9.3 哈里发是军队的统帅
9.3 The Khaleefah Is The Leader Of The Army
哈里发是军队的最高统帅,由他任命参谋长,并为每个旅任命一名埃米尔,为每个师任命一名指挥官。至于军队中的其他职位,则由各旅的指挥官任命。任命某人担任参谋职务,必须依据其军事素养,并由参谋长任命。
The Khaleefah is the leader of the army and he is the one who appoints the Chief of Staff and an Ameer to every brigade, and a commander to every division. With regards to the other posts in the army the commanders of the brigades appoint them. Appointing a person to the staff has to be according to his military culture and the Chief of Staff appoints him.
因此,哈里发是全体穆斯林在世界范围内的总领导。它负责确立沙里亚的律例,并向世界传达伊斯兰的信息。传达信息于世界的方式就是圣战(吉哈德)。因此,哈里发应当负责圣战,因为哈里发的契约只由他一人承担。
This is because the Khilafah is the general leadership for all the Muslims in the world. It is responsible for establishing the Shar’a rules and for conveying the Message to the world. The way of conveying the Message to the world is Jihad. Therefore the Khaleefah should take charge of the Jihad because the Khilafah contract has been convened upon him alone,
除了他之外,任何其他人都不允许执行此事。
so it is not allowed for any other person to carry it out other than him.
因此,哈里发亲自承担圣战的责任。除他之外,任何人都不得承担此责任,尽管每个穆斯林都参与圣战。因此,参与圣战是一回事,承担其责任又是另一回事。圣战是每个穆斯林的义务,但承担其责任则只属于哈里发。关于哈里发可以委派他人代其履行职责,这是允许的,但须在他本人的监督和督导之下进行,此人不得独立行事,而应处于哈里发的监督和督导之下。这种授权不同于哈里发助手的工作。在此语境中,向哈里发汇报意味着代其进行圣战的人应当处于他的监督之下。在这一限制条件下,即处于哈里发的监督和督导之下,军队的指挥权可以授予他所选定的任何人。然而,若在没有他监督和督导的情况下掌管军队,使哈里发仅仅成为一个虚位元首,则是不允许的。这是因为哈里发的契约已落在他身上,所以他必须承担圣战事务的责任。因此,非伊斯兰制度中通常所说的国家元首是军队最高统帅的说法,