4.8 《古兰经》的数字奇迹
4.8 The Numerical Miracle of the Qur’aan
最著名的这一观点倡导者是拉希德·哈利法(Rashad Khalifa),一位在美国接受教育的埃及生物化学家。据哈利法博士所说,《古兰经》中存在一套神奇的数字密码,它基于《古兰经》的“第一”节经文(BismillahirRahmaanir-Raheem),该节由19个字母组成。据称,这一神奇密码在第74章(al-Muddath-thir)第30节中有所提及,该节经文写道:“其上有十九。”基于这两个前提,哈利法博士声称发现了一种复杂的数学模式,涉及19及其倍数,贯穿整部《古兰经》,尤其体现在他所称的《古兰经》字母起首部分(即位于29章之前的Alif、Laam、Meem等字母)中。由此发现,哈利法博士得出结论:这一数学密码模式在如此篇幅的文学作品中具有的复杂性远超人类能力,它本身便构成了《古兰经》唯一真正的奇迹,足以证明其神圣起源。他进一步得出结论:19及其倍数是正确理解《古兰经》和伊斯兰教的关键,而选择19的原因在于,19意味着“真主独一”,这正是《古兰经》的核心信息。81
The most famous proponent of this idea was Rashad Khalifa, an Egyptian biochemist educated in the United States. According to Dr. Khalifa, there is a miraculous numerical code to the Qur’aan based on its “first” verse (BismillahirRahmaanir-Raheem), which consists of 19 letters. This miraculous code is supposedly referred to in verse 30 of Chapter 74 (al-Muddath-thir) which states “Over it are 19.” Based on these two premises, Dr. Rashad claims to have discovered an intricate mathematical pattern involving 19 and its multiples throughout the Qur’aan and especially in what he calls the Qur’aanic initials which precede 29 chapters (Alif, Laam, Meem, etc.). From this discovery, Dr. Khalifa concludes that the complexity of this mathematical code’s pattern in a literary work of the Qur’aan’s size is far beyond human capabilities, and that it alone constitutes the only real miracle of the Qur’aan which proves its divine origin.80 He further concludes that 19 and its multiples represent the key to the correct interpretation of the Qur’aan and Islam, and the reason why 19 was chosen is that 19 means “God is One,” which is the message of the Qur’aan.81
许多穆斯林起初毫无保留地热情接受了哈利法的理论。
Many Muslims at first received Khalifa’s theories with uncritical enthusiasm.
然而,当更为严谨的批评者开始核查他的数据时,发现其中存在大量矛盾之处,甚至有一些纯属捏造。他的论断基于某个字母或某个词在特定某章(surah)或某组章中出现的次数。人们发现,他有时把哈姆萨(hamzah)当作阿里夫(alif)来计算,有时却不这样做,具体取决于为了证实其理论,他在某章中需要得到怎样的总数。有时他统计了并不存在的字母,有时又遗漏了确实存在的字母;有时把两个词算作一个词;有时他增添了《古兰经》的原文,有时又删去了其中的内容,所有这些都是为了使字母和词汇的统计符合他的理论。此外,他的字母统计数字会随时间而变化,取决于他是想单独为某一章确立规律,还是将其作为一组章的一部分来确立规律。当面对其数据中的不一致之处时,他开始宣称《古兰经》中混入了一些不属于其中的经文。在作出这一明确的背信之语后,他又声称知道末日的确切日期,并最终宣称自己是先知。他在亚利桑那州图森市吸引了一批追随者,但他的事业……
However, when more rigorous critics began checking his numbers, they found numerous discrepancies and some outright fabrications in his data. His claims were based on the number of times a given letter or word occurs in a given soorah or group of soorahs. It was discovered that he would sometimes treat hamzahs like alifs and sometimes he wouldn’t, depending on the totals he needed in a given soorah to confirm his theory. Sometimes he counted letters that weren’t there, sometimes he failed to count existing letters, sometimes he counted two words as one, sometimes he added to the Qur’aanic text and sometimes he deleted from it, all for the purpose of making the letter and word counts conform to his theory. On top of that, his letter counts changed over time, depending on whether he wanted to establish a pattern for a soorah by itself or as part of a group of soorahs. When confronted with inconsistencies in his data, he began claiming that certain verses had been inserted into the Qur’aan that did not belong there. After this clear statement of disbelief he went on to claim knowledge of the exact date of the Day of Judgment and eventually claimed prophethood for himself. He attracted a group of followers in Tucson, Arizona, but his career
《古兰经》与现代科学:关联性研究》,第31页。
79 The Qur’an and Modern Science: Correlation Studies, p.31.
参见拉希德·哈利法(Rashad Khalifa)在《Impact International》1981年11月13日至26日刊载的文章《“19”的问题》("Problem of 19")中对其理论的阐述,第14-15页。
80 See Rashad Khalifa’s presentation of his theory in the article “Problem of 19,” Impact International, 13-26 Nov., 1981, pp.14-15.
81 Quran: Visual Presentation of The Miracle, pp.70-73, 243.
81 Quran: Visual Presentation of The Miracle, pp.70-73, 243.
注意:此计算基于阿拉伯字母数值系统“阿布贾德”(Abjad)。该体系中,阿拉伯字母被赋予数值,这一体系借鉴自犹太神秘主义体系“卡巴拉”(Kabbalah)。
Note: This calculation is based on the Abjad system of numerology in which the letters of the Arabic alphabet are given numerical values, a system borrowed from the Jewish mystical system known as Kabbalah.
参见《美国使命》,第137-168页。对此理论的详细驳斥可见于我的著作《古兰经的数字奇迹:骗局与异端》。
82 See Mission to America, pp. 137-168. A detailed refutation of this theory can be found in my book, The Quran’s Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy.