因此,团体必须研究先知ﷺ所采取的行动,正是这些行动促成了麦地那第一个伊斯兰国家的建立。事实上,方法的步骤取自先知ﷺ,da'wah的准则也须从那个时代去理解;而da'wah将凭借耐心和坚持,克服重重困难向前推进,这是真正号召的规律;任何人都无法免于此道。正如Waraqah b. Nawfal在启示开始降临到先知ﷺ身上时对他所说的那样:

Accordingly, the group must study the actions that the Messenger 􀁕 undertook which led to the establishment of the first Islamic State in Madinah. Indeed, the steps of the method are taken from the Messenger 􀁕, and the rules of the da’wah are understood from that period, and the da’wah will force its way ahead with patience and perseverance despite the difficulties, as is the law of the true calls; no one can be saved from it. It is as Waraqah b. Nawfal said to the Messenger 􀁕 when the revelation started to come down to him:

“你将遭到否认、伤害、驱逐和攻击。”先知ﷺ问他：“他们会驱逐我吗？”瓦拉喀回答说：

“You will be belied, harmed, expelled and fought. The Messenger 􀁕 asked him, ‘Will they expel me?’ Waraqah replied:

“没有一位先前到来的使者不被他的人民驱逐。”他（真主）说："的确，在你（穆罕默德）之前，许多使者都曾被否认，但他们忍受否认，并受到伤害，直到我的援助降临他们。没有人能够改变真主的话语（决定）。关于先前使者的消息，已经传到你这里了。"[TMQ 6:34] 这种工作方法与使者ﷺ的方法相同。使者ﷺ生活在麦加，当时麦加是Dar al-Kufr（不信之地）。他采取了有计划的行动，最终促成了麦地那伊斯兰国家（Dar al-Islam）的建立。从麦加迁徙到麦地那（伊斯兰国家在此建立），是从Dar al-Kufr过渡到Dar al-Islam的转折点。

‘There was not a Messenger that came before who was not banished by his people.’” He 􀀬 said; “Verily, (many) Messengers were denied before you (O Muhammad), but with patience they bore the denial, and they were hurt, till Our Help reached them, and none can alter the Words (Decisions) of Allah. Surely there has reached you the information (news) about the Messengers (before you).” [TMQ 6:34] The method of work is the same method of the Messenger 􀁕. He 􀁕 lived in Makkah while it was dar al-kufr. He undertook deliberate actions that led to the establishment of dar al-Islam in Madinah. The emigration from Makkah to Madinah, where the Islamic State was established, was the point of transition from dar al-kufr to dar al-Islam.

这里产生了一个问题：根据我们前面所说的，这是否意味着今天的伊斯兰宣教（da'wah）也必须经历两个阶段——麦加阶段和麦地那阶段——就像在使者ﷺ的时代一样？

Here arises a question; from what we have said, does it mean that the da’wah today must pass through two stages - the Makkan stage and the Madinan stage - as in the time of the Messenger 􀁕?

答案是，在先知（ﷺ）的时代，伊斯兰的宣教（da’wah）经历了两个阶段：

The answer is that in the time of the Messenger 􀁕 the da’wah passed through two stages:

1- 麦加时期是指大部分关于信仰的经文和少量关于律例的经文降示给使者的阶段。当时的穆斯林只需对当时所降示的内容承担法律责任。使者ﷺ被命令宽恕世人，以智慧和优美的劝导召唤他们，停止使用武力，并且在遭受任何伤害时保持忍耐。

1- The Makkan stage in which most of the verses of beliefs, and few verses of rules were revealed to the Messenger 􀁕. The Muslim was not legally responsible for more than what was revealed at the time. The Messenger 􀁕 was commanded to forgive the people and call them with wisdom and beautiful preaching and desist from the use of arms and to have patience when any harm comes his way.

2. 麦地那阶段：此阶段降示了余下的信仰经文，教律（ahkam）的启示也由此完备。使者ﷺ被命令建立伊斯兰的律法，执行刑罚（‘uqubaat），宣布圣战（Jihaad），开辟疆土，并管理民众的事务。在此阶段，穆斯林开始对伊斯兰的全部内容负起责任。

2- A Madinan stage in which the rest of the verses of beliefs were revealed to the Messenger 􀁕, and the revelation of the ahkam was completed. The Messenger 􀁕 was ordered to establish the laws of Islam and apply the ‘uqubaat (punishments), declare Jihaad and open lands and look after the affairs of people. In this stage the Muslim became responsible for the whole of Islam.

今天，无论启示于麦加还是麦地那的经文如何，我们都对伊斯兰的全部内容负有责任。穆斯林对任何一条律例的疏忽都将受到问责。因此，穆斯林须为离婚、婚姻、买卖、圣战、斋戒、朝觐、刑罚、证言、土地、所有权等法律负责，这些法律都启示于麦地那。然而，也有一些律例，其执行权托付给穆斯林的哈里发，个人无权擅自实施，例如刑罚的整体制度、为传播宣教而进行的进攻性圣战、国家财产的律例以及哈里发制度的律例。还有一些律例并非托付给哈里发，穆斯林无论在何种情况下都有义务遵守；无论它们启示于麦加还是麦地那，若未能遵行，他都将受到问责。 以至于伊斯兰规定，身处无法履行个人律例之国度的穆斯林有义务迁徙。真主说：“那些不义地自欺的人，天使在取他们的灵魂时，将问他们：‘你们原来是怎样的？’他们回答说：‘我们在大地上是弱者。’天使说：‘真主的大地不是很宽广的吗？你们本可以迁移到那里去。’这些人的归宿是火狱，那是最恶的归宿。除非是真正无力的男人、女人和儿童，他们既不能想出办法，也不知道道路。”（《古兰经》4:97-98） 因此，就我们今天的处境而言，谈论麦加时期与麦地那时期的划分是不恰当的。然而，我们只借鉴并效法先知ﷺ在麦加时期所做之事中，与他在宣教各阶段相关的部分，以及他为建立伊斯兰之地（Dar al-Islam）所采取的行动。 至于个别的律例，无论穆斯林身处dar al-kufr（非信仰之地）还是dar al-Islam（伊斯兰之地），这些律例对他依然具有约束力。

Today we are responsible for the whole of Islam, regardless of what was revealed in Makkah or Madinah. The Muslim will be accounted for any negligence regarding any rule. So the muslim is answerable for the rules of divorce, marriage, selling, Jihaad, fasting, Hajj, punishments, testimonies, land, ownership and other such laws which were revealed in Madinah. However there are rules whose implementation has been entrusted with the Khaleefah of the Muslims and no individual is allowed to undertake them, such as the rules of punishments (as a whole), the rules of offensive Jihaad to spread the Da’wah, the rules of State property and the rules of the Khilafah. There are rules not entrusted with the Khaleefah and it is obligatory on the Muslim to adhere to them whatever the circumstances are. He will be accounted if he fails to comply with them; whether they were revealed in Makkah or Madinah.To the point that Islam has made migration obligatory on the Muslim who lives in a country where he is not able to perform the individual rules. He 􀀬 says; “Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for them) they (angels) say (to them): ‘In what condition were you?’ They reply:’We were weak and oppressed on earth.’ They (angels) say: ‘Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?’ Such men will find their abode in Hell - what an evil destination! Except the weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way.’” [TMQ 4:97-98] Therefore, it is not correct to speak of the Makkan phase and the Madinan phase in our current situation today. However, we take from and emulate what the Messenger 􀁕 did while he was in Makkah only in what relates to the phases he passed in the da’wah and the actions which he undertook that led to the establishment of dar al-Islam. As for the individual rules, they remain obligatory on the Muslim, whether he is in dar al-kufr or dar al-Islam.