理智会对相似和可比的事物给出相同的裁决，因此人们会在具有相同相似之处的两件事物之间进行类比。理智在作出裁决时也会区分不同的事物，即对不同的事物给出不同的裁决。

The mind gives the same rule on similar and comparable things. That is why analogy is made between two things that have the same resemblance. The mind also differentiates between different things when giving judgement, ie it gives different judgements for different things.

这与格雅斯·沙尔常（Qiyas Shar'ee，即依据律法的类比）相悖，因为沙里阿（Shar'a）时常区分相似之事，也将诸多不同之事视为相同。沙里阿区分了相似的时间，例如赐予莱麦图勒·盖德尔（Laylatul Qadr，权能之夜）以超越其他夜晚的优越地位。它也区分了相似的地方，例如麦加优于麦地那，而麦地那又优于其他地方。 在拜功（salah）方面，沙里阿在缩短拜功时区分了四拉克尔与三拉克尔：它允许将四拉克尔缩短，却不允许将三拉克尔或两拉克尔缩短。理智在这些事情上都无法进行比较。 对于纯净的精液（maniyy）的排出，沙里阿规定须行大净（ghusl）；而对于不洁的前列腺液（madhy）的排出，它却规定须行小净（wudu），尽管二者都是从同一部位排出的。它将离异妇女的待婚期（'iddah）定为三个经期，而丧偶者的待婚期却是四个月零十天，尽管子宫的状况相同。它使水与尘土在洁净方面等同，尽管水能清洁，尘土却会污染。它将通奸者、杀人者和叛教者的刑罚都定为死刑，尽管他们之间各不相同。

This is contrary to the qiyas Shar’ee (Shar’ee analogy), because the Shar’a frequently differentiated between things that are similar, and made similar many things that are different. The Shar’a differentiated between similar things, such as two different times. Thus it gave preference to laylatul qadr (Night of Power) over other nights. It differentiated between similar places, such as the preference of Makkah over Madinah, and the preference of Madinah over other places. Regarding the salah (prayer), the Shar’a differentiated between four rak’aat and three rak’aat when shortening the prayer. Thus, it permitted four rak’aat to be shortened but did not give permission for three rak’aat or two rak’aat to be shortened. The mind cannot make comparison in any of these things. For the emission of the maniyy (semen), which is pure, the Shar’a obliged the ghusl (bath) but it ordered wudu (purification) for the emission of the pre-semenal fluid (madhy), which is impure, even though they are both emitted from the same place. It made the ‘iddah (waiting period) of the divorced women three menstrual cycles and the ‘iddah of the widower four months and ten days, even though the condition of the womb is the same. It made water and dust similar in terms of purification, even though water cleanses and dust dirties. It made death the punishment for the adulterer, the murderer and the apostate even though they are different.