4.9 寻求哈里发制度
4.9 Seeking the Khilafah
争取哈里发职位并为之竞争,对所有穆斯林而言都是合法的,并不是makruh(可憎的);从来没有任何经文表明它是被禁止的。已经证实,穆斯林在Banu Sa'ida的会堂中为此竞争,而先知(愿主福安之)尚未下葬,仍躺在床上。也已证实,协商委员会(Shura)的六位成员,都是资深的圣门弟子,他们为此职位竞争,是在圣门弟子面前进行的,没有人责备他们,反而同意了这种竞争。这表明,圣门弟子之间已经形成了一致意见(Ijmaa'),即争取哈里发职位是允许的,申请该职位并为之拉票,提出论据、观点、建议等以实现这一目标,也是允许的。至于圣训中禁止谋求领导权(Imarah)的部分,那是针对不适合担任此职的弱者,例如Abu Dharr。而适合担任领导职务的人,则有Banu Sa'idah会堂的事例和协商委员会六人的事例作为依据,允许他们谋求此职。因此,这些圣训specifically针对那些不具备资格的人,无论是Imarah还是Khilafah。先知(愿主福安之)并没有责备那位具备资格而去争取的人,而是任命了请求此职的人。既然先知(愿主福安之)将Imarah任命给了请求它的人,那么他禁止的是那些不适合者谋求此职,因此这并不是一项绝对的禁令。
To seek the Khilafah post and compete over it is lawful to all the Muslims and it is not Makruh; no text has ever been listed indicating its prohibition. It has been confirmed that the Muslims competed for it in the hall of Banu Sa’ida while the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was lying on his bed still unburied. It has also been confirmed that the six members of the Shura council who were all senior Sahabah competed over the post, in the presence of the Sahabah and no one had reproached them but rather consented to this competition. This demonstrates that a consensus (‘Ijmaa’) of the Sahabah has been established about the permissibility of competing for the Khilafah post and the permissibility of applying for the post and campaigning for it by putting forward the arguments and opinions, proposals etc for the aim of achieving that goal. As for the prohbition of seeking the Imarah (authority) that came in the Ahadith, it is forbidding the weak persons, like Abu Dharr, who are not deemed suitable for it. But those who are suitable for the Imarah are permitted to seek it by the evidence of the courtyard of Bani Saa’idah and the incident of the six people of the Shura. Therefore, the Ahadith are specific to those who are not qualified for the post, whether it was Imarah or Khilafah, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did not reproach the one who was qualified for it, the, and He appointed the one who asked for it. Since the Messenger (pbuh) appointed the Imarah to the one who asked for it. He (pbuh) forbade the seeking of Imarah regarding the one who seeks it from those who are not suitable. Thus it was not an absolute prohibition.