5.2 有些穆斯林认为,需要做的是飞拜(Ibaadah,即礼仪性的崇拜),而不是建立伊斯兰国家的工作
5.2 Some Muslims Say That Ibaadah (ritual Worship) Is What Is Required And Not The Work To Establish The Islamic State
他们还说,使者 ﷺ 只是号召人们崇拜安拉 (SWT),并没有号召人们建立伊斯兰国;或者说,核心问题是崇拜安拉 (SWT),而不是伊斯兰国;或者说,建立伊斯兰国并不重要,重要的是崇拜安拉 (SWT)。这些就是他们的观点,或与此性质相近的说法。
They also say that the Messenger called people to the worship of Allah and did not call people to the establishment of an Islamic State; or that the central issue is the worship of Allah and not the Islamic State; or that it is not important to establish an Islamic State, but it is important to worship Allah . These are their views; or something of the same nature.
要回应这一反驳,我们必须先界定"ʿibādah"(崇拜)的实质,以及它是如何实现的。
To respond to this objection we must define the reality of ibaadah and how it is acheived.
安拉创造人类是为了崇拜祂。因此,崇拜(ibaadah)是安拉创造人类的目的。“Laa Ilaaha illallah”(除安拉外,别无应受崇拜者)的含义如下:除安拉外,没有任何应受崇拜的对象,除此之外的一切都是虚假的,必须予以否定,人必须对此作证。“Muhammad rasoolullah”(穆罕默德是安拉的使者)的含义是:崇拜和顺从必须遵照唯有穆罕默德ﷺ——安拉的使者——所带来的教导,人必须对此作证。
Allah created mankind to worship Him. Thus, ibaadah is the objective for which Allah created the human beings. The meaning of, “Laa Ilaaha illallah” is the following: there is none to be worshipped except Allah , and anything other than this is false and must be rejected and man must testify to this. “Muhammad rasoolullah”, means that the worship and obedience should be according to what only Muhammad , the Rasool of Allah, has brought and man must testify to this.
因此,’ibaadah(崇拜)只属于安拉 (SWT),并且除非是安拉 (SWT) 所立法的,即唯独由安拉的使者 ﷺ 所带来的,否则它不能成立。这是一条必须在我们生活中的每一个行为或言语中都得以落实的根本原则。
Thus, ‘ibaadah (worship) is only for Allah and it cannot take place, except as legislated by Allah of what was brought only by the Rasool of Allah, and this is an origin that must be realised in every action or statement in our life.
因此,穆斯林在今世采取某项行动以满足自身的某种需要或实现现实生活中的某种价值时,他的动机仅仅是满足自己的需要和本能,而这些需要和本能可以通过不止一种方式得到满足。
Hence when the Muslim undertakes an action in this life to achieve a need for himself or a value which is in the reality of life, he moves solely for the motive of satisfying his needs and instincts, which can be satisfied in more than one way.
以符合伊斯兰教法(Shar'ee)的方式来满足这些需求,并恪守其界限,同时将此与对真主的信仰相联系,便使穆斯林的行为成为一种崇拜。
Satisfying this in the Shar’ee way, and restricting oneself to it, and linking that with the belief in Allah , makes the action of the Muslim a worship.
既然人的每一种行为背后都有某种欲望或需求的满足,而人的需求涉及生活的许多方面,那么人的行为自然会涵盖生活的各个层面。
Since behind every action there is the satisfaction of a desire or need, and mans needs are related to many areas, it is natural that the actions of man will cover all aspects of life.
因此,"ʿibādah"(崇拜)是指人依照真主的命令与禁令来指导自己的行为,而这必须建立在唯独信仰真主的基础之上;这也使得"ʿibādah"具有全面性,涵盖人的一切行为。
Thus, ‘ibaadah is that man should direct his actions according to the orders and prohibitions of Allah , and this must be done based on the belief in Allah only; this leads to the comprehensiveness of ibaadah which encompasses all of man’s actions.
当你对一位穆斯林说“崇拜安拉”时,这并不仅仅是在要求他礼拜、缴纳天课、朝觐,或去做那些被教法学家归入“功修”(ʿibādāt)范畴的事务。
When you say to a Muslim “worship Allah”, it does not mean that you are only instructing him to pray, pay zakah, make hajj or undertake things the fuqaha (jurists) have placed under the category of ‘ibadaat (worships).
这意味着他应当在真主 所命令的一切事务上服从真主,并远离真主 所禁止的一切事务。
It means that he should obey Allah in everything He has commanded and refrain from everything He has forbidden.
因此,对真主的信仰是一切行为的根源。崇拜是为了让一切行为都建立在对真主的信仰之上。
Thus, the Imaan in Allah is the origin of actions. The worship is for the sake of directing all the actions on the basis of belief in Allah .
因此,整个宗教(دين)都是崇拜(عبادة),而“崇拜”的含义是顺服。
Therefore, the whole deen is ‘ibaadah, and ‘ibaadah means submission.
将自己顺服于真主,意味着崇拜祂,并谦卑地遵从全知、全察的真主的命令,我们怀着欣然和顺从的心,顺服于祂。
The meaning of submitting ourselves to Allah is to worship Him and humble ourselves to the order of Allah, the All-Knowing and All-Aware, and we submit ourselves to Him with contentment and submission.
因此,崇拜和服从祂的一部分,便是命人行善、禁止作恶,为主的道路而对不信道者和伪信者进行圣战(Jihaad),在穆斯林的生活中确立安拉的宗教,在所有人之间传播宣教(da'wah),并保护穆斯林;正如礼拜、天课和夜间的乐业拜(qiyaam)也是如此。
That is why part of worshipping and obeying Him is, enjoining the ma’roof and forbidding the munkar, and engaging in Jihaad in His path against the people of kufr and nifaaq (hypocracy), establishing Allah’s deen in the life of the Muslims, spreading the da’wah between all people and protecting the Muslims; just as it is also in the prayer, Zakah and qiyaam (nightly devotional prayers).
崇拜安拉 包括穆斯林依照其所处现实所进行的一切行为。如果现实情况是穆斯林不礼拜,那么号召他礼拜就是一种崇拜的号召;邀请他封斋,就是邀请他崇拜;邀请他依照伊斯兰教法进行买卖,也是邀请他崇拜安拉 。既然对安拉 的信仰是一切崇拜的根源,那么号召人们礼拜或封斋,就必须先激发受邀者心中的信仰,使这种信仰成为其践行的动力,并主导其一切行为。
Worshipping of Allah includes all actions of man, which the Muslim undertakes according to the reality in which he lives. If the reality is that the Muslim does not pray then calling him to pray is a call to worship, and inviting him to fast is an invitation to worship, and inviting him to buy and sell according to the Islamic Shar’a is an invitation to worship Allah . Since Imaan in Allah is the origin of every worship, then calling people to prayer or fasting must be preceded by provoking the Imaan in the person who is given da’wah, and making this Imaan the impetus for commitment and the controller of actions.
同样,号召人们建立伊斯兰教,以及依照安拉所启示的律法来统治,这些都是安拉的命令,必须遵从。信仰安拉的人应当承担这些责任。对这些命令的号召,必须以号召人们信仰安拉为先。唯有如此,才能在这一事务上实现对安拉的崇拜。
Likewise for calling people to the establishment of Islam and ruling by what Allah has revealed, which are from the orders of Allah and they must be obeyed. They are undertaken by the one who believes in Allah . The invitation to these orders must be preceded by the invitation to believe in Allah . This is what will realise the worship of Allah in this matter.
既然今天的穆斯林生活在并非源自真主的律法之下的kufr(不信)制度之中,穆斯林无法在这些制度下过伊斯兰的生活,那么建立宗教(deen)的号召便是对真主的崇拜,应当引起关注,并投入努力。
Since the Muslims today live under kufr systems whose rules are not derived from Allah , and the Muslim cannot live an Islamic way of life under them; then the call to establish the deen represents worshipping of Allah , to which attention should be drawn and efforts spent.
因此,我们有义务将我们对安拉崇拜的呼吁与这个时代的问题联系起来,而这些问题都体现在恢复伊斯兰生活方式的呼吁之中。这样,对安拉的崇拜才能以最完备的方式得以实现。因此,建立伊斯兰国家的呼吁,就是建立作为崇拜的“丁”(宗教)的呼吁,也是一种崇拜的呼吁。这是因为它是我们所信仰的安拉的命令;忽视这一点的穆斯林,便是在对安拉的崇拜中懈怠了。
Thus, we are obliged to link our call to Allah’s worship with the problems of this age, which are all reflected in the call to resume the Islamic way of life. Then the worship of Allah will be achieved in the most complete manner. Therefore, the call for the establishment of the Islamic State is a call for the establishment of the deen which is ‘ibaadah, and is a call for ‘ibaadah. This is because it is an order from Allah in whom we believe; the Muslim who ignores this is complacent in the worship of Allah .
因此,那些人呈现这一问题的方式是错误的,因为它似乎暗示为建立哈里发制度而努力与崇拜(ʿibādah)相矛盾。持有这种观点,就是以《古兰经》的一部分攻击另一部分,而穆斯林已被禁止这样做。
Therefore, the manner in which this issue has been presented by those people is wrong, because it seems to imply that working to establish the Khilafah contradicts with ‘ibaadah. Holding such an opinion is an attack on part of the Qur’an by another part, which the Muslims have been forbidden from doing.