8.8 第六:内部安全
8.8 Sixthly: The Internal Security
内部安全部负责与内部安全有关的一切事务,由内部安全经理领导。该部门在每个维拉亚(wilayah)设有一个分支,称为内部安全科,由该维拉亚的警长(sahib al-shurtah)领导;在执行方面,他受维里(wali)的领导。在行政方面,他则隶属于内部安全部,具体事宜将由专门的法律加以规范。
The Department of Internal security is responsible for anything pertaining to internal security and headed by the manager of internal security. This department would have a branch in each wilayah called the internal security section, which will be headed by sahib al-shurtah in the wilayah, who will be under the responsibility of the wali in terms of execution. He would follow the department of internal security pertaining to administration; a matter that would be organised by a special law. .
内部安全部门是负责管理一切与安全相关事务的部门。它通过使用警察力量(shurtah)来负责维护国内的安全。这是维护安全的主要手段。因此,内部安全部门可以随时、以任何它认为合适的方式使用警察,其命令必须立即执行。然而,如果警察需要武装部队的协助,则须向哈里发提交请求。他可以命令军队协助内部安全部门,或为其提供一支军事力量以协助维护安全,也可以下达他认为适当的任何命令。他也有权拒绝此类请求,并要求警察自行完成该任务。
The internal security department is the department responsible for administering everything linked to security. It takes charge of maintaining security within the country through use of the police force (shurtah). This is the main means to maintaining security. Hence it is permissible for the internal security department to use the police at any time, in any way it likes, and its orders must be implemented immediately. However, if the police require the help of the armed forces a request is submitted to the Khalifah. He can order the army to help the internal security department or to provide it with a military force to help it in maintaining the security, or he can issue any order he sees fit. He is also entitled to refuse such requests and demand that the police carry out the task themselves. .
警察部队由具有公民身份的成年男性组成。允许女性加入警察部队,以满足与内部安全部门职责相关的妇女需求。将依据神圣的律法为此颁布专门的法律。
The police force consists of the mature male that carries the citizenship. Women are allowed to join the police so as to provide the needs for women that are related to the tasks of the internal security department. A special law will be issued related to this according to the divine rules. .
警察部队分为两个部分:军队的警察,以及在统治者指挥下工作的警察。后者必须穿着特定的制服,并佩戴专门用于维护治安的标志。
Police forces are divided into two parts: The police of the army, and the police that work under the command of the ruler, who must have a special uniform and special signs specific for keeping security. .
艾兹哈里说:"任何事物的shurtah是其中最好的部分。这包括shurat,因为他们是最优秀的士兵。也有人说,shurtah是最先走在军队前面的一群人。还有记载称,他们被叫做shurat,是因为他们有使他们显得与众不同的标志,包括服饰和身份方面的标志。"这一说法被阿斯玛伊所采纳。《al-Qamus》中也有记载:"Shurtah,其个体被称为shurat,指最先参加战斗、准备好赴死的先锋队,也是官员(walis)的助手;他们之所以得此名,是因为他们通过使自己与众不同的标志来表明自己的身份。"
Al-Azhari said: “shurtah of anything is its best. This includes shurat because they are the best soldiers. It is also said that shurtah are the first group that come ahead of the army. It is also mentioned that they are called shurat because they have signs that characterise them, in terms of uniform and status”. This is chosen by Al-Asma'i. It is also mentioned in Al-Qamus: “Shurtah, where the individual is called shurat, would mean the first battalion that attend the war and is ready for death, it is also the helper of the walis; and they were called so because they announced themselves through signs that characterise them.” .
关于军队的警察(军事宪兵)(这是军队的一个分支,有其标志,走在军队前面以管理其事务),请您审阅这句话!军队的警察是军队的一部分,隶属于圣战的指挥官,即隶属于战争部。至于被置于统治者服务之下的沙尔塔(shurtah,治安警察),他们隶属于内政安全部。布哈里从艾奈斯处传述:
In regards to the police of the army (military police), (which is one of the divisions of the army that has its sign, comes in front of the army to control its matter) Please review this sentence!. The police of the army is a part of the army and follows the amir of jihad, i.e. it follows the war department. Regarding the shurtah that are put under the service of the rulers, they follow the department of internal security. Al-Bukhari narrated from Anas: .
“那位名叫盖斯·本·萨德的人,过去在先知(愿主赐福他,并使他平安)面前,所处的位置如同统领面前的卫兵。”(布哈里,《圣训实录》,第7155条)。此处所指的是盖斯·本·萨德·本·欧拜达·安萨里·海兹拉吉。提尔米兹也有记载:
“That Qays ibn Sa’d used to be in front of the Prophet (PBUH) in the position of the policeman towards the amir”. Bukhari, Sahih, #7155]. What is meant here is Qays ibn Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah al-Ansari al-Khazraji. Al-Tirmidhi narrated it: .
哈里发有权将负责内部安全的所有警察纳入军队,即将他们置于战争部之内。他也有权设立一个独立的部门,即内部安全部。
The Khalifah is allowed to make all the police that are responsible for internal security part of the army, i.e. they are placed within the war department. He is also permitted to make an independent department i.e. an internal security department. .
然而,我们采纳这一部队的独立性,即被安排在统治者身边、负责保护其安全的警察(shurtah),必须隶属于内部安全部门,作为一个独立机构直接向哈里发负责,如同国家的其他机构一样。这是基于前面提到的、由盖斯·本·萨阿德传述的那段圣训,也是基于前文提及的、与圣战相关的四个部门可能独立所带来的威胁;每一个部门都应直接隶属于哈里发,而不应合并为一个机构。
However, we adopt the independence of this force, i.e. the shurtah that are placed under the service of the rulers to protect their security must follow the internal security department as an independent organisation that answer directly to the Khalifah, like other State organisations. This is due to the mentioned hadith narrated from Qays ibn Sa'd, and due to the threat of independence of the four departments related to jihad as mentioned before; each one of them would follow the Khalifah, rather than be left as one organisation. .
因此,shurtah(警察)会隶属于内政安全部门,而先知(愿主赐福并使其平安)在埃米尔(amir)的警察职位上……艾哈迈德·安萨里说:这意味着他是处理其事务的人之一。
Thus the shurtah would follow the department of internal security.e Prophet (PBUH) in the position of the policeman for the amir. Al-Ansari said: It means he was one of the people that discharged his issues”.
内部安全部门的职责:
The tasks of the internal security department:
内部安全部门的任务是维护国家安全。可能导致内部安全遭到破坏的行为有很多,包括:背离伊斯兰教(叛教)、通过破坏性活动和破坏行为(例如罢工或占领国家的重要中心)表现出来的反国家行为,以及对私人、公共或国家财产的侵犯。也可能表现为以武力反抗国家。
The task of the Internal security Department is maintaining the security of the State. The actions that could lead to a breach of internal security are many which include: Apostasy from Islam, rebellion against the State manifested in destructive activities and actions of sabotage e.g. strike or the occupation of vital centres of the State, and aggression against private, public, or State property. It might also be through rebellion against the State by use of arms. .
破坏内部安全的其他行为还包括:通过盗窃、抢劫、掠夺、侵占等方式侵犯他人财产;通过殴打、伤害、杀人等方式侵害他人人身安全;以及通过撒谎、诽谤、强奸等方式损害他人名誉。
Other actions which undermine internal security include the attack on the property of people by theft, looting, robbery, misappropriation, as well as attacks on people through assault, injuring, and killing in addition to attacks on their honour through lying, slandering and raping. .
内部安全部门的另一项任务是处理嫌疑人,保护乌玛和国家免受他们的危险和伤害。这些是最可能威胁内部安全的行为。内部安全部门保护国家和人民免受所有这些行为的侵害。因此,凡被宣布为叛教者、若不悔改则判处死刑的人,由该部门执行死刑判决。如果宣布叛教的是一群人,则必须与他们沟通,请他们回归伊斯兰教;如果他们悔改、回归伊斯兰并遵守沙里亚的规定,国家不应惩罚他们。如果……
One of the other tasks of the internal security department is to deal with suspects and protecting the Ummah and the State of their danger and harm. These are the most important actions that could threaten the internal security. The department of internal security protects the State and the people from all these actions. Therefore whoever is declared an apostate, and is sentenced to death if he did not repent, this department executes the death sentence. If those who declare apostasy are a group, then they have to communicate with them and ask them to return to Islam, and the State should not punish them if they repent, return to Islam and abided by the shar' rules. If however, .
如果他们坚持叛教,就要与他们作战。如果他们人数不多,仅凭警察力量就能对付他们,那么就应当进行讨伐;但如果他们人数众多,警察力量无法制服他们,那么就必须请求哈里发为他们增派武装力量协助。如果这支武装力量仍不足够,就必须请求哈里发命令军队为他们提供支援。
they insist on apostasy then they are fought against. If they are small in number and the police force alone is able to fight against them then they must proceed to do so, but if they are large in number and the police force is unable to overpower them then they have to request the Khalifah to provide them with additional military force to help them. If this military force is not sufficient, then they must ask the Khalifah to order the army to provide them with assistance. .
关于叛教者的内容如下。至于那些反抗国家的人,如果他们不使用武器,而仅限于通过罢工、示威、占领国家的重要场所,或通过拆毁来侵犯私人、公共和国家财产,进行破坏和蓄意破坏,那么内部安全部门只限于动用警察力量来阻止此类破坏行为。如果它无法阻止这种侵犯,就请求哈里发为其提供军事力量,以制止这种破坏和蓄意破坏。
This is concerning apostates. However in regards to people who rebel against the State, if they do not use arms and limit themselves to destruction and sabotage by strikes, demonstrations, occupation of vital centres of the State, or aggression against private, public and State properties through demolition, then the internal security department restricts itself to using the police force in order to prevent such destructive actions. If it is not able to prevent the aggression, it requests the Khalifah to provide it with a military force in order to stop the destruction and sabotage. .