在任命哈里发之前，为此采取的实际措施可以有不同形式，这在紧接着先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）去世之后的正统哈里发身上都有体现，即：艾布·伯克尔、欧麦尔、奥斯曼和阿里（愿真主（SWT）喜悦他们）。所有的圣门弟子对此保持沉默并予以认可，否则，如果此事违背沙里亚，他们是不会接受的。这是因为此事关系到一个至关重要的问题，穆斯林的地位和伊斯兰统治的维护都依赖于此。若我们追溯这些哈里发的任命过程，会发现一些穆斯林曾在八卜拉·赛尔德家族的会堂（萨基法）中进行商议。提名的人选只有赛尔德、艾布·欧拜代、欧麦尔和艾布·伯克尔，并无他人。然而，欧麦尔和艾布·欧拜代拒绝与艾布·伯克尔相争，这使得此事局限于艾布·伯克尔与赛尔德之间。经过这番商议，艾布·伯克尔获得了效忠宣誓。次日，穆斯林被召集到清真寺，依次宣誓效忠。因此，在萨基法的效忠宣誓是任命性的效忠，由此他成为穆斯林的哈里发；而次日在清真寺进行的第二次效忠宣誓，则是服从性的效忠。

The practical measures taken to appoint the Khalifah, before the bayah is given to him, can take different forms, which happened with the rightly guided Khulafaa’ who came immediately after the death of the Messenger (P.B.U.H) namely: Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, and ‘Ali (May Allah (S.W.T) be pleased with them). All of the Sahabah remained silent about this and vouched for it, otherwise, they would not have accepted it if it was against the Shara. This is because it is related to a vital matter upon which rely the stature of the Muslims and the preservation of the rule of Islam. If we follow the development of the appointment of those Khulafaa, we find that some Muslims had discussions in the hall (Saqifa) of Banu Sa’idah. Sa‘d, Abu Ubaydah, ‘Umar and Abu Bakr were nominated and no-one else. However, ‘Umar and Abu Ubaidah refused to challenge Abu Bakr. This meant the issue was confined to Abu Bakr and Sa’d. As a result of the debate, the Bayah was taken for Abu Bakr. The next day the Muslims were called to the Masjid and in turn they pledged their Bayah. So the Bayah in the Saqifa was a Bayah of appointment, by which he became Khalifah for the Muslims. However, the second Bayah in the Masjid, the next day was a Bayah of obedience. .

当阿布·伯克尔感到自己的疾病预示着死亡，而穆斯林的军队正在与当时的波斯和罗马两大强国作战时，他认为有必要召集穆斯林，与他们商议谁可以在他之后成为穆斯林的哈里发。他连续三个月进行这些协商。当协商完成，他得知大多数穆斯林的意见后，便向他们宣布，即提名欧麦尔为其之后的哈里发。这种委任或提名并不被视为将哈里发职位授予欧麦尔的契约。这是因为，直到阿布·伯克尔去世之后，穆斯林才来到清真寺，向欧麦尔宣誓效忠，承认其哈里发之位。欧麦尔正是通过这一宣誓效忠（拜阿）成为穆斯林的哈里发，而不是因为阿布·伯克尔的协商或提名。如果阿布·伯克尔对欧麦尔的提名本身就是授予他哈里发的契约，那么欧麦尔就不需要穆斯林的宣誓效忠了。此外，所引用的经文明确表明，除非获得穆斯林的宣誓效忠，否则任何人都不能成为哈里发。

When Abu Bakr felt that his illness carried with it death, and the Muslim armies were fighting the Persian and Roman superpowers of that time, he felt it necessary to invite the Muslims and consult them with regards to who could be a Khalifah for the Muslims after him. He continued to make these consultations for three months. When they were complete and he knew the opinion of the majority of the Muslims, he announced to them, i.e. nominated, ‘Umar to be the Khalifah to succeed him. This delegation or nomination was not considered a contract of Khilafah to ‘Umar after him. This is because it was only after the death of Abu Bakr that Muslims came to the Masjid and pledged their allegiance to ‘Umar for Khilafah. It was through this Bayah that ‘Umar became the Khalifah for the Muslims, and not as a consequence of the consultations or the nomination of Abu Bakr. Had the nomination of ‘Umar by Abu Bakr been a contract of Khilafah to him, then he would not have needed the bayah of Muslims. Besides, the cited texts indicate explicitly that no one can become a Khalifah except with the Bayah from Muslims. .

当‘Umar担任哈里发并受伤时,穆斯林请他指定一位哈里发,但他拒绝了。他们坚持请求,于是他将人选限定为六人,即亲自指定了六个人。随后,他任命Suhaib主持礼拜,并监督他所指定的人,使他们在分配给他们的三天之内从中选出哈里发。‘Umar对Suhaib说:“……如果六人中的五人同意并接受某一人,而六人中的一人拒绝他,那就砍下他的头。”这一记载也见于At-Tabari的《历史》;Ibn Qutaybah在其著作《Al-Imamah wa Siyasah》(人称《哈里发史》)中也有记载;Ibn Sa'd在其《Al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra》中同样有载。 随后,‘Umar任命Abu Talha Al-Ansari率五十人保护这次集会,并委派Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad负责为六位候选人选定会议地点。‘Umar去世后(愿Allah喜悦他),被提名者便进入会议。Abdul Rahman ibn Awf随即问六人:“谁愿意自己放弃(哈里发之位),把它交给你们中最优秀的人?”无人应答,于是他接着说:“我自己放弃我在哈里发职位上的权利。”然后他开始逐一与他们协商。他问他们:“除你自己之外,你认为这一群人中谁最有资格担任这一职位?”他们的回答集中在两人身上:Ali和‘Uthman。 随后,Abdul-Rahman征求穆斯林对这两人的意见,询问他们会选举哪一位为哈里发。在调查民众意见时,他询问了男人和女人。在选举哈里发期间,他(愿Allah喜悦他)日夜操劳。 Al-Bukhari记载,Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah说:“夜过半后,Abdul Rahman敲我的门,我才醒来。他说:‘我看你睡着了。以真主发誓,这三夜我几乎没有好好睡过。’” 在人们做完晨礼（fajr）之后，对奥斯曼的效忠宣誓（Bayah）便完成了，他因穆斯林的效忠宣誓而成为哈里发，而不是因为欧麦尔提名的六人。

At the time when ‘Umar was Khalifah and he was injured, the Muslims asked him to nominate a Khalifah, but he refused. They continued to insist and so he confined it to six people, i.e. he nominated six people. Then he appointed Suhaib to lead the prayer and to watch over those nominated by him so as to select the Khalifah from amongst them within the three days assigned to them. ‘Umar said to Suhaib: “…If five (of the six) agreed and accepted one man, while one (of the six) man rejected him, then strike his head with the sword...” This is also reported by At-Tabari in his Ta’rikh; by Ibn Qutaybah the author of the book al-Imamah and Siyasah known as “The history of the Khulafa’” and Ibn Sa’d in his book al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra. ‘Umar then appointed Abu Talha Al-Ansari to protect the gathering with fifty men and he charged Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad with the duty of choosing the meeting place for the six candidates. After his death (ra) the nominees settled into their meeting. Abdul Rahman ibn Awf then asked the six "Who would take himself out of it (the Khilafah) and give it to the best among you?” No one answered him, so he went on saying, “I myself renounce my right to the Khilafah.” Then he started to consult them one by one. He would ask them, “Apart from yourself, who do you think is worthy of this authority from among this group?" Their answer was confined to two: Ali and ‘Uthman. Then Abdul- Rahman sought the opinion of the Muslims regarding the two people and which they would elect as Khalifah. He asked the men and women when investigating the opinion of the people. He (ra) worked day and night during the period of electing the Khalifah. Al-Bukhari reported from Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah that he said: “Abdul Rahman knocked at my door after a part of the night passed till I woke up. He said, ‘I see you have been sleeping. By Allah, I did not enjoy much sleep in these three’”, meaning the three nights. After the people had prayed the dawn prayer (fajr), the Bayah was concluded to ‘Uthman and he became Khalifah by the bayah of the Muslims, and not due to the nomination of the six people by ‘Umar. .

在奥斯曼(ra)遇害之时,麦地那和库法的穆斯林大众向阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜宣誓效忠(拜阿),因此他借穆斯林的效忠而成为哈里发。

At the time of ‘Uthman’s (ra) murder the Muslim masses of al-Madinah and al- Kufah gave the bayah to Ali ibn Abi Talib, so he became a Khalifah by the bayah of the Muslims. .

经仔细考察他们(ra)的效忠(Bayah)方式可以清楚看出:哈里发的人选会向民众公布,每一位人选都满足了契约条件。随后,征求穆斯林中有影响力之人的意见,这些人代表着乌玛(Ummah)。在正统哈里发时期,乌玛的代表是众所周知的,他们就是圣门弟子(ra),或者说麦地那的民众。凡是被圣门弟子或其多数所接受的人,便被授予订约的效忠(Bayah),成为哈里发,服从他便成为穆斯林的义务。穆斯林随后会向他宣誓效忠与顺从,哈里发也就成为乌玛在治理与权威上的代表。

Upon close examination regarding the method of their (ra) Bayah it is clear that the nominees to the Khilafah were announced to the people and each one of them fulfilled the contractual conditions. Then the opinion of the influential people among the Muslims, who represent the Ummah, was sought. The representatives of the Ummah were known at the time of the Khulafaa’ Rashidun, for they were the Sahabah (ra), or the people of al-Madinah. Whoever was accepted by the Sahabah or their majority was given the contracting bayah, and he became a Khalifah, and obedience to him became incumbent upon the Muslims. Muslims would then give him the Bayah of obedience, and the Khalifah would become the representative of the Ummah in ruling and authority. .

这一点可以从向哈里发们(愿安拉喜悦他们)所作的效忠(Bay'ah)中得到理解。从欧马尔提名六人的做法,以及奥斯曼(愿安拉喜悦他)效忠时所采取的措施中,可以理解两个问题。这两个问题是:在新哈里发任命期间,有一位临时的埃米尔负责处理事务;以及将提名人选限制为六人。

This is understood from the Ba’yah given to the Khulafa’ al-Rashidun (ra). There are two issues that are understood from ‘Umar’s nomination of six people and from the measures followed in the Bayah of ‘Uthman (ra). These two issues are the presence of a provisional amir that takes care of the period during which the new Khalifah is appointed and limiting the number of nominees to six people. .