4.1 在他的时代的培育阶段
4.1 The Stage Of Culturing In His Time
当他ﷺ被派遣后,他开始召唤人们。有些人信从了他,另一些人则公开表示不信,直到伊斯兰在麦加广为人知,人们都在谈论此事。使者ﷺ起初常去人们的家中拜访他们。他在麦加公开地召人归信伊斯兰,遵循安拉的言语:“披衣的人啊!起来警告吧!”[《古兰经》74:1-2]。他依据这一宗教在暗中将信徒组织成一个集体,因此他的门徒们常在山谷中礼拜,躲避本族人的耳目。对于新近皈依伊斯兰的人,他ﷺ会派人教他诵读《古兰经》;他派遣哈巴ब·本·阿拉特去教扎伊奈卜·本特·海塔卜及其丈夫赛义德在赛义德家中诵读《古兰经》。欧麦尔圣门弟子正是在这一学习圈中皈依伊斯兰的。他ﷺ以阿尔古姆之家作为信徒群体的中心,以及这一新号召的学堂,在那里为他们诵读《古兰经》,并指导他们背诵和理解。先知ﷺ继续将此事隐秘地进行,把每一个信从他的人吸纳进这个组织。他ﷺ在阿尔古姆·本·阿比·阿尔古姆之家中秘密地教导他们,直到安拉下启示:“故你当明白宣布你所奉命宣布的。”[《古兰经》15:94]。起初,他会向他察觉有接受召唤之意愿的任何人传播宣教,不论年龄、社会地位、性别或出身。大约四十人——男人和女人,来自不同环境、不同年龄——加入了他的团体,直到安拉命令他公开宣扬祂的宗教。他们大多数是年轻人。
When he was sent, he began to call the people. Some believed in him and others professed disbelief, until Islam became widely known in Makkah, and the people talked about it. The Messenger initially used to visit them in their homes. He called people to Islam publicly in Makkah, in accordance with His saying; “O you (Muhammad ) enveloped (in garments)! Arise and warn!” [TMQ 74:1- 2]. He organised them in a bloc on the basis of this deen secretly, which is why his companions used to pray in the valleys, hiding from their people. For the one who newly embraced Islam, he would send someone to teach him the Qur’an; He sent Khabbab b. Arat to teach Zynab bint al-Khattab and her husband Sa’eed the Qur’an, in the house of Sa’eed. It was the very halaqah (circle) at which Sayyiduna ‘Umar embraced Islam. He took the house of al-Arqam as the centre of the believing block and as a school for this new da’wah, where he would recite the Qur’an to them and instruct them to memorise it and understand it. The Prophet continued to conceal and hide this matter, and bring into the structure anyone who believed in him. He taught him secretly in the house of al-Arqam b. abi al-Arqam until He revealed; “Therefore proclaim openly that which you are commanded.” [TMQ 15:94] At the start, he used to give da’wah to anyone who he noticed had the readiness to accept the call, irrespective of the age or social standing, and regardless of gender or lineage. About forty people - men and women - from different environments and ages joined his group, until Allah ordered him to proclaim His deen. Most of them were youths.