当伊斯兰教法学中的某项律例被废止时,它可以被另一项律例取代,也可以不被取代。若被取代,新律例可能比原先的更为宽松、难度相当,或比原先更为严格。由此产生了某项律例被废止并被取代的四种可能方式。理解这些取代原则,对于伊斯兰法学者正确应用法律裁定十分重要。

When a law is repealed in Islamic jurisprudence, it can be replaced by another law or not replaced at all. If replaced, the new law can be less difficult, of similar difficulty, or more difficult than the previous one. This results in four possible ways in which a law may be annulled and replaced. Understanding these principles of replacement is important for scholars of Islamic law to ensure the proper application of legal rulings

一个这类情况的例子是，在与先知（ﷺ）进行私下商议之前设立的施舍（sadaqah，即给穷人的慈善捐献）被废止了。安拉命令信士们如下：

An example of this type was the repeal of sadaqah (a charitable gift for the poor) before private consultations with the Prophet (ﷺ). Allaah commanded the believers as follows:

后来，他解除了他们的这项义务，并说道：

Later, He released them from the obligation, saying,

这种类型的废止（naskh）发生在关于斋戒的律法上。伊本·欧麦尔（Ibn ‘Umar）传述：当下面这节经文被降示时：

This type of naskh occurred in relation to the laws of fasting. Ibn ‘Umar reported that when the following verse was revealed:

在他们晚间礼拜或入睡之后，直到次日日落之前，饮食和性事对他们来说都是被禁止的。后来安拉降示了这节经文：

food, drink, and intercourse were forbidden to them once they prayed the night prayer or went to sleep until the next sunset. Then Allaah revealed the verse,

这种形式的废止（naskh）的一个例子，是礼拜朝向从耶路撒冷改为麦加的经文所作的变更。

An example of this kind of naskh is the change of the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to Makkah by the verse,

这种类型的纳斯赫（废止）的一个很好的例子，是废除了允许不想斋戒的人以供养一位贫穷者来代替的律例。取代它的律法规定，凡身体能够承受的人都必须斋戒。53

A good example of this kind of naskh is the repeal of the law allowing those who did not want to fast to feed a poor person instead. The law which replaced it made fasting compulsory for all who were physically able.53