穆斯林必须信仰真主 􀀬、祂的使者，以及伊斯兰的整个“aqeedah（信条）；即信仰真主 􀀬、祂的天使、经典、使者、末日，以及al-qadhaa wal-qadar（前定），即善与恶都出自真主 􀀬，并以确定的态度信仰《古兰经》和圣训中所载的一切。

The Muslim is required to have Imaan in Allah 􀀬, His messengers and the whole of the Islamic ‘Aqeedah; ie the belief in Allah 􀀬, His angels, Books, Messengers, in the Last Day and al-qadhaa wal-qadar, that both good and bad are from Allah 􀀬, and believe in whatever has come in the Kitaab and Sunnah in a decisive manner.

因此，信仰（Imaan）是每位穆斯林的个人义务（fard 'ayni）。他必须总体上相信它，并且必须具备它的根基。

Thus, Imaan is fard ‘ayni (a personal obligation) on every Muslim. He is required to believe in it generally and he must have its foundation.

因此,他必须信仰真主(SWT)的存在,祂是万物的创造者,没有任何事物与祂相似。祂具备完美的属性,一切缺陷都与祂无关。宇宙中的一切,以及人类赖以生存和所需要的一切,都来自全能的真主。天上地下没有任何事物能够逃脱祂的掌控;任何事物都不能违背祂的意志与知识。唯有祂(SWT)才是真正应当崇拜的对象,唯有向祂寻求庇护,唯有向祂顺服,唯有凭借祂的喜悦才能获得心灵的安宁。穆斯林拥有这一根基时,便获得了对真主(SWT)的信仰。他还必须相信,穆罕默德ﷺ是真主的使者,他带来伊斯兰教的宗教,是真主的启示,并非出于他自己的天才或智慧;他在传达从其主那里所得的讯息时是无误的。

Thus, he is required to believe in the existence of Allah 􀀬, the Creator of everything and that there is none like Him. The One who has the attributes of perfection and from Whom any deficiency is removed, and that whatever is in the universe, and whatever life is established upon, and needed by man is from Allah al-Qadeer. Nothing on the earth or in the sky can escape Him; nothing can go against His Will and Knowledge. He 􀀬 is the only One to be truly worshipped, in Whom alone is the seeking of refuge, to Whom alone is the submission, and with His Pleasure alone comes tranquillity. When the Muslim possesses this foundation then he has obtained the Imaan in Allah 􀀬. He is also required to believe that Muhammad 􀁕 is the Rasool of Allah, who has come with the deen of Islam as a revelation from Allah 􀀬 and not through his genius or intelligence, and that he is infallible in what he conveyed from his Lord.

他应当笼统地信仰安拉的其他使者和祂的经典，信仰天使、末日，以及前定（al-qadhaa wal-qadar）。

He should believe in the rest of the Messengers of Allah and His Books in a general manner, in the angels, the Last Day and in al-qadhaa walqadar.

这些是信仰（伊玛尼）的基础。谁承认这些基础，谁就成为信士，即使他遗漏了某些细节——当然，前提是他没有从事或相信任何损害其信仰的事情。这种信仰会增长，也会减退，因此需要坚定地遵守，并保持端正的品行。

These are the foundations of Imaan, whoever acknowledged them becomes a believer, even if he has missed some of the details - of course this is as long as he does not undertake or believe in anything that violates his Imaan. This Imaan, however increases and decreases, consequently this requires strong adherence and maintaining an upright behaviour.

因此,当信士更多地思索安拉的宇宙迹象和启示的经文时,对安拉的信仰便在生活中得到加强,变得更加有力。所以,穆斯林越是思考安拉的创造、其构造的精妙、造物主的大能、祂的智慧和知识,他的信仰(Imaan)就越坚定,对这位至大造物主的敬畏和尊崇也就越增长。

Thus, the belief in Allah 􀀬 strengthens and becomes more potent in the realm of life, when the believer contemplates more about the universal signs and the revealed verses of Allah 􀀬. So the more a Muslim thinks about the creation of Allah 􀀬 and the precision of its composition and the power of its Creator, His wisdom and knowledge, the more his Imaan strengthens and his sanctification to this Mighty Creator increases.

人越是思考真主 􀀬 赐予他的恩惠，越是试图去数算这些恩惠，并将自己的觉察引向他曾经疏忽的事物，他就越接近这位尊贵的主宰，赞美祂、感谢祂、顺从祂。穆斯林越是思考除造物主以外的一切所存在的缺陷，以及自身的需要与软弱，就越会急切地只向这位造物主崇拜、顺服并归顺。

The more that man contemplates the bounties that Allah 􀀬 has bestowed upon him, and the more he tries to count them and draw his perception to what he was heedless of, the nearer he draws to this Noble Ilaah, praising Him, thanking Him and obeying Him. The more the Muslim thinks about the deficiency in everything other than the Creator and about his need and weakness, the more he hastens towards worshipping, obeying and submitting to this Creator only.

同样,对安拉的使者ﷺ的信仰也会增强和减弱。

Likewise the belief in the Rasool of Allah 􀁕 increases and decreases.

因此,穆斯林对《古兰经》的认识越深,就越确信这部《古兰经》只能来自安拉,而非他者;随之,他对穆罕默德是安拉的使者ﷺ这一点也就越加坚信。同样,当他思考安拉的使者ﷺ的生平(Sirah)、他的生活、他为安拉之道所承受的苦难以及他的地位时,他对安拉的使者ﷺ的爱便越深,对这位伟大先知的人格的眷恋也就越强。

So the more the Muslim’s knowledge of the Qur’an increases, the more his conviction that this Qur’an is not from anyone other than Allah 􀀬 increases, and hence his conviction that Muhammad 􀁕 is the Messenger of Allah also increases. Similarly, as he contemplates the Sirah of the Rasool of Allah 􀁕, his life, the suffering he underwent in the Path of Allah 􀀬 and his position, the greater his love for the Rasool of Allah 􀁕, and his attachment to the personality of this great Prophet increases.

因此，他顺服真主并效法真主的使者ﷺ一生所怀有的那份关切的努力也随之增加。

Consequently his endeavour to obey him and carry the same concern the Rasool of Allah 􀁕 carried thoughout his life also increases.

同样的道理也适用于对末日的信仰。当穆斯林更多地思考审判日的种种情形时——那一日会使孩童白发苍苍,每位哺乳的母亲都忘记了她所哺育的孩子,每位怀孕的妇人都会流产,人们看起来如同醉酒一般,因为对正在发生之事的恐惧——安拉告知他的这一幕无形之景令他战栗,因此他想要躲避那一日的恐怖,并寻求在那一日得以安全的途径。信士越是思考那些谈论乐园以及安拉为信士所预备的持久安逸与永恒幸福的经文和圣训,他眼中今世的享乐便越显微不足道,他对那崇高乐园的渴望也越发强烈。同样,信士越是思索那些关于火狱的经文和圣训,以及安拉为判教者和罪人所预备的痛苦刑罚与永恒之火,他对这种惩罚的畏惧便越发增长。因此,在他眼中,对今世刑罚与痛苦的恐惧也随之减弱,于是他开始避免那些导致进入火狱的因素,即便这会使他落入压迫者的监狱,并让他的背部遭受鞭打。 由此可见,当心灵与信仰紧紧相连时,身体的各个器官便会以清醒的服从和坚定的承诺回应安拉。在信士眼中,后世越是显要,今世便越显得微不足道。信仰越坚定,践行也随之越坚定,并支持信士在言语与行为上坚守立场,无论他遭遇怎样的艰难与困苦。

The same holds for the belief in the Last Day.When the Muslim thinks more about the conditions of the Day of Judgement, which makes children grey headed, every nursing mother forget her nursing, every pregnant one drop her burden, and the people look as if they are drunk from the fear of what is taking place; this unseen scene which Allah 􀀬 has informed him about terrifies him, and as a consequence he wants to avoid the terror of that day and thus seeks the means of safety on that day. The more the believer contemplates the ayaat and ahadith which talk about Jannah and what Allah 􀀬 has prepared for the believers in terms of the lasting comfort and eternal happiness, then the smaller the delight of the dunya becomes in his eyes and his yearning for that sublime Paradise increases. Also, the more the believer ponders over the ayaat and ahadith regarding the Hellfire and what Allah has prepared for the disbelievers and sinners of painful torment and the eternal fire, the greater becomes his fear of this punishment. Hence fear of life’s punishments and pains diminishes in his eyes, so he starts to avoid the reasons which lead one to enter the Hellfire, even if that led him to the prisons of the zaalimeen (oppressors) and exposed his back to be beaten by theis whips. Thus, when the heart ties itself around Imaan, then the organs of his body respond to Allah 􀀬 in aware obedience and strong commitment. The more the Aakhira becomes prominent in the eyes of the believer, the more the dunya seems immaterial to him. When the Imaan becomes stronger, the adherence consequently becomes stronger, and supports the believer to stay firm in his speech and action, whatever the hardships and difficulties he faces.

对真主的信仰（伊玛尼）必须伴随着对一切其他对手的否认（库夫尔），无论它们以何种形式或形象出现，无论是偶像还是思想。《古兰经》曾与拜偶像者，以及这些观念的持有者进行过针锋相对的论辩。

Imaan (belief) in Allah needs to be accompanied by rejection (kufr) of all other rivals, whatever forms and images they may take, whether they are idols or thoughts. The Qur’an confronted the idol worshippers, and the carriers of these concepts:

他说：“难道你们要崇拜自己雕刻的东西吗？而真主创造了你们和你们所制作的。”[《古兰经》37:95-96]；祂说：“你们可曾看见拉特、欧萨和第三个玛纳特吗？

“He said: ‘Do you worship that which you (yourselves) carve?’ And Allah has created you and what you make” [TMQ 37:95-96]; He 􀀬 said; “Have you then considered al-Laat and al-’Uzza, and Manaat, the other third?

"难道你们男的归主,祂女的归主吗?这确是极不公平的分配!"[TMQ 53:19-22];祂 􀀬 还说:"他们说:'除了今世的生活,别无其他;我们生了又死,只有时间(ad-Dahr)毁灭我们。'他们对此并无知识,他们只是臆测。当我们清楚的明文被诵读给他们听时,他们的辩驳只是说:'如果你们说的是实话,那就让我们已故的祖先复活吧!'你说:'安拉使你们生存,然后使你们死亡,然后祂将在复活日把你们集合起来,这一点毫无疑问,但大多数人并不知道。'"[TMQ 45:24-26]因此,对安拉以外之物的信仰是虚假的,必须抛弃和拒绝。正如信仰需要思考和沉思,同样,不信也需要思考和沉思。前面的经文激发人们的思维,请他们沉思异教徒信仰的实质,从而确信这些信仰全都是虚假的,并真正拒绝塔古特(Taghut)。祂 􀀬 还说:"谁不信塔古特而信安拉,谁就已抓住了最可靠的绳索,它永不断绝。安拉是全聪的,全知的。"[TMQ 2:256]正如思考和沉思是信仰安拉的途径,同样也是拒绝塔古特的途径。穆斯林必须兼备两者,才能抓住那坚固的把柄,获得正确的引导。

Is it for you the males and for Him females? That indeed is a division most Unfair!” [TMQ 53:19-22]; and He 􀀬 said; “And they say: ‘There is nothing but our life of this world, we die and we live and nothing destroys us except ad-Dahr (time).’ And they have no knowledge of it, they only conjecture. And when Our Clear Verses are recited to them, their argument is no other than that they say: ‘Bring back our (dead) fathers, if you are truthful!’ Say (to them): ‘Allah gives you life, then causes you to die, then He will assemble you on the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt. But most of mankind know not.’” [TMQ 45:24-26] So the Imaan (belief) in other than Allah 􀀬 is false. It must be discarded and rejected. Just as Imaan requires thought and contemplation, likewise Kufr as well requires thought and contemplation. The previous ayaat motivate the minds of men to think, and ask them to contemplate the reality of the beliefs of the Kuffar so that they gain certainty that these are all false, and so that they can truly reject the Taghut. He 􀀬 said; “Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All- Knower.” [TMQ 2:256]. Just as thought and contemplation is a means to believe in Allah 􀀬, likewise it is also a means to reject Taghut. Both are required from the Muslim so that he can grasp the firm handle and obtain the correct guidance.

这种信仰是每位穆斯林都应当具备的，它使他坚守于此。

This Imaan, required from every Muslim, makes him committed to it.

凡信仰真主的人,并摒弃一切虚妄者,必将倾心于这位伟大的伊拉哈(神明)——造物主、全能者(al-Qadeer,全能的)。因此,他爱慕祂,敬畏祂,渴望祂的慈悯,崇拜祂。 信仰在传达da'wah中的重要性

Whosoever believes in Allah 􀀬 and discards all that is false, will find himself leaning towards this great Ilaah (God), the Creator, al-Qadeer (the All-Able). Thus, he loves Him, fears Him, desires His Mercy, worships T h e i m p o r t a n c e o f I m a a n i n c o n v e y i n g t h e d a ’ w a h u 4 1

他（穆斯林）顺从祂，遵行祂的命令。这使穆斯林心中生出对安拉所喜爱之事的热爱，以及对安拉所憎恶之事的憎恨。穆斯林在一生中会转向安拉，感谢祂所赐予他的恩惠，以及祂加于他身上的恩典。他既已认识到自己的软弱与无能，需要那位掌管他事务的主，又怎会不这样做呢？若非安拉，他就不会得到引导，不会行在正道上，他的事务也不会美好。因此，遵从安拉的命令，他便过上美好的生活；背离安拉的念诵，他便过着悲惨与困苦的生活，既失去今世，也失去后世。由此可见，信仰必然促使人顺从并敬畏（taqwa）。这使每位穆斯林转向造物主，崇拜祂、服从祂，远离一切惹祂愤怒的事物，并热切地去做一切能使祂喜悦的事。那么，什么能使安拉喜悦，什么能使祂愤怒呢？实际上，使安拉喜悦的是对祂的顺从，而这体现在立法者所规定并命令穆斯林遵行的诸多善行（ma'roofaat）之中；使安拉愤怒的是违逆，而这体现在立法者同样规定并命令穆斯林远离的诸多恶行（munkaraat）之中。

Him and follows His orders. This generates in the Muslim the love of what Allah 􀀬 lives, and the hatred of what Allah 􀀬 hates. The Muslim in his life would then turn to Allah 􀀬 to thank Him for what He bestowed upon him, and the grace that He brought upon him. Why would he not do so, having realised that he is weak and incapable, in need of the One who manages his affairs? If it was not for Allah 􀀬, he would not have been guided, he would not have upon the right path, and his affairs would not have been good. Thus, by following the order of Allah 􀀬 he lives a good life, and by turning away from the zikr of Allah 􀀬 he lives a miserable and wretched life, and he loses this world and the Hereafter. Thus, Imaan inevitably drives towards compliance and taqwa. This makes every Muslim turn to the Creator to worship Him and obey Him, abstain from anything which angers Him, and makes him eager to do whatever will please Him. So what pleases Allah 􀀬 and what angers Him? Indeed, what pleases Allah 􀀬 is the obedience to Him, which is through the many ma’roofaat the Legislator determined for the Muslims and ordered them to comply with. What angers Allah 􀀬 is disobedience, which is through the many munkaraat the Legislator also determined, and ordered them to abstain from.