11.6 民主不是协商(Shura)
11.6 Democracy Is Not Shura
当一个人听到某些自称有知识的人所说的话时,真不知道该笑还是该哭,他们说伊斯兰始于民主,终于独裁。
One does not know whether to laugh or cry when one hears the statement of one of those people claiming to have knowledge, whilst saying that Islam begins with Democracy and ends with dictatorship.
他们引用真主的话作为证据:“你应当在事务上与他们协商;你决定之后,就应当信托真主。”[TMQ 3:159] 与我们的主题相关的还有一个观点有待讨论,即他们认为伊斯兰认可民主,因为《古兰经》和圣训曾提及协商(Shura)这一主题。他们说:民主不过就是协商。正如民主建立在征求民众意见的基础之上,伊斯兰也命令我们征求他人的意见。真主说:“你应当在事务上与他们协商。”[TMQ 3:159];真主还说:“他们的事务是由互相协商而决定的。”[TMQ 42:38];而使者ﷺ在其生活的各个方面,包括政治和军事生活中,也经常与他的门徒协商并采纳他们的意见。既然这是《古兰经》的命令,也是使者ﷺ的实际所为,那么穆斯林就应当遵循。他们还说,协商与民主之间的区别只是名称上的,只要含义相同,名称不同并无问题。
They cite as proof the saying of Allah ; “And consult them in their affairs. Then when you have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah.” [TMQ 3:159] One idea relevant to our subject still remains to be discussed, which is their view that Islam approved of Democracy when the Qur’an and the Sunnah alluded to the subject of Shura. They say: Democracy is nothing but Shura. Just as Democracy is built on taking the opinion of people, Islam has also ordered us to take other people’s opinions. He said; “And consult them in their affairs.” [TMQ 3:159]; and He also said; “And who conduct their affairs by mutual consultation.” [TMQ 42:38]; and the Messenger in his practical, political and military life, used to constantly consult his companions and adopt their opinions. Since this is the command of the Qur’an and the reality of what the Messenger did, then Muslims should follow it. In addition they say, that the difference between Shura and Democracy is only semantic. Different names are not a problem as long as the meanings are the same.
我们知道,主张民主的人有各种不同的类型和团体。其中有心怀恶意的欺骗者,也有真诚却不了解民主实质的人。真诚的团体必须远离这类思想,否则他们就会像无知地崇拜安拉的人一样,并且这会导致他犯罪。真诚的人的本性是悔罪、克制自己并进行反思。
We know that those who call for Democracy are of various types and groups. From amongst them you have the evil deceiver, and also the sincere one who is ignorant of the reality of Democracy. The sincere groups are required to keep far away from such ideas, otherwise they will be like the one who worships Allah out of ignorance, and it will lead him to commit sin. It is the nature of a sincere person to repent, restrain himself and reflect.
这些人曾经说社会主义源自伊斯兰,并且说先知ﷺ是他们的伊玛目。如今社会主义那令人作呕的臭味已经消散,他们现在将如何回应?民主也是同样的情形,它正处于垂死的阵痛之中。那么这一主张的倡导者还有什么希望?这种想法不是为了伊斯兰的利益,而是为了民主的利益。他们不但不揭露其虚假,反而将其奉为最高思想,把它带给民众,而不是将它踩在脚下。
Such people once said that Socialism is from Islam and that the Messenger is their Imaam. Now that the putrid smell of Socialism has disappeared, how will they respond now? The same applies to Democracy, which is in its final pangs of death. So what hope do the advocates of this call have? Such an idea is not for the benefit of Islam but for the benefit of Democracy. Instead of exposing its falsehood, they adopt it as their highest thought. They carry it to the people instead of crushing it under their feet.
实现安拉的命令,在于使安拉的话语至高无上,使宗教唯独归于安拉。这只能由这样一群人来达成:他们在理解上得到引导,在建立上保持觉醒,在信仰上开明,对伊斯兰教法的规定有深刻的理解,并拒绝外来的思想和异质的定义。他们不接受屈从于现实,也不受环境的左右。
The realisation of Allah’s command is by making the Word of Allah the highest, and making the deen exclusively for Allah . This can only be achieved by a group that is guided in its understanding and aware in its establishment, and enlightened in its creed, deep in its understanding of the Sharee’ah rules and that rejects the alien thoughts and the foreign definitions. It does not accept to bow to the reality or fall under the influence of the circumstances.