear the burden of the transgression of all the Copts. • “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64].

Hotib ibn Abu Balta‘a, risolani yetkazish uchun tanlangan, xatning mazmunini bayon etishdan oldin Muqavqasdan huzur so‘radi. U Misr hokimiga shunday dedi: “Sizdan oldin Rabbiy maqomini o‘ziga da’vo qilgan bir kishi bo‘lgan. Alloh uni ham oxiratda, ham bu dunyoda ibratli jazoga duchor qildi. Shuning uchun ibrat oling va boshqalarga yomon namuna bermang.” Muqavqas javob berdi: “Biz dinimizni yaxshiroq bir din evaziga bo‘lmasa, tark etishga haqli emasmiz.” Hotib so‘zini davom ettirdi: “Biz sizni Islomni qabul qilishga da’vat etamiz. Islom sizning yo‘qotishingiz mumkin bo‘lgan hamma narsaning o‘rnini bosadi. Bizning Payg‘ambarimiz bu dinga da’vat qildi. Quraysh va yahudiylar unga dushman bo‘lib qarshi turdilar, nasroniylar esa uning da’vatiga eng yaqin turdilar. Jonim bilan qasam ichamanki, Muso alayhissalomning Iso haqidagi xabari bilan Masihning Muhammad kelishi haqidagi xushxabari bir-biriga o‘xshaydi. Xuddi shunday, sizni Islomni qabul qilishga chaqirishimiz, Tavrot ahliga Injilni qabul qilishga chaqirganingizga o‘xshaydi. Qaysi xalqda Payg‘ambar paydo bo‘lsa, unga ijobiy javob berish lozim bo‘ladi, shuning uchun siz ham bir xil ilohiy qonunga bo‘ysunasiz. Shuni yodda tutingki, biz sizni Iso dinidan qaytarish uchun emas, balki uning qoidalariga amal qilishga chaqirish uchun keldik.” Muqavqas xatning mazmuni ustida chuqur o‘yladi va dedi: “Men shunga ishondimki, bu Payg‘ambar hech qanday yomonlikka da’vat qilmaydi; u adashgan sehrgar ham yolg‘on folbin ham emas. U Payg‘ambarlikning haqiqiy va ravshan belgilarini o‘zida jamlagan, shuning uchun bu ishni chuqur o‘ylab ko‘raman.” U pergamentni olib, uni fil suyagidan yasalgan shkatulkada saqlashni buyurdi. U arab tilida quyidagi javobni yozish uchun kotibni chaqirtirdi.

Ar-Rahmon, ar-Rahim Alloh nomi bilan. Allohning Elchisi Muhammaddan Fors shohi Xusravga.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful, From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh to Chosroes, king of Persia.

Haqiqiy hidoyatga ergashgan, Allohga va Uning Elchisiga iymon keltirgan hamda Allohdan boshqa iloh yo'qligiga, Uning sherigi yo'qligiga va Muhammad Uning bandasi va Elchisi ekanligiga guvohlik bergan kishiga tinchlik bo'lsin. Men sizni Allohning dinini qabul qilishga chaqiraman. Men Allohning Elchisiman, barcha odamlarga yuborilganman, toki har bir tirik jonga Allohdan qo'rqish solay va haqni inkor etganlarga hujjat isbotlansin. Islomni dinингiz sifatida qabul qiling, shunda xavfsizlikda yashaysiz; aks holda, majusiylarning barcha gunohlari uchun siz javobgar bo'lasiz.

Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in Allâh and His Messenger and testifies that there is no god but Allâh Alone with no associate, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I invite you to accept the religion of Allâh. I am the Messenger of Allâh sent to all people in order that I may infuse fear of Allâh in every living person, and that the charge may be proved against those who reject the Truth. Accept Islam as your religion so that you may live in security, otherwise, you will be responsible for all the sins of the Magians.”.

ʿAbdulloh ibn Ḥudhafa as-Sahmiy xatni olib borish uchun tanlandi. Bu elchi uni Bahrayn podshohiga olib bordi, lekin podshoh uni Xosrovga o‘z odamlaridan biri orqali jo‘natdimi yoki ʿAbdullohning o‘zini tanlaganmi, buni hozircha bilmaymiz.

‘Abdullah bin Hudhafa As-Sahmi was chosen to carry the letter. This envoy carried it to the king of Bahrain but we do not know as yet if the latter despatched to Chosroes by one of his men or chose ‘Abdullah himself.

Mag'rur hukmdor xatning uslubidan g'azablandi, chunki Payg'ambar ﷺ ning nomi uning o'z nomidan yuqorida yozilgan edi. U xatni parchalab tashladi va darhol Yamandagi noibiga buyruq yozdirdi: Payg'ambarni qo'lga olib, huzuriga olib kelish uchun bir necha askarni yuborsin. Yamanda hokim bo'lgan Bazan bu maqsadda zudlik bilan ikki kishini Madinaga jo'natdi. Ular Madinaga yetib kelishganda, Payg'ambar ﷺ ga Ilohiy vahiy orqali xabar berildiki, Eron shohi Parvizni o'g'li o'ldirgan. Payg'ambar ﷺ bu xabarni ularga aytdi, ular esa hayratga tushdilar. U yana qo'shib, ularga yangi hukmdorga aytishlarini buyurdi: Islom hamma yerda g'alaba qozonadi va hatto Kisro hukmronligidan ham oshib ketadi. Ular shoshilib Bazanning huzuriga qaytdilar va eshitganlarini unga aytib berdilar. Shu orada yangi hukmdor Sherveh Bazanga xat yuborib, xabarning to'g'riligini tasdiqladi va Payg'ambar ﷺ ga nisbatan har qanday harakatni to'xtatishni, to'g'risida keyingi xabar berilgunicha, buyurdi. Bazan Yamandagi forslar bilan birga Islom dinini qabul qildi va Payg'ambarga ﷺ bo'ysunishini xursand bo'lib bildirdi.

Al-Buxoriy Bayzantiya podshohi Heraklga Payg'ambar ﷺ yuborgan maktubning mazmunini uzun rivoyat qilgan:

Al-Bukhari gave a long narration of the contents of the letter sent by the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to Hercules, king of the Byzantines:

Alloh nomi bilan, Mehribon, Rahmli Zot nomi bilan.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Allohning quli va Uning Elchisi Muhammaddan Vizantiya podshohi Hirqlga. Hidoyatga ergashganlarga salom bo‘lsin. Men sizni Islomni qabul qilishga chaqiraman, shunda siz xavfsizlikda yashaysiz. Agar Islom jamoasiga kirsangiz, Alloh sizga ikki baravar mukofot beradi; ammo agar undan yuz o‘girsangiz, butun xalqingizning gunohlari yelkangizga tushadi.

From Muhammad, the slave of Allâh and His Messenger to Hercules, king of the Byzantines. Blessed are those who follow true guidance. I invite you to embrace Islam so that you may live in security. If you come within the fold of Islam, Allâh will give you double reward, but in case you turn your back upon it, then the burden of the sins of all your people shall fall on your shoulders.

• “[Ey Muhammad ﷺ]: ‘Ey Kitob ahli (yahudiylar va nasroniylar), bizlar bilan sizlar o‘rtasida teng bo‘lgan so‘zga keling: Allohdan boshqasiga ibodat qilmaymiz, Unga hech narsani shерik qilmaymiz va bizlardan ba’zilarimiz Allohdan o‘zga ba’zilarimizni rab qilib olmaymiz’. Agar ular yuz o‘girsalar, ayting: ‘Guvoh bo‘ling, biz musulmonmiz’.” [3:64].

• “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64].

Musulmon elchisi Dihya ibn Xalifa al-Kalbiy harfni Busro hokimiga topshirishga buyurildi, u esa uni o‘z navbatida Qaysarga yuborishi kerak edi.

The Muslim envoy, Dihyah bin Khalifah Al-Kalbi, was ordered to hand the letter over to king of Busra, who would in turn, send it to Caesar.

Aytilganidek, o'sha paytda hali Islomni qabul qilmagan Abu Sufyon ibn Harb saroyga chaqirildi va Hirqal u bilan Muhammad ﷺ va u targ'ib qilayotgan din haqida ko'p savollar berdi. Payg'ambarning ashaddiy dushmani bo'lgan bu odamning Payg'ambar ﷺ ning yuksak xulq-odobi va Islomning insoniyatga keltirayotgan foydasi haqidagi guvohligi Hirqalni hayratga soldi.

Payg'ambar ﷺ 'Alo' ibn al-Hadramiyni Bahrayn hokimiga Islomni qabul qilishga da'vat etuvchi xat bilan yubordilar. Javoban al-Mundhir ibn Sovo quyidagi xatni yozdi:

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) despatched ‘Al-‘Ala’ bin Al-Hadrami to the governor of Bahrain, carrying a letter inviting him to embrace Islam. In reply, Al-Mundhir bin Sawa wrote the following letter:

“Allohning Elchisi ﷺ! Sizning farmoyishlaringizni oldim. Bundan oldin, Bahrayn xalqiga Islomga da’vat qilib yozgan maktubingizni ham o‘qidim. Ulardan ba’zilariga Islom ma’qul keldi va ular Islom jamoasiga kirdilar, boshqalariga esa u yoqmadi. Mening yurtimda majusiylar va yahudiylar yashaydi, shuning uchun ular bilan qanday muomala qilish kerakligini menga bildirishingizni so‘rayman.”

“Allâh’s Messenger (Peace be upon him)! I received your injunctions. Prior to this, I read your letter, which you wrote to the people of Bahrain extending to them an invitation to Islam. Islam appealed to some of them and they entered the fold of Islam, while others did not find it appealing. In my country, there live Magians and Jews, and therefore you may inform me of the treatment to be extended to them.”.

Payg'ambar ﷺ o'ziga yuborilgan xatga javoban quyidagi maktubni yozdilar:

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) wrote the following letter in reply to his:

Alloh nomi bilan, Mehribon, Rahmli Zot nomi bilan.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Allohning Elchisi Muhammaddan Mundhir bin Savaga. Sizga salom bo‘lsin! Men sherigi yo‘q Allohga hamd aytaman va Muhammadning Uning bandasi va Elchisi ekaniga guvohlik beraman.

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Mundhir bin Sawa. Peace be on you! I praise Allâh with no associate, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.

Bundan keyin, sizlarni Allohni — qudratli va ulug' Zotni — eslatib turaman. Kim nasihatni qabul qilsa, o'z foydasi uchun qiladi. Kim mening elchilarimga ergashib, ularning hidoyatiga muvofiq amal qilsa, u haqiqatda mening nasihatimni qabul qilgan bo'ladi.

Thereafter, I remind you of Allâh, the Mighty, the Glorious. Whoever accepts admonition, does it for his own good. Whoever follows my messengers and acts in accordance with their guidance, he, in fact, accepts my advice.

"Mening elchilarim sizning xulq-atvoringizni juda yuqori baholashdi. Siz hozirgi lavozimingizda davom etasiz. Yangi musulmonlarga o'z dinlarini targ'ib qilish uchun to'liq imkoniyat bering. Bahrayn xalqi haqidagi tavsiyangizni qabul qilaman va jinoyatchilarning gunohlarini kechiraman; shuning uchun siz ham ularni kechirishingiz mumkin. Bahrayn xalqidan yahudiylik yoki majusiylik diniда qolishni xohlagan kishilar jizya (boshiga solinadigan soliq) to'lashga majbur qilinsin."

Alloh nomi bilan, Mehribon, Rahmli Zot nomi bilan.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Allohning Elchisi Muhammaddan Haudha bin Aliga:

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Haudha bin ‘Ali:

"Tinchlik unga bo‘lsin, kim to‘g‘ri hidoyatga ergashsa. Shuni bilingki, mening dinim hamma joyda g‘alaba qozonadi. Siz Islomni qabul qilishingiz kerak, va sizning qo‘l ostingizdagi narsalar sizniki bo‘lib qoladi." Yuborilgan elchi Sulayt ibn ‘Amr al-‘Omiriy edi, u xabarni yetkazgach, Payg‘ambar ﷺ ga quyidagi javobni olib qaytdi.

Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Be informed that my religion shall prevail everywhere. You should accept Islam, and whatever under your command shall remain yours.” The envoy chosen was Sulait bin ‘Amr Al-‘Amiri, who after communicating his message, carried back the following reply to the Prophet (Peace be upon him):

“Siz meni chaqirayotgan iymon juda yaxshi. Men mashhur notiq va shoirman, arablar meni yuqori hurmat qiladilar va ular orasida qadrim bor. Agar meni o‘z hukumatingizga kiritsangiz, men sizga ergashishga tayyorman.”

“The Faith, to which you invite me, is very good. I am a famous orator and poet, the Arabs highly respect me and I am of account among them. If you include me in your government, I am prepared to follow you.”.

Hokim keyin Sulaytga mukofot in'om qildi va unga Hajr matosidan tikilgan kiyimlar sovg'a qildi. Albatta, u barcha sovg'alarni Payg'ambar ﷺning amanatiga topshirdi.

The governor then bestowed a reward on Sulait and presented him with clothes made of Hajr fabric. Of course, he put all those presents in the trust of the Prophet (Peace be upon him):

Payg'ambar (ﷺ) Havzaning talabini qabul qilmadi. U odatda bunday buyruqbozona ohangni rad etar va butun masalaning Allohning qo'lida ekanini, U o'z yerini istagan kishisiga bergani haqida aytardi. Keyinchalik Jabroil alayhis-salom Havza vafot etgani haqidagi Vahiy bilan keldi. Payg'ambar (ﷺ) bu xabarga izoh berar ekan, dedi: "Yamomada yolg'onchi chiqadi, u o'zini payg'ambar deb da'vo qiladi, lekin keyinroq o'ldiriladi." Uning qotilini so'rashganda, Payg'ambar (ﷺ) dedi: "U sizlardan biri, ey Islom ummati."

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) did not accept Haudha’s demand. He usually turned down such peremptory tone, and would say that the whole matter was in the Hand of Allâh, Who gave His land to whoever He desired. Gabriel later came with the Revelation that Haudha had died. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), in the context of his comment on this news, said: “Yamama is bound to give rise to a liar who will arrogate Prophethood to himself but he will subsequently be killed.” In reply to a question relating to the identity of the killer, the Prophet said “It is one of you, followers of Islam.”

Alloh nomi bilan, Mehribon, Rahmli Zot nomi bilan.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Allohning Elchisi Muhammaddan Al-Horis ibn Abu Shamirga. To'g'ri hidoyatga ergashgan, unga ishongan va uni haqiqat deb bilgan kishiga salom bo'lsin. Men sizni Allohga, Yagona bo'lgan va hech kimni sherik qilmaydigan Zotga ishonishga da'vat etaman, shunda sizning podshohligingiz sizniki bo'lib qoladi.

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Al-Harith bin Abi Shamir. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in it and regards it as true. I invite you to believe in Allâh Alone with no associate, thenceafter your kingdom will remain yours.”.

Shuja‘ bin Vahab xatni Horisga olib borish sharafiga muyassar bo‘ldi. Horis xat uning huzurida o‘qilganini eshitib, g‘azabdan aqli shoshib qoldi va dedi: “Kim mening mamlakatimni menden tortib olishga jur’at etadi? Men unga (Payg‘ambarga ﷺ) qarshi urushaman”, hamda kibr bilan Payg‘ambarning ﷺ Islom dinining ogʻushiga kirish taklifini rad etdi.

Shuja‘ bin Wahab had the honour of taking the letter to Harith, who upon hearing the letter read in his audience, was madly infuriated and uttered: “Who dares to disposs me of my country, I’ll fight him (the Prophet),” and arrogantly rejected the Prophet’s invitation to the fold of Islam.

Alloh nomi bilan, Mehribon, Rahmli Zot nomi bilan.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Muhammad ibn ʻAbdulloh tomonidan Jaifer va ʻAbd al-Jalandiyga. Haqiqiy hidoyatga ergashgan kishiga salom bo‘lsin. Shundan so‘ng, sizlarni ikkalangizni Islom da’vatiga chaqiraman. Islomni qabul qilinglar. Alloh meni barcha bandalariga Payg‘ambar qilib yubordi, toki itoatsiz bandalarining qalbiga Allohdan qo‘rquvni solay va Allohni inkor etganlarga hech qanday uzr qolmasin. Agar ikkalangiz Islomni qabul qilsangiz, o‘z mamlakatingizda hokimligingizni saqlab qolasiz. Ammo agar mening da’vatimni rad etsangiz, shuni yodda tutingki, barcha mol-mulkingiz fanodir. Mening otliqlarim yurtingizni egallaydi va mening payg‘ambarligim sizning podshohligingiz ustidan ustunlik qiladi. Xatni olib borish uchun tanlangan ʻAmr ibn al-ʻOs, Jaifer huzuriga kirishidan oldin yuz bergan voqeani quyidagicha hikoya qilgan.

From Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah to Jaifer and ‘Abd Al-Jalandi. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allâh has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in order that I may instil fear of Allâh in the hearts of His disobedient creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who deny Allâh. If you two accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but if you refuse my Call, you’ve got to remember that all your possessions are perishable. My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will assume preponderance over your kingship.” ‘Amr bin Al-’As, who was chosen to carry the letter, narrated the following story that happened before he was admitted into the audience of Jaifer.

“’Oman shahriga yetib borganimda, akasidan ko‘ra yumshoqroq tabiatli bo‘lgani ma’lum bo‘lgan ‘Abd bilan bog‘lanib: men Allohning Payg‘ambari ﷺ tomonidan ikkangizning ham oldingizga yuborilgan elchiman, dedim. ‘Abd: Akam bilan uchrashishing kerak va o‘zing olib kelgan xatni unga o‘qib berishing lozim. U yoshi va podshohligi jihatidan mendan kattadir. Aytchi, sening elchilik maqsading nima? ‘Amr: Payg‘ambar ﷺ sizlarni yagona, sherigi yo‘q Allohga iymon keltirishga, boshqa barcha ilohlarni inkor etishga hamda Muhammad ﷺ ning Allohning bandasi va Rasuli ekanligini tasdiqlashga da’vat etmoqda. ‘Abd: Ey ‘Amr! Sen olijanob oiladan kelgansan, lekin avvalo menga ayt-chi, otang bu dinga qanday munosabatda bo‘lgan edi? Bilasanmi, biz uning izidan borardik. ‘Amr: Ajal uni Muhammad ﷺ ning da’vatiga iymon keltirishdan oldin olib ketdi. Endi shuni istardimki, u vafot etishidan oldin Islomni qabul qilib, unga sodiq bo‘lganida edi. Men ham to Alloh meni Islomga hidoyat qilguniga qadar o‘sha holatda edim.

“When I arrived in ‘Oman I contacted ‘Abd, who was known to be more mild-tempered than his brother: l ‘Amr: I am the messenger of Allâh’s Prophet coming to see both, you and your brother. ‘Abd: You have to see my brother and read to him the letter you are carrying. He is my senior in both age and kingship. Incidentally, what is the purport of your mission? ‘Amr: The Prophet calls upon you to believe in Allâh Alone with no associate, discard any other deities and testify to the slavehood and Messengership of Muhammad. ‘Abd: O ‘Amr! You come from a noble family, but first of all, tell me what was your father’s attitude concerning this Faith? You know, we used to follow his steps. ‘Amr: Death overtook him before believing in Muhammad’s mission; I wish now he had embraced Islam and been truthful to it before his death. I myself had adopted the same attitude until Allâh guided me towards Islam.

Aslida bu jang emas, balki Bani Fazarah qabilasining bir otryadiga qarshi amalga oshirilgan to‘qnashuv edi. Uning bo‘lib o‘tgan joyi Zu Qarad deb ataladi — Madinadan bir kunlik yo‘l masofasida joylashgan suv havzasi. Ko‘pchilik olimlarning fikricha, bu voqea Xaybar jangidan uch kun oldin sodir bo‘lgan. Ushbu jangning qahramoni Salamah ibn al-Akva‘ rivoyat qilishicha, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ o‘zlarining yollanma cho‘poni Rabohni tuyalari bilan yaqin atrofdagi o‘tloqqa jo‘natgan. Men esa Talhaning otini olib, xuddi shu maqsadda u yerga bordim. Tong otganda, ‘Abdurrahmon al-Fazariy hujum qilib, barcha tuyalarni haydab ketdi va ularni boqayotgan odamni o‘ldirdi. Men Rabohga otga minib, Talhaga yetkazishni va Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ga mushriklar uning tuyalarini olib ketganini xabar qilishni buyurdim. So‘ng men bir tepalikka chiqib, yuzimni Madina tomonga qaratgan holda uch marta baland ovozda: “Yordamga keling!” deb qichqirdim. Shundan so‘ng men bosqinchilarni quvib, ularga o‘q otdim va (o‘zini maqtovchi) she’r o‘qidim:

It was in fact not a battle but rather a skirmish carried out against a platoon of Bani Fazarah. The place by which it was fought is known as Dhu Qarad, a reservoir of water at a day’s journey from Madinah. According to the majority of scholars, this incident took place three days before the battle of Khaibar. It has been narrated on the authority of Salamah bin Al-Akwa‘, the hero of this battle, that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) sent his hireling Rabah, with his camels to a nearby pasture. I, taking Talhah’s horse, went there for the same purpose. When the day dawned, ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari made a raid, drove away all the camels, and killed the man who looked after them. I told Rabah to ride the horse, take it to Talhah and inform the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) that the polytheists had made away with his camels. Then I stood upon a hillock and turning my face to Madinah, shouted thrice: “Come to our help!” After that I set out in pursuit of the raiders, shooting at them with arrows and chanting (self-eulogatory) verse:

Allohga qasamki, men ularga o‘q otishda davom etdim va ularning ulov hayvonlarining oyoq payimini kesib tashladim. Qachon bir otliq menga qarab yo‘nalsa, men daraxt tagiga borib o‘tirardim (o‘zimni yashirardim), unga o‘q otib, uning otining oyoq payini kesardim. Oxiri ular tor tog‘ darasiga kirib ketishdi. Men o‘sha tog‘ga chiqib, ularga tosh otish bilan ularni to‘xtatib turdim. Shu tariqa ularni quvishda davom etdim, to hamma tuyalarni ozod qilib olguncha, ular bilan hech kim qolmadi. Ular har tomonga qochdi, men esa ularning orqasidan quvib, doimiy ravishda o‘q otdim, toki ular yukini yengillashtirish uchun o‘ttizdan ortiq yopinchiq va o‘ttizta nayza tashlab ketdilar. Ular tashlagan har bir narsaga men tosh bilan belgi qo‘ydim, shunda Allohning Elchisi {ﷺ} va uning sahobalari buni tanishlari uchun (ya’ni dushman qoldirgan o‘ljadir deb bilishlari uchun). Ular yurib, tor vodiyga yetib kelishdi. Biror narsa yeb olish uchun o‘tirishdi, men esa uchi torayib borayotgan tosh ustida o‘tirdim. To‘rt kishi tog‘ga chiqib, mening tomonimga kelishdi. Ular meni eshitadigan darajada yaqinlashganlarida, men baqirdim: “Meni tanidingizlarmi?” Ular dedilar: “Yo‘q. Sen kimsan?” Men dedim: “Men Salama ibn al-Akvaman. Sizlarning istagan birortangizni o‘ldirishim mumkin, lekin sizlarning hech biringiz meni o‘ldira olmaysiz.” Shunda ular qaytib ketishdi. Men o‘z joyimdan qimirlamadim, to Allohning Elchisi {ﷺ}ning otliqlarini daraxtlar orasidan kelayotganini ko‘rguncha. Ularning oldida Axram bor edi, uning orqasida Abu Qatoda al-Ansoriy, undan keyin esa al-Miqdod ibn al-Aswad kelardi. Axram bilan Abdurrahmon al-Fazariy jangda uchrashdilar. Axram Abdurrahmonning otining oyoq payini kesdi, lekin u Axramga nayza urib, uni o‘ldirishga muvaffaq bo‘ldi. Abdurrahmon Axramning otiga minib qaytdi. Buni ko‘rgan Abu Qatoda Abdurrahmon bilan qattiq jangga kirishdi, unga nayza urdi va u halok bo‘ldi. Shunda mushriklar qochib ketishdi va men ularning orqasidan quvdim, to quyosh botishidan oldin ular Zu Qorad deb ataladigan suvli vodiyga yetib kelishdi. Ular suv ichib dam olish uchun o‘sha yerda to‘xtashdi. Men esa ularning orqasidan shiddat bilan quvib, ular suv ichishga ulgurmasdan vodiydan haydab chiqardim. Keyinroq Payg'ambar ﷺ sahobalari bilan birga menga yetib olishdi. Men unga murojaat qilib dedim: "Allohning Elchisi, xalqimizdan yuz kishini tanlab bersangiz, talonchilarning ketidan borib, ularni yakson qilsam." Payg'ambar ﷺ javob berib dedilar: "Ibn al-Akva', siz yetarlicha oldingiz, endi esa saxiylik ko'rsatishingiz kerak; ular hozir G'atafon qabilasining manziliga yetib borishdi, u yerda ularni mehmon qilishmoqda." Keyin qo'shimcha qildilar: "Bugun bizning eng yaxshi otliqimiz Abu Qatoda, eng yaxshi piyodamiz esa Salama." Ular menga o'ljadan ikki ulush ajratdilar — otliq uchun mo'ljallangan ulush va piyoda uchun mo'ljallangan ulushni, ikkalasini ham menga birlashtirib berdilar. Madinaga qaytishni niyat qilib, meni o'zlarining "al-Adba'" deb ataluvchi urg'ochi tuyalarining orqasiga minishga buyurdilar.

By Allâh, I continued shooting at them and hamstringing their animals. Whenever a horseman turned upon me, I would come to a tree (hid myself) sitting at its base, shoot at him and hamstring his horse. At last they entered a narrow mountain gorge. I ascended that mountain and held them at bay throwing stones at them. I continued to chase them in this way until I got all the camels released with no one left with them. They fled in all directions and I following and shooting at them continually until they dropped more than thirty mantles and thirty lances, lightening their burden. On everything they dropped, I put a mark with a stone so that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and his Companions might recognize them (that it was booty left by the enemy). They went on until they came to a narrow valley. They sat down to eat something, and I sat on the top of a tapering rock. Four of them ascended the mountain coming towards me. When they were near enough to hear me, I shouted: “Do you recognize me?” They said: “No. Who are you?” I said: “I am Salamah son of Al-Akwa‘. I can kill anyone of you I like but none of you can kill me.” So they returned. I did not move from my place until I saw the horsemen of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), who came riding through the trees. The foremost among them was Akhram, behind him was Abu Qatadah Al-Ansari followed by Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad. Akhram and ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari met in combat. Akhram hamstrung ‘Abdur Rahman’s horse but the latter managed to strike him with his lance and kill him. ‘Abdur Rahman turned around riding Akhram’s horse. Abu Qatadah, seeing this, got engaged in fierce combat with ‘Abdur Rahman, smote him with his lance and it was fatal. The polytheists consequently fled away and I was in their pursuit until before sunset they reached a valley with a spring of water called Dhu Qarad. They rested there to have a drink. I however, running in hot pursuit, turned them out of the valley before they could drink a drop of water. Later on, the Prophet (Peace be upon him), along with his Companions, overtook me. I addressed him saying: Messenger of Allâh, let me select from our people one hundred men and I will follow the marauders and finish them. In reply, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: “Ibn Al-Akwa‘, you have taken enough and so now you have to show magnanimity; now they have reached the habitation of Ghatfan where they are being feted.” He added saying: “Our best horseman today is Abu Qatadah, and our best footman today is Salamah.” He allotted me two shares of the booty - the share meant for the horseman and the other meant for the footman, and combined both of them for me. Intending to return to Madinah, he made me mount behind him on his she-camel called Al-‘Adba’.