Tabuk yurishi. Hijriy 9-yil Rajab oyida.
The Invasion Of Tabuk In Rajab, In The Year 9 A.h.
Makkahni bosib olish va fath etish haq bilan botil o'rtasidagi hal qiluvchi voqea sifatida qaraldi. Natijada arablar Muhammadning (ﷺ) risolatiga bo'lgan shubhalarini butunlay yo'qotdilar. Shunday qilib, ishlar mushriklarning kutganlaridan teskari yo'nalishda ketdi. Odamlar Allohning dini bo'lgan Islomni ommaviy ravishda qabul qila boshladilar. Bu kitobning "Elchilar" bobida aniq ko'rinadi. Shuningdek, Hajjatul-Vadā‘ (Vido haji) da ishtirok etgan ulkan odamlar soni buni bilvosita ko'rsatadi. Barcha ichki nizolar tugadi. Musulmonlar nihoyat xotirjamlik topdilar va Allohning qonunlari ta'limotini joriy etishga hamda Islomga da'vatni kuchaytirishga kirishdilar.
The invasion and the conquest of Makkah was considered a decisive one between the truth and the error. As a result of which, the Arabs had no more doubt in Muhammad’s mission. Thus we see that things went contrary to the pagans’ expectations. People started to embrace Islam, the religion of Allâh, in great numbers. This is manifested clearly in the chapter — The delegations, of this book. It can also be deduced out of the enormous number of people who shared in the Hajjatul-Wadâ‘ (Farewell Pilgrimage). All domestic troubles came to an end. Muslims, eventually felt at ease and started setting up the teachings of Allâh’s Laws and intensifying the Call to Islam.
ASOSIY SABABLAR
THE UNDERLYING REASONS
Vizantiya davlati, o'sha paytda yer yuzining eng buyuk harbiy kuchi hisoblangan, musulmonlarga nisbatan asossiz dushmanlik ko'rsatdi. Biz allaqachon aytib o'tganimizdek, ularning dushmanligi Allohning Elchisi ﷺning elchisi Al-Horis ibn Umayr Al-Azdiyni Sharhabil ibn Amr Al-G'assoniy o'ldirishi bilan boshlangan edi. Elchi o'sha paytda Busro hokimiga Payg'ambar ﷺning xatini olib borayotgan edi. Biz shuningdek, Payg'ambar ﷺ buning ortidan Zayd ibn Horisa boshchiligida qo'shin yuborganini, u Mu'tada vizantiyaliklar bilan qattiq jang qilganini ham aytib o'tdik. Musulmon qo'shinlari o'sha mag'rur, haddan oshgan zolimlardan qasos ola olmagan bo'lsalar-da, bu to'qnashuv butun Arabistonda arablarga katta taassurot qoldirdi. Sezar esa Mu'ta jangining musulmonlarga keltirgan katta foydasini e'tiborsiz qoldira olmadi, arab qabilalarining mustaqillik umidlarini, uning hukmronligi va ta'siridan xalos bo'lish orzularini ham e'tibordan chetda qoldira olmadi, shuningdek ularning musulmonlar bilan ittifoqini ham inobatga olmasdan iloji yo'q edi. Buni anglagan Sezar, o'z chegaralariga, ayniqsa qo'shni arab yerlariga tahdid solayotgan, Shom tomonidagi xavfning kundan-kunga ortib borayotganini bilar edi. Shu sababli u musulmonlar kuchini yo'q qilish zarurati tug'ilganiga qaror qildi. Uning fikricha, bu ish musulmonlar shunchalik kuchayib, yengib bo'lmaydigan darajaga yetib, qo'shni arab hududlarida tartibsizlik va notinchlik keltirib chiqarishidan oldin amalga oshirilishi kerak edi. Ushbu ehtiyojlarni qondirish uchun Sezar vizantiyaliklar va Rimga moyil G'assoniy qabilalaridan iborat katta qo'shin to'pladi, musulmonlarga qarshi hal qiluvchi, qonli jang boshlash uchun.
The Byzantine power, which was considered the greatest military force on earth at that time, showed an unjustifiable opposition towards Muslims. As we have already mentioned, their opposition started at killing the ambassador of the Messenger of Allâh (peace be upon him), Al-Harith bin ‘Umair Al-Azdi, by Sharhabeel bin ‘Amr Al-Ghassani. The ambassador was then carrying a message from the Prophet (peace be upon him) to the ruler of Busra. We have also stated that the Prophet consequently dispatched a brigade under the command of Zaid bin Haritha, who had a fierce fight against the Byzantines at Mu’tah. Although Muslim forces could not have revenge on those haughty overproud tyrants, the confrontation itself had a great impression on the Arabs, all over Arabia. Caesar — who could neither ignore the great benefit thMu’tah Battle had brought to Muslims, nor could he disregard the Arab tribes’ expectations of independence, and their hopes of getting free from his influence and reign, nor he could ignore their alliance to the Muslims — realizing all that, Caesar was aware of the progressive danger threatening his borders, especially Ash-Sham-fronts which were neighbouring Arab lands. So he concluded that demolition of the Muslims power had grown an urgent necessity. This decision of his should, in his opinion, be achieved before the Muslims become too powerful to conquer, and raise troubles and unrest in the adjacent Arab territories. To meet these exigencies, Caesar mustered a huge army of the Byzantines and pro-Roman Ghassanide tribes to launch a decisive bloody battle against the Muslims.
Ўша йилда содир бўлган баъзи муҳим воқеалар:
Some Important Events that featured that Year:
Shu yil davomida juda katta ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan ko'plab voqealar yuz berdi. Ular quyidagilar edi: 1. Elchi ﷺ Tabukdan qaytganlaridan keyin, 'Uvaymir al-'Ajlaniy bilan uning xotini o'rtasida zino ayblovi bilan qasam ichish voqeasi sodir bo'ldi.
During this year many events of great significance took place. They were: 1. After the Messenger’s return from Tabuk, the sworn allegation of infidelity between ‘Uwaimir Al-‘Ajlani and his wife took place.
2. Zinoni o‘z ustidan iqror bo‘lgan G‘omidiyya ayolni toshbo‘ron qilish. U faqat farzandini ko‘kragidan ajratganidan keyingina toshbo‘ron qilindi.
2. Pelting with stones the Ghamidiyah woman who confessed committing adultery. She was pelted with stones only after weaning her child off her breast milk.
3. Najoshiy Ashama; Habashiston (Efiopiya) podshohi vafot etganida, Payg‘ambar ﷺ uning uchun g‘oibona janoza namozini o‘qidilar.
3. Negus Ashama; the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), died so the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed prayer in absentia for him.
4. Ummu Kulsumning vafoti, Payg'ambarimizning ﷺ qizlari. Payg'ambar ﷺ uning vafotidan juda qattiq qayg'urdilar. U Usmonga dedi: "Agar menda uchinchi qiz bo'lganida, uni senga turmushga berardim."
4. The death of Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Prophet felt extremely sad at her death. “Had I got a third daughter, I would let you marry her.” He said to ‘Uthman.
5. Munofiqlarning boshlig'i Abdulloh ibn Ubay ibn Salulning Tabukdan Payg'ambar qaytganidan keyin vafot etishi. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ uning uchun Allohdan mag'firat so'radi. Shuningdek, Umarning buni qaytarishga va uning oldini olishga urinishiga qaramay, u uchun duo qildi. Keyinroq Umarning to'g'ri fikrini tasdiqlovchi Qur'on oyati nozil bo'ldi.
5. The death of ‘Abdullah bin Abi Salool, the head of hypocrites, after the Prophet’s return from Tabuk. The Messenger of Allâh (peace be upon him) asked Allâh’s forgiveness for him. He also prayed for him in spite of ‘Umar’s disapproval and his attempt to prevent him from doing that. Later on a Qur’ânic verse was revealed attesting to ‘Umar’s right viewpoint.