8.4 工业部门
8.4 The department of industry
信部负责管理所有与工业相关的事务,无论是重工业,如电机、发动机、车辆、材料和电气设备的制造,还是轻工业。无论这些工厂是公有财产,还是与军事工业有关联的私有财产,都必须以战争政策为基础。圣战和战斗需要军队。要使军队能够作战,就需要武器。为了使这些武器达到最高水平并得到充分供应,国家内部必须拥有工业。因此,军事工业与圣战有着紧密的联系,并与之密切相关。
The department of industry controls all the affairs related to industry, whether they pertain to heavy industry like manufacturing of motors, engines, vehicles, materials, electrical equipment, or light industry. Whether those factories are public property, or individual property that has a relationship with military industries, all of them have to be based on the war policy. Jihad and fighting require an army. In order that the army can fight it requires weapons. In order that these weapons be of the highest level and fully available, it is necessary to have industry within the state. Therefore, the military industry has a strong relation with Jihad and is closely linked to it.
为了使国家独立于其他国家,不受任何一国的影响,它应当自行制造和研发自己的武器。这样一来,国家便能保持独立,并持续拥有最先进、最强大的武器装备,而不受武器发展和进步水平的限制。它还应当拥有足以震慑一切明显的和潜在的敌人的各类武器,正如安拉(SWT)所说:“你们当为他们准备力所能及的武力和系养的战马,以威吓安拉的敌人和你们的敌人,以及你们所不知而安拉所知的其他敌人。” [TMQ 8:60]
In order that the state is independent of other countries and not influenced by anyone of them, it should carry out the manufacture and development of its own weapons by itself. This makes it independent and in continuous possession of the most advanced and strongest weaponry, regardless of the level of development and advancement of weapons. It would also have at its disposal, all that it needs of weapons to intimidate every apparent and potential enemy as Allah (swt) says; “Make ready for them all you can of (armed) force and of horses tethered, that thereby you may dismay the enemy of Allah and your enemy, and others beside them whom you know not. Allah knows them.” [TMQ 8:60]
因此,国家应当拥有自己的意志,自行生产其所需的武器,并不断研发,使其拥有最强大、最先进的武器,以震慑一切明显的和潜在的敌人。所以,国家有义务自行制造武器,不允许其依赖他国,因为这会使他国得以控制它的意志、它的武器以及它的作战能力。
As such, the state would have its own will, produce the weapons that it needs and develop them continuously so that it owns the strongest and most developed weapons in order to terrify all the apparent and potential enemies. Therefore, it is a duty upon the state to manufacture weapons by itself and it is not allowed for her to depend upon other states, because this allows other states to control it, its will, its weapons and its fighting.
各国向其他国家出售武器时,通常并不会轻易出售所有武器,尤其是最先进的武器。它们只在附带某些条件的情况下出售,其中包括对武器用途的限定。它们也不会按买方国家的意愿,而是按其自行决定的数量出售。这使售武国对购武国拥有权力和影响力,从而能够将自身意志强加于购武国,尤其是当该国曾卷入战争时。在这种情况下,它将需要更多的武器、备件和弹药,这将加深其对出口武器国家的依赖,并确保其服从对方的要求。这使售武国得以控制购武国及其意志,尤其是在战争时期以及急需武器和备件的时候。因此,这样的国家会使自身、其意志和其实体成为售武国的人质。
The states that sell weapons to other states do not readily sell every weapon, particularly the most developed weapons. They do not sell weapons except with certain conditions that include their utilisation. They will not sell them except in certain quantities that they, rather than the purchasing countries, decide. This gives the state that sells arms, authority and influence over the state that buys the arms enabling it to enforce its own will on the purchasing state, particularly if it was involved in a war. In that case it would need more arms, spare parts, and ammunition, which would increase its dependence on the state that exports its arms and ensure submission to its demands. This allows the state which exports arms to control it and its will, especially in times of war and in times of great need for arms and spare parts. Hence, such a state would make itself, its will and its entity hostage to the state that exports arms to it.
因此,基于上述种种理由,国家必须自行制造自身的武器,以及其战争机器所需的一切物资和备件。若国家不拥有重工业,并未开始兴建生产重工业产品的工厂(包括军用和民用),这一目标便无法实现。因此,国家有必要设立工厂,生产各类原子弹、火箭、卫星、飞机、坦克、航天器、迫击炮、海军舰艇、装甲车辆,以及各种重型和轻型武器。国家还有必要设立生产机器、发动机、材料和电子产品的工厂,设立与公共财产相关的工厂,以及与军事或战争工业相关的轻型工厂。这一切都是穆斯林因真主(swt)的经文所负有的备战义务所要求的:
Therefore, for all these reasons, the state has to carry out by itself the manufacture of its own arms and everything it requires for its war machine and spare parts. This can’t be achieved unless the state possessed heavy industry and started to build factories that produce heavy industry, both the military and the non-military alike. Thus it is necessary that the state has factories for producing all types of atomic bombs, rockets, satellites, aeroplanes, tanks, spacecraft, mortars, naval ships, armoured vehicles, and all types of heavy and light weapons. It is necessary that it has factories which produce machines, motors, materials, and electronics and factories which have relation with public property and light factories which have relation with the military or war industries. All this is required by the duty of preparation that is obliged upon the Muslims by the saying of Allah (swt):
“你们要为他们准备你们所能准备的一切力量。” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 60]
“Make ready for them all that you can of (armed) force.” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 60]
既然伊斯兰国是通过宣教(Da’wa)和圣战(Jihad)来传达伊斯兰的讯息,它就应当时刻准备好进行圣战。这就需要以战争政策为基础建立重工业和轻工业。因为只要国家在任何时候需要,这些工厂都能便捷地转为军事生产。因此,哈里发国家的所有工业都应以战争政策为基础,所有生产轻工业和重工业的工厂都应遵循这一政策,以便国家在任何需要的时候,都能轻而易举地将其生产转为军事生产。
Since the Islamic state conveys the message of Islam by Da’wa and Jihad, it should be a state that should be continually ready to carry out Jihad. This requires the existence of heavy and light industry built upon the basis of war policy. This is because, at any time it requires to transform these factories for military purposes, it is easily done. Therefore, all the industry in the Khilafah state should be based on war policy, and all the factories, which produce the light and heavy industries, should be based on this policy, so that it becomes easy to transform their production to military production at any time the state requires.