“瓦利”（Waali，总督）是哈里发任命为哈里发国家某个“维拉耶”（Wilayah，省）的统治者和埃米尔（Ameer，长官）的人。

The Waali (governor) is the person whom the Khaleefah appoints as ruler and Ameer over a Wilayah (province) of the Khilafah State.

伊斯兰国所统治的领土将被划分为若干省，每个省称为"Wilayah"（省）。各省又划分为若干区，每个区称为"I'mala"（区）。被任命管辖"Wilayah"的人称为"Waali"（省长）或"Ameer"（埃米尔），被任命管辖"I'mala"的人称为"'Amil"（区长）或"Hakim"（统治者）。

The territories that the Islamic State rules over would be divided into provinces and each province would be known as Wilayah. The Wilayah would in turn be divided into districts and each district would be known as I’mala. The person appointed over the Wilayah would be known as the Waali, or an Ameer, and the person appointed over the I’mala would be known as the ‘Amil or the Hakim (ruler).

因此,Waali(瓦里)即是统治者,因为Wilayah(威拉耶)的意思就是统治。在辞书《A-lMuhit》中,它被解释为Imarah(领导权)和权威。该职位需要由哈里发任命,或由其授权的人代为任命。因此,只有哈里发才能任命Waali。Wilayah或Imarah这一职位,即Wulah或Ameers的设立,可追溯到先知ﷺ的做法。已经证实,先知ﷺ曾任命各地的Wulah,并赋予他们统治所辖省份的权力。先知ﷺ任命穆阿兹·本·哲白勒为哲纳德的长官,任命吉雅德·本·拉比德为哈德拉毛的长官,任命艾卜·穆萨·艾什尔里为宰比德和亚丁的长官。

The Waali is therefore a ruler, for the Wilayah means the ruling. In the dictionary A-lMuhit, it has been defined as being the Imarah (leadership) and the authority. It requires an appointment by the Khaleefah or by whoever is delegated to do so on his behalf. Therefore, the Khaleefah can only appoint the Waali. The origin of the post of Wilayah or the Imarah i.e. the Wulah or the Ameers goes back to the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). It has been confirmed that He (pbuh) appointed Wulah over the countries and that He gave them the right to rule over their provinces. He (pbuh) appointed Mu’az Ibnu Jabal over Al-Janad, Zyad Ibnu Labeed over Hadhramawt and Abu Moussa Al-Ash’ari over Zabeed and Aden.

瓦里（Waali）是哈里发的副手，代表哈里发行使哈里发所授权他执行的职权。依照沙里尔的规定，瓦利亚（Wilayah，即治理权）并无具体的限定范围，因此，凡哈里发任命代表他在某一政务上行使职权的人，在该事务上即为瓦里，其权限依照哈里发任命时所用的条款而定。然而，对各国的瓦利亚则有地域上的界定，因为真主的使者ﷺ曾经明确指定他所任命的瓦里所管辖的区域，即他授予埃米尔（Ameer）伊玛拉（Imarah）的地方。

The Waali is the deputy of the Khaleefah; He performs what the Khaleefah authorises Him to do on his behalf. According to Shar’a, the Wilayah has no specific limit, thus any body appointed by the Khaleefah to act on his behalf over any matter of ruling would be a Waali in that matter in accordance with the terms the Khaleefah used in his appointment. However, the Wilayah over countries is geographically specified, because the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to specify the area over which He appointed the Waali, i.e. where He invests the Ameer with the Imarah.

有两种类型的“Wilayah”（统治权/治理权）：一般性的与特定性的。一般性的包括该统治范围内的所有治理事务。任命某人担任此职，意味着哈里发将某国或某省的“Imarah”（统治权）委托给“Waali”（总督/地方长官），作为对该国或该省全体民众的统治权，用以监督所有日常事务。因此，他负有全面监督的责任。至于特定性的“Imarah”（统治权），则是指该“Ameer”（长官）的权限仅限于管理武装力量、治理民众、保卫领土，或保护该国或该省的妇女和儿童。他无权过问司法事务，也不得征收Kharaj（土地税）和Sadaqah（天课）。 真主的使者ﷺ既任命过具有一般职责的“Wulah”（官员，即Wilayah ‘Aammah，一般性统治权），例如他任命‘Amru ibn Hazm管理也门；也任命过具有特定职责的官员（Wilayah Khassa，特定性统治权），例如他任命Ali bin Abi Talib负责也门的司法。哈里发们遵循了真主使者ﷺ的做法。‘Umar Ibnul-Khattab任命Mu’aiwya bin Abi Sufyan为沙姆地区的一般性“Waali”（总督）；而Ali bin Abi Talib任命‘Abdullah bin Abbas管理巴士拉，授予其特定性的权力（Wilayah Khassa）以处理所有事务，唯独财政事务除外，财政事务另委任给了Ziad。 在早期，曾存在两种统治权：Salah的统治权与Kharaj的统治权。因此，我们发现史书在提及长官的统治权时使用了两种说法：其一是对Salah的Imarah（统治权），其二是对Salah与Kharaj的Imarah（统治权）。换言之，长官可以同时被任命管理Salah与Kharaj，也可以仅管理Salah，或仅管理Kharaj。“Salah”一词在“Wilayah”或“Imarah”的语境中，并不仅指带领民众礼拜，而是指管理除财政以外的一切事务，因为“Salah”一词也被用来指统治，但不包括征收财政。 因此,如果总督(Waali)将萨拉特(Salah)与哈拉吉(Kharaj)合并管理,其威权(Wilayah)便属于普遍性的(Wilayah ‘Aammah)。若其威权仅限于萨拉特或哈拉吉,则属于特定性的(Wilayah Khaassah)。无论哪种情形,这都由哈里发自行安排,因为他有权将威权限定于哈拉吉,或限定于司法事务,或将威权限定于哈拉吉、司法和军队之外的其他事务。他可以做他认为最有利于该省或该威权治理的安排。这是因为沙里阿并未为总督规定某些固定职责,也并不要求他履行统治的全部职能。然而,沙里阿确定了总督或埃米尔的职责是统治与权力,并且他是哈里发的代理人,应在特定区域内担任埃米尔。这一切都源自安拉的使者ﷺ的行为。此外,沙里阿允许哈里发根据自己的判断,任命总督担任普遍性的威权('Aammah)或特定性的威权(Khaassah),而这一切都体现在安拉的使者ﷺ的行为之中。

There are two types of Wilayah: general and specific. The general one includes all the ruling matters within the Wilayah. Appointing someone to that Wilayah would mean that the Khaleefah delegates to the Waali the Imarah of a country or a province, as a Wilayah over all its people for supervising all the normal functions. Thus He would have a general responsibility of supervision. As for the specific Imarah, this means that the Ameer would be restricted to running the armed forces, governing the citizens, protecting the territories, or defending the women and children in that country or province. He does not have a say in the judiciary or the collecting of Kharaj and Sadaqah. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Wulah with general responsibilities (Wilayah ‘Aammah), such as when He appoimted ‘Amru ibn Hazm over Yemen. He also appointed Wulah with specific functions (Wilayah Khassa), such as when He appointed Ali bin Abi Talib over the judiciary in Yemen. The Khulafaa’ followed in the Messenger of Allah’s (pbuh) footsteps. ‘Umar Ibnul-Khattab appointed Mu’aiwya bin Abi Sufyan as general Waali over Ash-Sham, while Ali bin Abi Talib appointed ‘Abdullah bin Abbas over Basra with restrictive powers (Wilayah Khassa) to run all the affairs except for the funds, which was assigned to Ziad There used to be two types of Wilayah in the early times; the Wilayah of Salah and the Wilayah of Kharaj. Therefore we find that history books use two terms in their reference to the Wilayah of Ameers: The first is the Imarah over the Salah and the other the Imarah over the Salah and the Kharaj. In other words the Ameer could either be appointed over both the Salah and the Kharaj, or over the Salah only or over the Kharaj only. The word Salah, in the context of the Wilayah or the Imarah, does not mean only leading the people in their prayer, but it means governing all their affairs except the funds. This is because the word Salah is used to mean ruling except for the levy of funds. Therefore, if the Waali had combined both the Salah and the Kharaj, his Wilayah would then be general (Wilayah ‘Aammah). If his Wilayah had been restricted to the Salah or the Kharaj, his Wilayah would then be specific (Wilayah Khaassah). Either way, this would be left to the Khaleefah’s own arrangements, as He reserves the right to restrict the Wilayah to the Kharaj, or to the judiciary, or He could confine the Wilayah to other than the Kharaj, the judiciary and the army. He could do what He deems best for the running of the province or the Wilayah. This is because Shar’a has not determined for the Waali certain duties, and it is not obliged that He should perform all the duties of ruling. It has, however, determined that the Waali’s or the Ameer’s duties be ruling and authority, and that He is the deputy of the Khaleefah, and He should be an Ameer over a specific area. All this is derived from the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). However Shar’a entitles the Khaleefah to appoint a Waali as either a general Wilayah (‘Aammah) or a specific one (Khaassah) according to his own discretion, and all this is reflected in the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).

据伊本·希沙姆的《圣训传记》所载，安拉的使者ﷺ任命法瓦·本·穆赛克管理穆拉德、祖拜尔和米兹哈季等部落。他派遣哈立德·本·赛义德·本·阿斯与其同行，任其为征收天课的官员（Waali）。该书还提到，安拉的使者ﷺ派遣齐亚德·本·拉比德·安萨里任哈达拉茅特及其天课的官员（Waali）。他又派遣阿里·本·艾比·塔利卜前往奈季兰征收当地的天课和人头税（jizyah）。据哈基姆所传，他还任命阿里为也门的法官。在《伊斯提阿布》一书中提到，安拉的使者ﷺ派遣穆阿兹·本·哲白勒前往贾纳德，教导人们《古兰经》和伊斯兰律法，并在他们之间进行裁决。他还授权穆阿兹向也门的征收官（'Aamileen）收取天课。伊本·希沙姆的《圣训传记》还记载，安拉的使者ﷺ出征乌侯德时，任命伊本·乌姆·马克图姆主持麦地那的拜功。

It was mentioned in the Seerah of ibn Hisham that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Farwa bin Musayk over the tribes of Murad, Zubair and Mizhaj. He sent Khalid bin Sa’eed bin Al-’Ass with Him as Waali over the Sadaqah. It also mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Ziad bin Labeed Al-Ansari as a Waali over Hadhramawt and its Sadaqah. He also sent ‘Ali bin Abi Talib to Najran to collect their Sadaqah and their jizyah. He also sent him, as a judge over Yemen, as reported by Al- Haakim. In the book of Isti’aab it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Mu’az bin Jabal to Al-Janad to teach the people about the Qur’an, the laws of Islam and to judge between them. He authorised Him as well to collect the Sadaqah from the ‘Aamileen in Yemen. The Seerah of ibn Hisham also reports that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed ibn Umm Maktum over the Salah in Al-Madinah when He went out for Uhud.