3.1 翻译的类型 - 《Usool At-tafseer》 | Quran Course

3.1 翻译的类型 - 《Usool At-tafseer》 | Quran Course

试图以松散或意译的方式捕捉《古兰经》的魅力，同样是自以为是、容易误导人的，并注定会失败。那种“无法模仿的交响，其声音本身足以使人落泪、令人狂喜”26，只存在于阿拉伯语之中。

Attempts to catch the charm of the Qur’aan in loose or free translations are also presumptuous, misleading, and doomed to failure. “The inimitable symphony, the very sounds of which move men to tears and ecstasy” 26 exists only in the Arabic.

任何程度的成功都只会让读者误以为自己在体验《古兰经》，而实际上，他们体验到的只是译者的情感和文学技巧。即便是声称翻译了《古兰经》之意义的译本，也是虚假的，因为此类译本的作者会在阿拉伯语中具有多重含义的词汇、以及没有非阿拉伯语对应词的词汇上，选择他认为恰当的含义；他还会在字面意义与比喻意义之间做出选择，并翻译他认为合适的那一种。事实上，所有的译本都是一种注释（tafseer），只是准确程度各有不同。

Any degree of success will only dupe readers into thinking that they are experiencing the Qur’aan, whereas in reality, they are experiencing the feelings of the translator and his literary skills. Even claims to translations of the Qur’aan’s meanings are false because the author of such translations chooses meanings which he feels are appropriate in the case of Arabic words which have more than one meaning and words which have no non-Arabic equivalent. He also chooses between literal and figurative meanings and translates the one which he considers appropriate. All translations are in fact tafseers, some more accurate than others.

大多数译本的前言都会列出作者所依据的古典经注和词典。这个问题看似细微，但若换个说法，或许差别会更明显。注释者的说法是在解释经文：“这是我从这段经文中所理解的。”译者的说法则像是已经完全理解了经文的含义，并将其译出，仿佛在说：“这就是经文的意思。”两种做法之间的差别相当巨大。因此，译者应当在前言和书名中强调，这是他们对《古兰经》的个人理解。或许对译者而言，最好的做法是直接翻译古典经注的基本文本，并在必要时用脚注说明其他可能的含义以及经文所处的语境。

Most translations list in their forewords the names of the classical tafseers and lexicons on which they relied. This may seem to be a very fine point, but if it were put in another way perhaps the difference would be more obvious. The mufassir speaks in an explanatory way as if to say: “This is what I understand from the verse.” The translator speaks as if he has completely understood the verse’s meaning and translated it as if to say: “This is what the verse means.” The difference between the two approaches is quite vast. Hence, translators should emphasize in their prefaces and titles the fact that this is their personal understanding of the Qur’aan. Perhaps the best approach for a translator would be to simply translate the basic text of the classical tafseers using footnotes to explain other possible meanings and the context of the passages where necessary.

这并不是说现有的“译本”毫无价值，也不是说不懂阿拉伯语的人就应当停止阅读它们。现有的“译本”有其作用：对于无法直接从《古兰经》中获得信息的人，它们能够传达《古兰经》的基本旨意。然而，读者应当牢记，他们所读的并非《古兰经》的译文，也并非其全部含义，而只是用另一种语言所作的解释。所有穆斯林都应当以尽可能掌握阿拉伯语为目标之一，以便能够如同Allah启示时的原样，听到Allah的话语。

This is not to say that existing “translations” are of no value whatsoever and that those who do not understand the Arabic should stop reading them. Existing “translations” serve to convey the basic message of the Qur’aan to those who cannot get it from the Qur’aan themselves. However, the reader should bear in mind that what he or she is reading is not a translation of the Qur’aan or all of its meaning, but only an explanation in another language. Learning Arabic to whatever degree possible should be among the goals of all Muslims in order that they may hear Allaah’s words exactly as they were revealed.