在考察哈里发（Khulafaa’ Rashidun）的任命方式后，可以清楚地看到，候选人曾经经过筛选。在贝尼·萨伊代（Bani Sa’idah）的议事厅中，候选人是艾布·伯克尔、欧麦尔、艾布·欧拜代和萨阿德·本·欧巴达。在当时，这些人选已经足够，但欧麦尔和艾布·欧拜代认为没有人能与艾布·伯克尔相提并论，因此他们没有与他竞争。于是，竞争被限定在艾布·伯克尔和萨阿德·本·欧巴达之间。随后，在场的有影响力的人士推举艾布·伯克尔，并向他进行了订约宣誓（Bayah）。次日，穆斯林向艾布·伯克尔效忠宣誓（Bayah of obedience）。

After examining the method of the appointment of the Khulafaa’ Rashidun, it is clear there was short listing of the nominees. In the hall of Bani Sa’idah, the nominees were Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, Abu Ubaydah and Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah. These were enough at the time, but ‘Umar and Abu Ubaidah did not consider anybody equal to Abu Bakr, so they did not challenge him. Thus competition was limited to Abu Bakr and Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah. Then the influential people present in the hall elected Abu Bakr and gave him the contracting Bayah. The next day, the Muslims gave Abu Bakr the Bayah of obedience. .

艾卜·伯克尔推荐欧麦尔作为哈里发人选给穆斯林,没有提出其他人选。穆斯林先向他宣誓效忠以订立契约,随后又宣誓服从。

Abu Bakr nominated ‘Umar to the Muslims for the post of Khalifah, without having any other nominees. The Muslims gave him the contracting Bayah, and then the Bayah of obedience. .

‘Umar提名了六人，并将哈里发之位限定于他们之中，穆斯林可从这六人中选择一位哈里发。阿卜杜·拉赫曼退出提名者之列后，与其余五人商议，将候选人限定为两人：‘Alī和‘Uthmān，两人随后将此事委托给他。经过向民众征询意见，民意最终倾向于‘Uthmān担任哈里发。

‘Umar nominated six people and limited the Khilafah to them, whereby the Muslims were given the choice to choose a Khaleefah from amongst the six. After removing himself from the nominees, Abdul Rahman discussed with the remaining five, limiting the number of candidates to two; Ali and ‘Uthman, after they delegated the matter to him. After investigating the opinions of the people, the opinion settled on ‘Uthman as a Khaleefah. .

关于任命阿里的问题，除了他之外并没有其他人被提名为哈里发，因此麦地那和库法的大多数穆斯林向他宣誓效忠，他成为第四任哈里发。

As for the appointment of ’Ali, there was no other nominee for Khalifah beside him, so the majority of Muslims of al-Madinah and al-Kufah gave him the Bayah, and he became the fourth Khaleefah. .

由于‘Uthman（ra）的宣誓效忠（Bayah）包含了选举哈里发所允许的最长期限，即三天（包括其两夜），并且候选人被限定为六人，之后又缩减为两人，我们将详细讨论这些事件，因为它对正确理解这一问题具有重要价值。 1- ‘Umar（ra）在站立于米哈拉布（mihrab）中礼拜时遭刺伤，那是在公元23年赞勒黑哲月末前四天的星期三黎明。‘Umar（ra）于公元24年穆哈兰姆月初的星期日早晨去世，死因是Abu Lu’luah（愿真主诅咒他）所造成的伤势。根据‘Umar（ra）的遗嘱，Suhaib（ra）为他主持了janazah（葬礼拜）。

Since the Bayah of ‘Uthman (ra) included the maximum period allowed for electing a Khaleefah, i.e. three days including their two nights, as well as the limiting of the nominees to six people, which were shortlisted to two, we are going to discuss these events in detail because of its value in understanding this subject correctly. 1- ‘Umar (ra) was stabbed whilst he was standing in the mihrab praying on the dawn of Wednesday, 4 days before the end of Dhul Hijjah 23 AH. ‘Umar (ra) passed away on Sunday morning, at the beginning of Muharram in 24 AH, as a result of his injury caused by Abu Lu’luah, may Allah curse him. Suhaib (ra) prayed janazah (funeral prayer) on him according to the will of ‘Umar (ra). .

2、当欧麦尔下葬后，米格达德召集了欧麦尔推荐的六位协商委员会成员到一所房子里，由艾布·泰勒哈守卫。他们坐下来相互协商。随后，他们从自己人中委托阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·本·奥夫，经他们同意，由他来从他们之中挑选一位哈里发。

2- When ‘Umar was buried, Al-Miqdad gathered the six people of shura recommended by ‘Umar in a house, which Abu Talha guarded. They sat down consulting with each other. Then they delegated Abdul Rahman ibn Awf from amongst themselves to choose a Khalifah from them, with their consent. .

3- 阿卜杜·拉赫曼开始与他们商议，并逐一询问每个人：“除了你自己，你认为这一群人中谁配得上这一职位？”他们的回答不外乎阿里和奥斯曼。最后，阿卜杜·拉赫曼把此事限定在这两人之中。

3- Abdul Rahman started discussing with them, and asked each one of them: “Apart from yourself, who do you think is worthy of this authority from among this group?" Their answer was not beyond ’Ali and ‘Uthman. Finally, ‘Abd al- Rahman confined the matter to those two. .

4- 此后，正如前文所述，Abd al-Rahman开始与人们协商。

4- After that Abd al-Rahman started consulting the people as was mentioned above. .

5- 周三夜，也就是‘Umar（ra）去世后第三天的夜晚（即周日），‘Abdul Rahman前往他侄子Al-Muswar ibn Makhramah的家中。伊本·凯西尔在其著作《Al-Bidayah Wan-Nihayah》中记载了以下内容：

5- On Wednesday night, i.e. the night of the third day after the death of ‘Umar (ra) (i.e. Sunday), Abdul Rahman went to the house of his nephew, Al- Muswar ibn Makhramah, where Ibn Kathir reports the following in his book Al- Bidayah Wan-Nihayah: .

当“‘Umar去世后第四天”开始的那个夜晚来临时，他来到侄子Al-Muswar ibn Makhramah的家中，说道：“Muswar，你睡着了吗？以真主发誓！自从三天以来，我几乎没有好好睡过觉……”也就是说，自周日早晨‘Umar去世后的三个夜晚，即周一、周二和周三的夜晚。他接着说：“去把‘Ali和‘Uthman为我叫来……”然后他把他们带到清真寺，并召集众人参加公共拜功。这是在周三的黎明时分。接着，他握住‘Ali（ra）的手，问他是否愿意以真主的Book、其Messenger的Sunnah，以及Abu Bakr和‘Umar的做法来宣誓效忠。‘Ali（ra）给出了人们熟知的回答：以Book和Sunnah为准，是的；至于Abu Bakr和‘Umar的做法，他会依自己的ijtihad行事。于是他松开了‘Ali的手，转而握住‘Uthman的手，问了他同样的问题。‘Uthman说：“是的，以真主发誓。”于是对‘Uthman（ra）的宣誓效忠就此完成。

When the night that begins the fourth day after the death of ‘Umar started, he came to the house of his nephew, Al-Muswar ibn Makhramah and said, “Are you sleeping, O Muswar? By Allah! I have not enjoyed much sleep since three…” i.e. the three nights after the death of ‘Umar on Sunday morning, meaning the nights of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. He continued to say, “Go and call ’Ali and ‘Uthman for me…”, then he brought them to the masjid and the people were called to attend a public prayer. This was at dawn on Wednesday. Then he held the hand of Ali (ra) and asked him about taking the Bayah over the book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger and the action of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar. ‘Ali (ra) gave him the well known answer: Over the book and the Sunnah, yes; as for the action of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, he would make his own ijtihad. So, he dropped his hand and held the hand of ‘Uthman and asked him the same question. ‘Uthman said, “Yes, by Allah.” Thus the bayah was concluded to ‘Uthman (ra). .

Suhaib带领众人完成了当天的晨礼（fajr）和晌礼（zuhr）。随后，‘Uthman（ra）作为穆斯林的哈里发，带领众人完成了晡礼（‘asr）。这意味着，尽管对‘Uthman（ra）的效忠誓约（Bayah）始于晨礼时分，Suhaib的领导权直到麦地那有影响力的人士向‘Uthman效忠之后才告终止。这一过程在晡礼前不久才完成，当时圣门弟子们相互召集，去向‘Uthman效忠，一直持续到当天中午过后、晡礼之前。效忠的过程在晡礼前完成，Suhaib的领导权随之结束，‘Uthman作为他们的哈里发，带领众人完成了晡礼。 《al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah》的作者解释了为何尽管‘Uthman在晨礼时已接受效忠，晌礼仍由Suhaib带领。他说：“人们在清真寺里向他效忠，随后他被带到了shura之家（即协商者们聚会的房子），其余的人便在那里向他效忠。看来他直到晌礼之后才完成效忠的接受。因此，Suhaib在先知的清真寺里带领众人完成了那次晌礼。所以，‘Uthman以哈里发、信士的长官（amir ul-mu’minin）身份带领穆斯林的第一场礼拜，便是晡礼（salat al-‘asr）。”

Suhaib led the people in the fajr and zuhr prayers of that day. Then ‘Uthman (ra) led the people in the ‘asr prayer as the Khalifah of the Muslims. This means that despite the contracting Bayah to ‘Uthman (ra) starting at the fajr prayer, the leadership of Suhaib did not expire except after the Bayah of the influential people in al-Madinah to ‘Uthman. This was completed little before ’Asr, when the Sahabah summoned each other to give bayah to ‘Uthman until after the middle of that day had passed and before asr. When the taking of the Bayah was completed before asr the leadership of Suhaib finished, and ‘Uthman led the people in the asr prayer as their Khalifah. The author of al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah explains why Suhaib led the people in the zuhr prayer though ‘Uthman took the Bayah at fajr. He says: “The people gave him the Bayah in the masjid, then he was taken to the house of shura (i.e. the house where the people of shura met), so the rest of the people gave him the Bayah. It seems he did not finish taking the Bayah until after zuhr. So, Suhaib prayed that zuhr in the Prophet’s mosque, thus the first prayer in which the Khalifah, amir ul-mu’minin, ‘Uthman led the Muslims was salat al-asr.” .

关于‘Umar受伤的那一天、他去世的那一天以及向‘Uthman宣誓效忠（bayah）的那一天，有一些传闻存在差异。然而，我们力求只提及证据最为有力的那一种说法。

There are some reported differences about the days in which ‘Umar was injured, the day of his death and the day of bayah to ‘Uthman. However we have endeavoured to mention the report with the strongest evidence. .

因此,在哈里发职位因去世或罢免而空缺之后,提名哈里发时必须考虑以下事项:1- 任命哈里发的工作必须日夜进行,直至任务完成。

Consequently the following matters must be considered when making nominations for the post of Khilafah after it becomes vacant (through death or dismissal), which are: 1- The work to appoint a Khaleefah must be done day and night until the task is completed. .

2- 候选人必须根据是否符合合同条件进行初步筛选，这一事务由“马札利姆法院”（mahkamat al-mazalim）负责进行。

2- Nominees have to be shortlisted in terms of fulfilling the contractual conditions, a matter that is conducted by the mahkamat al-mazalim. .

3- 候选人经过两轮筛选：先从中缩减为六人，再缩减为两人。这一筛选由乌玛的议会以乌玛代表的身份进行。原因在于，乌玛委托欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）代表他们，欧麦尔提名了六人；这六位候选人又从他们之中推选出一位代表，即阿卜杜·拉赫曼，他在经过协商后将候选人缩减为两人。因此，整个过程的依据是乌玛的议会，也就是其代表。

3- Nominees are short listed twice: to six, and then to two. The council of the Ummah conducts this short listing as representatives of the Ummah. This is because the Ummah delegated ‘Umar (ra) to represent them, who nominated six people, and the six nominees delegated a representative from amongst themselves, Abul Rahman, who shortlisted the nominees to two after discussion. Thus, the reference in all of this is the Ummah’s council, i.e. its representatives. .

4- 临时埃米尔的职责在哈里发完成效忠宣誓（Bayah）之后即告结束，而不是在宣布选举结果时结束。苏海布的领导并不是在奥斯曼当选时结束的，而是在他的效忠宣誓完成时结束的。

4- The task of the provisional amir expires after the completion of the taking of the Bayah by the Khalifah, rather than by the announcement of the results. The leadership of Suhaib did not finish by the election of ‘Uthman, but rather by the completion of his Bayah. .

因此，将颁布一项法律，规定在三天（包括其夜晚）之内选举哈里发的方式。该法律已经制定，并将在适当的时候进行讨论和通过，如果真主意愿。

Accordingly, a law will be issued that determines the way of electing the Khalifah during the three days including their nights. This law has already been enacted, and it will be discussed and adopted at the right time, insha’allah. .

这种情况是这样的:如果曾经有一位哈里发,他去世或被罢免了,就需要任命一位哈里发来接替他。然而,如果根本没有哈里发,穆斯林就有义务任命一位哈里发,以实施伊斯兰教法,并将伊斯兰的宣教(da'wah)传播到全世界,自从1924年3月3日(即1342年回历拉injab月28日)伊斯兰哈里发制度在伊斯坦布尔被废除以来,情况便是如此。在这种情况下,伊斯兰世界中的每一个穆斯林国家都适合任命一位哈里发,哈里发之位将授予他。因此,如果某个穆斯林国家向一位哈里发效忠宣誓(Bayah),哈里发之位因此确立于他身上,那么其他国家的穆斯林就有义务向他效忠宣誓,即顺从他权威的宣誓。这要在他的国家中的民众通过效忠宣誓而确立哈里发之位之后才成立。然而,在该国必须满足以下条件:

This is the case if there was a Khalifah and he passed away or was removed, and a Khaleefah needs to be appointed to replace him. However, if there is no Khaleefah at all, it becomes obligatory upon the Muslims to appoint a Khaleefah, to implement the rules of the Shariah and to carry the Islamic da’wah to the world, as is currently the case since the removal of the Islamic Khilafah in Istanbul, on 28th Rajab 1342 H (3rd March 1924). In such a situation, every one of the Muslim countries in the Islamic world is suitable to appoint a Khalifah, and the Khilafah would be concluded to him. So, if one of the Muslim countries gave the Bayah to a Khaleefah, and the Khilafah was concluded to him, it becomes obligatory upon the Muslims in the other countries to give him the Bayah of obedience, i.e. a bayah of submission to his authority. This is after the Khilafah has been concluded to him through the Bayah of the people of his country. However, the following conditions have to be fulfilled in that country: .

1. 国家的权力必须掌握在穆斯林手中，而不是掌握在非伊斯兰国家手中，也不能处于非伊斯兰势力的影响之下。

1. The authority of the country must be in the hands of the Muslims and not in the hands of a non-Islamic country or under a non-Islamic influence. .

2. 该国穆斯林的安全必须由伊斯兰来保障，即其国内外的保护应以伊斯兰的名义，并由伊斯兰力量实施，排除其他一切力量。

2. The security of the Muslims in that country must be guaranteed by Islam, i.e. its protection at home and abroad should be in the name of Islam and by Islamic forces to the exclusion of all others. .

3. 伊斯兰的实施应当立即生效，并且要全面而彻底地进行；哈里发必须参与伊斯兰讯息的传达。

3. The implementation of Islam should take place with immediate effect in a comprehensive and radical manner; the Khalifah must be involved in the conveying of the Islamic Message. .

4. 哈里发必须履行所有合约条件，即便他未必履行那些可取的条件，因为真正重要的是合约的条件。

4. The Khalifah must fulfil all the contractual conditions, although he might not fulfil the preferred conditions, since what really matters are the conditions of the contract. .

如果该国满足这四个条件,那么哈里发国家仅凭该国的效忠(Bay'ah)即可建立,哈里发制度也仅由该国完成。被他们效忠的哈里发即成为合法的哈里发,而向其他人效忠都是无效的。此后若有任何国家向另一位哈里发效忠,其效忠因先知ﷺ的圣训而无效:

Should that country satisfy these four conditions then the Khilafah would be established by the Bayah of that country alone, and the Khilafah would be concluded by her alone. The Khalifah to whom they gave the Bay’ah would become the legitimate Khalifah, and any Bay’ah to other than him would be invalid. Any country that might give the Bayah to another Khalifah after that, his Bayah would be invalid, due to the saying of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H): .

“如果有人向两位哈里发宣誓效忠，那就杀掉后一位。”（穆斯林，《萨希赫》，第1853条）

“If Bay’ah was taken to two Khaleefah, then kill the latter of them.” [Muslim, Sahih, #1853] .

“履行先前那位的效忠誓约，然后是先前的那位。”（布哈里，《圣训实录》，第3455条）

“Fulfil the Bayah of the first, then the first.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #3455].

“谁向某位伊玛目宣誓效忠，把手交给他，把心中的诚意献给他，就让他尽力服从他。如果有人前来争夺他的权威，就打断那人的头。”[穆斯林，《圣训实录》，#1844]

“Whoever gave Bayah to an imam, giving him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of heart, let him obey him as much as he could. If anybody else came to challenge his authority, then strike the head of the latter.” [Muslim, Sahih, #1844] .