8 圣战的埃米尔
8 The Ameer of Jihad
圣战埃米尔是哈里发任命的负责管理和监督外交事务、军事事务、内部安全和工业事务的人。
The Ameer of Jihad is the person whom the Khaleefah appoints as an Ameer over matters of foreign affairs, military affairs, internal security and industry in order to supervise and administer.
他被称为"圣战之艾米尔",尽管他管理这四个部门,因为这些部门都与圣战相关。因此,外交事务无论在和平时期还是战争时期,都依照圣战的需要来处理。军事部门与进行圣战的军队相关,涉及其编组、准备和武装。内部安全与国家的保卫和维护相关,也与维护国内安全相关,例如通过使用作为圣战准备的军队一部分的警察力量来应对叛乱者和拦路抢劫。工业部门负责为军队提供武器和装备,以服务于圣战的目的。因此,由于所有这些事务都与圣战相关,他便被称为"圣战之艾米尔"。
He is named the Ameer of Jihad, although He supervises these four departments, because all these departments are linked to Jihad. Hence foreign affairs, whether at time of peace or war, are run according to the requirements of Jihad. The military department is linked to the armies that fight Jihad, in its formation, preparation and armament. Internal security is linked to the preservation and protection of the state as well as the preservation of security inside the state, e.g. in dealing with rebels, highway robbery through the use of the police force that is part of the army that is prepared for Jihad. The industrial department involves itself in supplying arms and equipment to the army for the purpose of Jihad. Thus since all these issues are linked to Jihad, accordingly He was called Ameer of Jihad.
他被称为“圣战的艾米尔”,尽管他并不是统治者。这是因为他频繁发布命令,而其职责范围广泛。“艾米尔”一词的形式为“Fa'eel”,是名词性分词“Aamir”(指挥官)的最高级形容词。这是因为他日夜发出的命令众多。这与“Raheem”(慈悲的)一词相似,它是名词性分词“Raahim”的最高级形容词,源于他(SWT)所赐予的无限慈悲。圣战艾米尔的管理机构由四个部门组成,分别是:
He is called the Ameer of Jihad, though He is not a ruler. This is due to the frequent orders He issues, because of his wide area of responsibility. For the term Ameer is in the form of ‘Fa’eel’ which is a superlative adjective of the noun participle Aamir (the commander). This is due to the numerous orders, which He issues at day and night. This is similar to the word ‘Raheem’ –merciful, the superlative adjective of noun participle ‘Raahim’, due to the infinite mercy that He (swt) grants. The directorate of the Ameer of Jihad consists of four departments, which are:
外交事务部,
1) Foreign Affairs Department,
战争部,
2) War Department,
内部安全部门,
3) Internal Security Department,
4) 工业事务部
4) Industrial Affairs Department,
这些部门由圣战首领(Ameer of Jihad)监督和管理。
These departments are supervised and administered by the Ameer of Jihad.
圣战是伊斯兰教规定的、向世界传达伊斯兰信息的方式。在内部实施伊斯兰律法之后,传播伊斯兰宣教被视为伊斯兰国家的主要职能。因此,圣战的规则包括战争、和平、停火和条约的规则。它们还包括与其他国家和实体的对外关系,以及军队的规则,包括军队的准备、训练,以及指挥官、战旗和军旗的选择。它们还包括军队的武器系统,以及军事工业提供补给的必要性,通过这些准备,使其能够震慑明显的和隐藏的敌人。它们也包括在国家内部强制执行法律的规则,以及防止任何反抗国家的行为、应对叛乱、拦路抢劫、扰乱内部安全和侵害公民的罪行的规则。
Jihad is the method defined by Islam to convey the Message of Islam to the world. Conveying the Islamic Da’wa is considered the main function of the Islamic state after implementing the rules of Islam internally. Therefore, the rules of Jihad include the rules of war, peace, cease-fire and treaties. They also include foreign relations with other states and entities, as well as the rules of the army, its preparation, and training and choosing its commanders, banners and flags. They also include the weaponry systems of the army and the necessity to be supplied by military-orientated industry through which the preparation would be completed in such a way that it achieves the intimidation of the apparent and hidden enemy. They also include the rules of forcing the law inside the state, as well as the prevention of any rebellion against the state, dealing with revolts, highway robbery, fiddling with the internal security and crimes against her citizens.
先知ﷺ过去亲自处理圣战的一切事务,在他之后,他的哈里发们也遵循这一做法。先知ﷺ和哈里发们会指派某些人负责圣战中的部分或全部事务,包括军队的准备、实际的作战、缔结和平与停战协议、对外交往,以及讨伐叛乱者和叛教者。
The Messenger (pbuh) used to run all the affairs of Jihad by himself, and after Him his Khulafaa’ followed suit. The Messenger (pbuh) and the Khulafaa’ used to appoint certain people to carry out some or all the actions of Jihad, whether the preparation of the army, carrying out the actual fighting, concluding peace and cease-fires, the foreign communications, or fighting the rebels and apostates.
既然已经确定:哈里发自己能够亲自执行的行为,他可以委托他人代为执行。因此,任命圣战总指挥(Ameer of Jihad)以及设立其管理机构是不合法的。
It has already been established that actions, which the Khaleefah can perform by himself, He is allowed to delegate someone else to perform on his behalf. Therefore the appointment of the Ameer of Jihad and the establishment of his directorate is illegitmate.
由于其部门与圣战及其规定相关,这意味着外交事务也必须纳入其中,因为一切外交事务都以传播伊斯兰的召唤为基础。它也包括军事事务,因为圣战是为了使安拉的话语至高无上而进行的斗争。作战需要组建军队,也需要准备并任命指挥官、参谋人员和士兵,此外还包括训练、给养和物资供应。
Since his directorate is related to Jihad and its rules, this means that foreign affairs must be included because all foreign affairs are based on carrying the Islamic call. It also includes military affairs because Jihad is the fight to raise the word of Allah the highest. The formation of an army is required for fighting as well as the preparation and appointment of commanders, staff and soldiers, in addition to training, provisions and supplies.
军队需要武器,而武器又依赖于工业的存在。因此,拥有工业是圣战军队的必要条件。由此可见,国家境内的所有工厂都应以战争工业为基础,工业也应服务于圣战与圣战的领袖(Ameer)。
The army needs weapons that, in turn, are dependent on the existence of industry. Hence possessing an industry is a requirement for the army of Jihad. Thus all factories within the state should be based upon war industry, and accordingly industry should follow Jihad and the Ameer of Jihad.
随着军队履行圣战以将伊斯兰的召唤传向世界,它同时也守卫国家、保护国家。因此,与叛乱分子、不法之徒和拦路抢劫者作战,是军队的职责之一。由此可见,内部安全依赖于圣战、圣战的埃米尔及其指挥部。这证明圣战指挥部应设有四个部门,即外交事务部、军事事务部、内部安全部和工业部。
As the army performs Jihad to carry the Da’wa to the world, it also guards the state and protects it. Therefore, fighting against rebels, outlaws and highway robbers is one of the duties of the army. Thus, internal security depends on Jihad, the Ameer of Jihad and his directorate. This is the proof that the directorate of Jihad should have four departments, which are the foreign affairs, military affairs, internal security and industry.