伊斯兰教由“麦尔鲁夫”（ma'roofat）所构成，这些是安拉（SWT）命令人们去建立的；也包括“蒙卡拉特”（munkaraat），这些是安拉（SWT）命令人们远离并予以消除的。

Islam consists of ma’roofat which Allah 􀀬 has ordered to establish, and munkaraat which He 􀀬 ordered to abstain from and remove.

最高且最重要的善行，便是信仰真主以及伊斯兰信仰的其余各项支柱。

The head and the highest ma’roof is the belief in Allah 􀀬 and the rest of the pillars of the Islamic ‘Aqeedah.

munkar（复数为 munkaraat，意为恶行、不正之事）之首，也是其中最恶劣的表现，是各种形式的 kufr（不信）。真主下令避开它，阻止人们陷入其中，并警告人们不要落入它的圈套。

The head of the munkaraat (pl. of munkar) and its most evil manifestation is kufr in all its forms. Allah 􀀬 ordered that one avoid it, deter people from it and warn of falling into its snare.

接下来,在信仰之后,是属于善行范畴的敬畏(taqwa)。它通过遵从安拉和祂的使者ﷺ而实现。它是信仰的果实,使信仰臻于完善,是信仰的必备要素之一。敬畏安拉,即是避免触怒祂。这只有通过遵守安拉的律法才能实现。而这种遵守与信仰相关联。因此,穆斯林的信仰越坚定,他对服从的遵守就越坚定;信仰越薄弱,这种遵守也就越薄弱。

Then after Imaan comes taqwa from the catagories of ma’roof. It is realised by obeying Allah 􀀬 and His Messenger 􀁕. It is the fruit of Imaan, it completes it and it is from its requisites. Fearing Allah 􀀬 means to avoid His anger. This cannot take place except by adhering to the Law of Allah 􀀬. This adherence is linked to Imaan. So whenever the Imaan of a Muslim becomes strong, his adherence to obedience becomes strong. This adherence becomes weak when the Imaan becomes weak.

因此,穆斯林被命令信仰(Imaan)并顺从安拉(SWT)和祂的使者ﷺ,并被禁止各种形式的kufr(不信),也被禁止各种形式的违抗行为。

Thus, the Muslim is ordered to have Imaan and obey Allah 􀀬 and His Messenger 􀁕, and he is forbidden from kufr in all its forms, and from acts of disobedience in all its forms.

穆斯林的信仰（ईमान）与敬畏（تقوى）、远离kufr与罪恶，若不去传达、不去号召他人，便不会长存，也不会扩展；同样，若不建立一个能保护穆斯林、保护他们的'Aqeedah与敬畏之心、并防止他们陷入kufr与违命陷阱的实体，也难以持续。这正是使者的实际言行所显示的。使者ﷺ并非只命令身边的人拥有信仰与敬畏，而是与他们一道努力，营造一个有利于信仰与敬畏的环境，建立了这一实体。 2 信仰在传播da'wah中的重要性，以及对各项义务的优先次序，使整个社会朝着个人信仰与敬畏所前进的同一方向前进。这正是他ﷺ在麦地那·穆纳瓦腊建立伊斯兰国家时所实现的目标。

The Imaan and taqwa of a Muslim and his abstention from kufr and sins will not remain and will not spread unless he conveys it and calls people to it, establishes the entity that protects the Muslims, their ‘Aqeedah and their taqwa and prevents them from falling into the traps of kufr and disobedience. This is what the reality and the actions of the Messenger 􀁕 have shown. The Messenger 􀁕 did not order those with him to have Imaan and taqwa only. Rather, he used to work with them to establish an environment for Imaan and taqwa, by establishing the entity 2 The importance of Imaan in conveying the da’wah and the priorities regarding the obligations which will make the whole society proceed in the same direction in which the Imaan and taqwa of the individual proceeds. This is what he 􀁕 achieved when he established the Islamic State in Madinah al- Munawwarah.

因此,我们有义务推行的善行(ma'roofaat,复数,单数为 ma'roof),必须传达给民众,号召民众去践行,并且我们必须建立能够保护这些善行的实体。而必须远离的恶行(munkaraat)则必须加以对抗、驱除、使其被孤立,对实施者必须加以追究,并且必须铲除那些导致此类恶行存在或庇护此类恶行的实体。

Thus, the ma’roofaat (pl. of ma’roof) that we are obliged to bring about must be conveyed to the people, and the people must be invited to them and we must establish the entity that will protect them. The munkaraat that one must stay away from must be fought, chased, alienated and whoever committed them must be accounted and the entity that causes the presence of such munkaraat or protects them must be removed.

因此，穆斯林有义务command善行（al-ma'roof）并禁止恶行（al-munkar）。在命人行善之前，他们自己必须先遵行善行；在禁止恶行之前，他们自己必须先远离恶行。

Therefore, the Muslims are obliged to enjoin the ma’roof and forbid the munkar. Before ordering the ma’roof, they themselves must abide by it, and before forbidding the munkar they themselves must refrain from it.