6.2 第二次启示
6.2 The Second Revelation
从最低的天国,古兰经的各个章节被天使吉卜里勒陆续降示给先知穆罕默德ﷺ。这一启示的过程持续了他担任先知的二十三年。这次启示始于《黏块》章的前五节经文。这些经文降示给了先知ﷺ。
From the lowest heaven sections of the Qur’aan were then taken down by the angel Jibreel to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). This process of revelation continued over the twenty-three years of his prophethood. This revelation began with the first five verses of Soorah al-‘Alaq. These verses were revealed to the Prophet (ﷺ)
当他在麦加附近的希拉山洞中闭关修行时。42 然而，第一章完整降示的经文是《开端章》。43 这部分《古兰经》的降示标志着先知使命最后阶段的开始。最后降示的章是《援助章》。44 此章降示于先知（ﷺ）的临别朝觐期间，地点在米纳，时间为希吉拉后第十年末。据伊本·阿拔斯所述，最后降示的节文是《黄牛章》第281节，它是一系列论及利息的经文中的最后一节。45 安拉这样提到了第二次启示：
while he was on a spiritual retreat in the cave of Hiraa’ near Makkah.42 However, the first complete soorah to be revealed was Soorah al-Faatihah. 43 The revelation of this portion of Qur’aan marked the beginning of the final phase of prophethood. The last soorah to be revealed was Soorah an-Nasr. 44 This soorah was brought down in Minaa during the Farewell Hajj of the Prophet (ﷺ), which took place at the end of the tenth year after the Hijrah. According to Ibn ‘Abbaas, the last verse to be revealed was verse 281 in Soorah al-Baqarah, the last of a series of verses dealing with interest.45 Allaah has referred to the second revelation in the following way:
“并且这是一部我分段降示的《古兰经》，以便你（穆罕默德）能够循序渐进地向人们诵读它，我也是逐步地降示了它。”46
“And (it is) a Qur’aan which I have divided into parts in order that you (Muhammad) may recite it to the people gradually, and I have revealed it by successive revelation.” 46
由‘Aa’ishah传述，并由al-Bukhaaree收录（《Sahih Al-Bukhari》，第1卷，第2-4页，第3条）
42 Reported by ‘Aa’ishah and collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 1, pp. 2-4, no. 3)
和穆斯林（《圣训实录·穆斯林圣训集》，第1卷，第96–98页，第301条）。
and Muslim (Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, pp. 96-8, no. 301).
43 由al-Bayhaqee在《Dalaa’il an-Nuboowah》（《圣迹》）和al-Waahidee在《Asbaab an-Nuzool》（《降示缘由》）中辑录。as-Suyootee说其传述人可靠，但其isnaad为mursal（断续）。参见《al-Itqaan》第1卷，第70-71页。
43 Collected by al-Bayhaqee in Dalaa’il an-Nuboowah and al-Waahidee in Asbaab an-Nuzool. AsSuyootee said its narrators were reliable but the isnaad is mursal. See al-Itqaan, vol. 1, pp.70-71.
这是伊本·阿拔斯的观点，由伊玛目穆斯林收录（《穆斯林圣训实录》第4卷，第1554页，编号7174-5）。其他圣门弟子也有不同的看法，参见《古兰学通论》（al-Itqaan）第1卷，第77-81页。
44 That was Ibn ‘Abbaas’s opinion, as collected by Imaam Muslim (Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p. 1554, nos. 7174-5). Other sahaabah had differing opinions. See al-Itqaan, vol. 1, pp. 77-81.
由布哈里收录(《布哈里圣训实录》第6卷,第51页,第67条)。这节经文:“你们应当戒备一个日子,那日你们将被召归真主,然后每个灵魂都将得到其所行的完全报偿,而他们不受亏枉。”它并不涉及对伊斯兰律法的增添,因此这则记载与《古兰经》第5章《筵席》第3节之间并无矛盾,该节经文是在辞朝(告别朝觐)时降示的:“今日,我已为你们完善了你们的宗教。”
45 Collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, p. 51, no. 67). This verse, “And guard yourselves against a day when you will be brought back to Allaah; then every soul will be paid in full what it earned, and they will not be wronged,” did not involve an addition to Islaamic legislation, therefore there is no contradiction between this report and the statement of Allaah in Soorah al-Maa’idah (5):3, revealed at the Farewell Hajj, “This day I have completed your deen for you.”
Please provide the text you'd like translated. I'm ready to translate it into Simplified Chinese.106
46 Soorah al-Israa’ (17):106