Ushbu rejalarni amalga oshirish maqsadida musulmonlar haqiqiy harbiy faoliyatni boshladilar. Dastlab bu Madina atrofidagi yo'llarni va Makkaga olib boradigan yo'llarni geosiyosiy jihatdan o'rganish uchun topshirilgan razvedka patrullari shaklida bo'ldi, shuningdek, yaqin atrofdagi qabilalar bilan ittifoqlar tuzildi. Payg'ambar ﷺ Madinadagi mushriklar va yahudiylar, shuningdek, uning atrofidagi badaviylarga musulmonlar o'zlarining eski qo'rquvlarini yengib o'tganliklarini va ularga jazosiz hujum qilib bo'lmaydigan darajada kuchli ekanliklarini ko'rsatmoqchi edi. U shuningdek, Quraysh harbiy ahmoqlik qilib, iqtisodiy hayoti va turmush manbalariga zarar yetkazishining oldini olish, Makkada asir bo'lib qolgan himoyasiz musulmonlarni ta'qib qilishdan to'xtatish uchun o'z izdoshlarining kuchini namoyish etishni xohlardi. Natijada u bu imkoniyatdan foydalanib, Ilohiy da'vatni erkin targ'ib qilish vazifasini davom ettirmoqchi edi. Quyida ushbu safarlar va topshiriqlarning qisqacha mazmuni keltirilgan.
With a view to implementing these plans, the Muslims commenced real military activities, which at first took the form of reconnaissance patrols delegated to explore the geopolitical features of the roads surrounding Madinah and others leading to Makkah, and building alliances with the tribes nearby. The Prophet wanted to impress upon the polytheists and Jews of Madinah as well as the bedouins in its vicinity, that the Muslims had smashed their old fears, and had been too strong to be attacked with impunity. He also wanted to display the power of his followers in order to deter Quraish from committing any military folly against him which might jeopardize their economic life and means of living, and to stop them from persecuting the helpless Muslims detained in Makkah, consequently he would avail himself of this opportunity and resume his job of propagating the Divine Call freely. The following is a resume of these missions and errands:
1. Ramazon oyi, hijriy 1-yil, ya’ni milodiy 623-yilda Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib boshchiligida “Saif al-Bahr” qo‘shin bo‘linmasi yuborildi. Bo‘linma 30 nafar muhojirdan iborat bo‘lib, uning aniq vazifasi Quraysh karvonini to‘sib qolish edi. Bu karvonda 300 kishi bor edi, ular orasida Abu Jahl ibn Hisham ham bor edi. Ikki tomon yuzma-yuz kelib, jangga tayyorlanib saf tortdi. Ikki tomon bilan yaxshi munosabatda bo‘lgan Majdi ibn Amr o‘sha yerda bo‘lib, yaqinlashib kelayotgan to‘qnashuvning oldini olishga muvaffaq bo‘ldi.
1. Saif Al-Bahr Platoon sent in Ramadan 1 A.H., i.e. 623 A.D. led by Hamzah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib and comprising 30 Emigrants with a definite task of intercepting a caravan belonging to Quraish. It was a caravan of 300 people including Abu Jahl bin Hisham. The two parties encountered each other and aligned in preparation for fighting. Majdi bin ‘Amr, on good terms with both sides, happened to be there and managed to prevent an imminent clash.
Shu munosabat bilan Payg'ambar ﷺ musulmonlar tarixidagi birinchi bayroqni tayinladi. U oq rangda edi va uni ko'tarib yurish Kinoz ibn Husayn al-G'anaviyga topshirildi.
• On that occasion, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) accredited the first flag in the history of Muslims. It was white in colour and was entrusted to Kinaz bin Husain Al-Ghanawi, to carry.
2. Hijriy 1-yil, shavvol oyida, ya'ni miloddiy 623-yil aprelida Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Ubayda ibn al-Horis ibn al-Muttalibni muhojirlardan 60 nafar otliq boshchiligida Batn Robig' deb ataladigan joyga yubordilar. U yerda ular Abu Sufyon boshchiligidagi 200 kishilik karvonga duch keldilar. O'q otish bo'ldi, ammo haqiqiy jang bo'lmadi.
2. In Shawwal, 1 A.H., i.e. April 623 A.D. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) despatched ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith bin Al-Muttalib at the head of 60 horsemen of Emigrants to a spot called Batn Rabegh where they encountered Abu Sufyan at the head of a caravan of 200 men. There was arrow shooting but no actual fighting.
Qiziqarli tomoni shundaki, ikki musulmon, Al-Miqdad bin ‘Amr Al-Bahroniy va ‘Utba bin G‘azvon Al-Mozaniy, Quraysh karvonidan ajralib chiqib, ‘Ubaydaning safiga qo‘shilishdi. Musulmonlarning oq bayrog‘ini esa Mistah bin Asasa bin Al-Muttalib bin ‘Abd Manaf ko‘tarib borardi.
• It is interesting to note that two Muslims, Al-Miqdad bin ‘Amr Al-Bahrani and ‘Utbah bin Ghazwan Al-Mazini, defected from the caravan of Quraish and joined the ranks of ‘Ubaidah. The Muslims had a white flag carried by Mistah bin Athatha bin Al-Muttalib bin ‘Abd Munaf.
3. Zulqa’da oyi, 1 hijriy, ya’ni miloddan avvalgi 623-yil may oyida Payg‘ambar ﷺ Sa’d ibn Abu Vaqqosni 20 otliq bilan yubordilar va ularga Al-Xarrorodan o‘tmaslikni buyurdilar. Besh kunlik yo‘lдан so‘ng ular manzilga yetib bordilar, ammo Quraysh karvonining bir kun oldin ketganini bildilar; ularning bayrog‘i, odatdagidek, oq edi va uni Al-Miqdod ibn Amr ko‘tarib yurardi.
3. In Dhul Qa‘dah 1 A.H., i.e. May 623 A.D. the Prophet (Peace be upon him) despatched Sa‘d bin Abi Waqqas at the head of 20 horsemen, and instructed them not to go beyond Al-Kharrar. After a five-day march they reached the spot to discover that the camels of Quraish had left the day before; their flag, as usual, was white and carried by Al-Miqdad bin ‘Amr.
4. G'azvat al-Abvo’ yoki Vaddan. U hijriy 2-yilning safar oyida, ya’ni milodiy 623-yilda bo‘lgan. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ o‘zlari 70 nafar kishi – asosan muhojirlar – boshchiligida Quraysh qarashasiga tegishli tuya karvonini to‘xtatish uchun chiqdilar va Madinadagi ishlarni boshqarish uchun Sa’d ibn Ubodani qoldirdilar. Ular Makka bilan Madina orasidagi Vaddan degan joyga yetib borganlarida, u yerda hech kimni topmadilar.
4. Ghazwa Al-Abwa’ or Waddan. It was in Safar 2 A.H., i.e. 623 A.D. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) set out himself at the head of 70 men, mostly Emigrants, to intercept a camel caravan belonging to Quraish, leaving behind Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah to dispose the affairs in Madinah. When he reached Waddan, a place between Makkah and Madinah, he found none.
Ushbu yurish davomida u Amr ibn Maxshi Ad-Damariy bilan tajovuzkorlik qilmaslik to'g'risida shartnoma tuzdi. Shartnomaning shartlari quyidagicha:
l In the process of this campaign, he contracted a non-aggressiopact with ‘Amr bin Makhshi Ad-Damari. The provisions of the pact go as follows:
“Bu Allohning Elchisi Muhammad ﷺ tomonidan Bani Damra haqida berilgan hujjatdir, unda u ularni mol-mulki va jonlari bilan xavfsiz va omonda qilib belgilagan. Agar ular Allohning dinига qarshi chiqmasalar, musulmonlardan yordam kutishlari mumkin. Shuningdek, Payg‘ambar ﷺ ulardan yordam so‘ragan taqdirda, ular ijobiy javob berishlari kutiladi.”
• “This is a document from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh concerning Bani Damrah in which he established them safe and secure in their wealth and lives. They can expect support from the Muslims unless they oppose the religion of Allâh. They are also expected to respond positively in case the Prophet sought their help.”.
Bu Allohning Elchisi ﷺ rahbarligida amalga oshirilgan birinchi bosqin edi. U o'n besh kun davom etdi va uning oq bayrog'ini Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib ko'tarib yurdi.
This was the first invasion under the leadership of the Messenger of Allâh. It took fifteen days, with a white flag carried by Hamzah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib.
5. Buvat yurishi. U Rabi‘ al-Avval oyida, hijriy 2-yilda, ya’ni milodiy 623-yilda bo‘lib o‘tgan. Payg‘ambar ﷺ 200 nafar sahobaning boshida Buvat tomon yo‘lga chiqdi, maqsadi Quraysh karvonini to‘xtatish edi. Bu karvonda Quraysh tegishli 100 nafar quraysh, jumladan Umayya ibn Xalaf va 2500 ta tuya bor edi. Buvatga yetib borganda karvon allaqachon ketib qolgan edi. Madinadan chiqishdan oldin u Sa‘d ibn Mu‘oz ga qaytguncha ishlarni boshqarishni topshirdi.
5. Buwat Invasion. It took place in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal 2 A.H., i.e. 623 A.D. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), at the head of 200 companions, marched for Buwat to intercept a caravan belonging to Quraish comprising 100 Quraishites, Omaiya bin Khalaf among them, and 2500 camels. When he reached Buwat, the caravan had left. Before leaving Madinah, he mandated Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh to dispose the affairs until his return.
6. Safvon yurishi. Hijriy 2-yilning Rabi‘ al-avval oyida, ya’ni miloddan avvalgi 623-yilda Karz bin Jabir bir guruh mushriklar boshida Madinaning yaylovlariga bostirib kirdi va bir qancha hayvonlarni talon-taroj qildi. Payg‘ambar ﷺ 70 kishilik qo‘shin boshida tajovuzkorlarga qarshi jang qilish uchun Madinadan chiqdi. Ular ortidan quvib, Badr yaqinidagi Safvon nomli joygacha bordi, lekin ularga yetib ololmadi. Bu yurish Badr yurishining dastlabki ko‘rinishi sifatida tanildi. Payg‘ambar ﷺ yo‘qligida Madinadagi ishlarni boshqarishni Zayd bin Horisaga topshirdi. Bayroq oq rangda bo‘lib, uni ko‘tarish ‘Ali bin Abu Tolibga topshirildi.
6. Safwan Invasion. In Rabi‘ Al-Awwal 2 A.H., i.e. 623 A.D. Karz bin Jabir at the head of a small group of polytheists raided the pastures of Madinah and looted some animals. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) at the head of 70 men left Madinah to fight the aggressors. He went in their pursuit till he reached a place called Safwan near Badr but could not catch up with them. This invasion came to be known as the preliminary Badr Invasion. During his absence, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) entrusted Zaid bin Harithah with the disposition of the affairs in Madinah. The standard was white in colour and entrusted to ‘Ali bin Abi Talib to carry.
7. Zhil-Ushayra yurishi. U Jumodil-avval va Jumodil-oxir oylarida, hijriy 2-yilning birinchi yoki ikkinchi yarmida, ya'ni milodiy 623-yil noyabr-dekabr oylarida bo'lgan. Payg'ambar ﷺ 150–200 nafar musulmon ko'ngillisi boshida, navbatma-navbat minib boriladigan 30 ta tuya bilan, Quraysh karvonini to'xtatish uchun chiqdi. U Zhil-Ushayraga yetib keldi, ammo tuyalar bir necha kun oldin ketib qolgan edi. Bu tuyalar Suriyadan qaytayotganida ular to'xtatmoqchi bo'lgan o'sha karvon edi va Badr jangining boshlanishiga bevosita sabab bo'lgan edi. Ushbu yurish davomida Payg'ambar ﷺ Bani Madlij va ularning ittifoqchisi Bani Dhumrah bilan hujum qilmaslik to'g'risida shartnoma tuzdi. Uning yo'qligida Madinani boshqarish Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Asad al-Maxzumiyga topshirildi.
7. Dhil ‘Ushairah Invasion. It was in Jumada-al-Ula and Jumada-al-Akhirah the first or second 2 A.H., i.e. November-December 623 A.D. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) at the head of 150- 200 Muslim volunteers, with 30 camels which they rode turn by turn, set out to intercept a Quraishite caravan. He reached Dhil ‘Ushairah but the camels had left some days before. These camels were the same that he went out to intercept on their return from Syria, and were the direct reason for the break out of the battle of Badr. In the process of this campaign, the Prophet وسلم علیه االله صلى contracted a non-aggression pact with Bani Madlij and their allies Bani Dhumrah. Abu Salama bin ‘Abd Al-Asad Al-Makhzumi was mandated to rule Madinah in his absence.
8. Nakhla qo‘shini. U Rajab oyida, 2 hijriy yilda, ya’ni miloddiy 624 yilning yanvarida bo‘lib o‘tgan. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ‘Abdulloh ibn Jahsh Asadiyni 12 nafar muhojir bilan olti tuya ustida Nakhlaga yubordilar. ‘Abdullohga Payg‘ambar ﷺ tomonidan maktub berildi, ammo uni ikki kundan keyingina o‘qishni buyurdilar. U ko‘rsatmaga amal qildi va Makka bilan At-Ta’if orasida joylashgan Nakhla degan joyga borib, Quraysh uchun yuborilgan karvonni to‘sib, ularning niyatlari haqida xabar to‘plashi kerakligini bildi. U maktubning mazmunini o‘z hamrohlariga aytdi, ular esa buyruqqa so‘zsiz bo‘ysundilar. Nakhlada karvon kishmish (quritilgan uzum), oziq-ovqat va boshqa mollar ortilgan holda o‘tdi. U yerda ‘Amr ibn Al-Hadramiy, ‘Abdulloh ibn Al-Mug‘iraning o‘g‘illari ‘Usmon va Naufal hamda boshqa taniqli mushriklar ham bor edi. Musulmonlar Rajab oyini – u muqaddas oy bo‘lib, Zulhijja, Zulqa’da va Muharram oylari bilan birga, o‘sha paytda Arabistonda odat bo‘yicha urush harakatlari to‘xtatilgan oy edi – hisobga olib, ular bilan jang qilish masalasini o‘zaro maslahatlashdilar. Oxiri ular jangga kirishishga kelishdilar. ‘Amr ibn Al-Hadramiy o‘q tegib o‘ldirildi, ‘Usmon va Al-Hakam asir olindi, Naufal esa qochib qutuldi. Ular o‘ljа va ikki asir bilan qaytdilar. Ular o‘ljaning beshdan bir qismini Alloh va Uning Elchisiga ajratib qo‘ydilar, qolganini o‘zlari oldilar. Elchi ﷺ bu ishni ma’qullamadilar va yuqorida zikr etilgan harom oylar sababli tuyalar va ikki asir haqida har qanday harakatni to‘xtatdilar. Mushriklar esa bu oltin imkoniyatdan foydalanib, musulmonlarni bo‘hton qilishdi va ularni Alloh tomonidan muqaddas qilingan narsani buzishda ayblashdi. Bu bo'sh gap-so'zlar Muhammadning ﷺ sahobalariga og'ir bosh og'rig'i keltirdi, nihoyat, qat'iy javob beruvchi va jarayonning butun davomida mushriklarning xulqi musulmonlarning harakatidan ancha battar va ancha jiddiyroq ekanini aniq bayon qiluvchi Vahiy nozil bo'lganda ular xotirjam bo'ldilar:
8. The Platoon of Nakhlah. It took place in Rajab 2 A.H., i.e. January 624 A.H. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) despatched ‘Abdullah bin Jahsh Asadi to Nakhlah at the head of 12 Emigrants with six camels. ‘Abdullah was given a letter by the Prophet (Peace be upon him) but was instructed to read it only after two days. He followed the instructions and discovered that he was asked to go on to a place called Nakhlah standing between Makkah and At-Ta’if, intercept a caravan for Quraish and collect news about their intentions. He disclosed the contents of the letters to his fellows who blindly obeyed the orders. At Nakhlah, the caravan passed carrying loads of raisins (dried grapes), food stuff and other commodities. Notable polytheists were also there such as ‘Amr bin Al-Hadrami, ‘Uthman and Naufal, sons of ‘Abdullah bin Al-Mugheerah and others... The Muslims held consultations among themselves with respect to fighting them taking into account Rajab which was a sacred month (during which, along with Dhul Hijja, Dhul Qa‘da and Muharram, war activities were suspended as was the custom in Arabia then). At last they agreed to engage with them in fighting. ‘Amr bin Al-Hadrami was shot dead by an arrow, ‘Uthman and Al-Hakam were captured whereas Naufal escaped. They came back with the booty and the two prisoners. They set aside one-fifth of the booty assigned to Allâh and His Messenger, and took the rest. The Messenger disapproved of that act and suspended any action as regards the camels and the two captives on account of the prohibited months already mentioned. The polytheists, on their part, exploited this golden opportunity to calumniate the Muslims and accuse them of violating what is Divinely inviolable. This idle talk brought about a painful headache to Muhammad’s Companions, until at last they were relieved when the Revelation came down giving a decisive answer and stating quite explicitly that the behaviour of the polytheists in the whole process was much more heinous and far more serious than the act of the Muslims:
• "Ular sizdan harom oylardagi (ya'ni, Islom taqvimining 1-, 7-, 11- va 12-oylari) urush haqida so'raydilar. Ayting: «U yerda urush qilish katta (gunoh)dir, ammo Alloh huzurida undan ham kattaroq (gunoh) — odamlarni Allohning yo'lidan to'sish, Unga kufr keltirish, Al-Masjid al-Harom (Makkadagi)ga kirishni man etish va uning aholisini undan chiqarib yuborishdir. Fitna esa o'ldirishdan ham yomonroqdir»." [2:217]
• “They ask you concerning fighting in the sacred months (i.e. 1st, 7th, 11th and 12th months of the Islamic calendar). Say, ‘Fighting therein is a great (transgression) but a greater (transgression) with Allâh is to prevent mankind from following the way of Allâh, to disbelieve in Him, to prevent access to Al-Masjid-Al-Harâm (at Makkah), and to drive out its inhabitants, and Al-Fitnah is worse than killing.” [2:217]