1.1 Sunansa da laƙabinsa na ƙauna
1.1 His name and affectionate nickname
Ibn Kathir ya ce kowa ya yarda cewa sunansa Abdullah ibn 'Uthman ne, sai dai riwayar Ibn Sa'd daga Ibn Sirin, wadda ta tabbatar da cewa sunansa 'Ateeq ne, alhali gaskiya shi ne wannan laƙabi ne na ƙauna da aka masa. Sai dai akwai saɓani game da lokacin da aka ba shi wannan laƙabi, da dalilin hakan. Wasu sun ce an ba shi shi ne saboda kyawun fuskarsa, wato 'ateeqah na fuskarsa; amma Abu Nu'aym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn ya ce saboda fifikonsa a cikin alheri. Har ila yau, an ce saboda tsarkin asalinsa, wato tsabtar nasabarsa, domin babu wani abu a cikin zuriyarsa da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin aibi. An kuma ce an fara kiransa da 'Ateeq, sannan daga baya aka kira shi Abdullah.
Ibn Kathir said that all admit that his name was Abdullah ibn 'Uthman, except for the narration of Ibn Sacd on the authority of Ibn Sirin which asserts his name to have been cAteeq whereas the truth is that that was his affectionate nickname. Then there is some disagreement as to the time of his being so named, and the reason for it; for some say that it was on account of the citaqah of his countenance, that is, its beauty - but Abu Nucaym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn said that it was on account of his priority in merit - and also it is said on account of the nobility of his pedigree, that is its purity, as there is nothing in his lineage that can be accounted a stain; and it is said too he was first so named and afterwards called ‘Abdullah.
At-Tabarani ya ruwaito cewa al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ya tambayi ‘A’isha, Allah ya yarda da ita, game da sunan Abu Bakr, sai ta amsa da cewa, ‘Abdullah. Sai ya ce, ‘Mutane suna kiransa Ateeq.’ Ta amsa da cewa, ‘Abu Quhafa yana da 'ya'ya maza uku waɗanda ya sa musu suna Ateeq, Mu'taq da Mu'ayteq.’ Ibn Mandah da Ibn 'Asakir sun ruwaito cewa Musa ibn Talha ya ce:
At-Tabarani narrated that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad questioned ‘ A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, as to the name of Abu Bakr, and she replied, <cAbdullah.’ Then he said, ‘The people call him cAteeq.’ She answered, ‘Abu Quhafah had three sons whom he named cAteeq, Muctaq and Mucaytaq.’ Ibn Mandah and Ibn cAsakir narrated that Musa ibn Talhah said:
Na ce wa mahaifina Talhah, ‘Me ya sa aka kira Abu Bakr da suna ‘Ateeq?’ Ya ce, ‘Mahaifiyarsa ba ta da ɗa da ya rayu, sai da ta haife shi, sai ta juya fuskarta zuwa ga Ɗakin Allah (Ka'aba) tare da shi, ta ce, “Ya Allah, idan wannan ‘Ateeq ne (’yantacce) daga mutuwa, to ka ba ni shi.”’ At-Tabarani ya ruwaito cewa Ibn ‘Abbas ya ce: An kira shi ‘Ateeq ne kawai saboda kyawun fuskarsa.
1 said to my father Talhah, ‘Why was Abu Bakr called cAteeq?’ He said, ‘His mother had no son surviving and when she gave birth to him, she faced towards the House (the Kacbah) with him and exclaimed, “O Allah if this one is cAteeq (free) from death then give him to me.’” At-Tabarani narrated that Ibn cAbbas said: He was only called ' Ateeq because of the beauty of his face.
Ibn cAsakir ya rawaito daga cA'isha, Allah ya yarda da ita, cewa ta ce: "Sunan Abu Bakr wanda iyalansa suke kiransa da shi shi ne cAbdullah, amma sunan cAteeq ya zama wanda aka fi amfani da shi." A wata riwaya, "Amma Annabi ﷺ ne ya kira shi cAteeq." Abu Ya'la, Ibn Sa'd da al-Hakim, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa sahihi ne, sun ruwaito daga cA'isha, Allah ya yarda da ita, cewa ta ce: "Na rantse da Allah, wata rana ina cikin gidana, Manzon Allah ﷺ da sahabbansa suna cikin farfajiya, akwai labule tsakanina da su. Abu Bakr ya zo, sai Annabi ﷺ ya ce: 'Duk wanda yake farin ciki da ganin wanda Wuta ta 'yantar, to ya kalli Abu Bakr.' Sunan da iyalansa suka san shi da shi shi ne cAbdullah, amma cAteeq ya zama wanda aka fi amfani da shi." At-Tirmidhi da al-Hakim sun ruwaito daga cA'isha, Allah ya yarda da ita, cewa ta ce: "Abu Bakr ya shiga wurin Manzon Allah ﷺ, sai ya ce: 'Abu Bakr, kai ne wanda Allah ya 'yantar daga Wuta.' Tun daga wannan rana aka san shi da cAteeq." Al-Bazzar da at-Tabarani sun ruwaito da isnadi mai kyau cewa cAbdullah ibn az-Zubair ya ce: "Sunan Abu Bakr cAbdullah ne, sannan Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce masa: 'Kai ne wanda Allah ya 'yantar daga Wuta.' Saboda haka aka san shi da cAteeq." Game da sunan as-Siddiq kuwa, an ce: "An ba shi wannan laƙabi mai ƙauna a zamanin Jahiliyya, saboda gaskiyar da aka san shi da ita," kamar yadda Ibn Musdi ya ambata. An kuma ce: "Saboda gaggawarsa wajen tabbatar da Manzon Allah ﷺ a cikin abin da ya bayar da labarinsa." Ibn Ishaq ya ruwaito daga al-Hasan al-Basri da Qatadah cewa: "Lokacin farko da aka fara sanin shi da wannan shi ne safiyar bayan Dare na Isra'i."
Ibn cAsakir narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name which his family called him by was 'Abdullah, but the name cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ In a version, ‘But the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called him cAteeq.’ Abu Yacla, Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘By Allah, I was in my house one day and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his companions were in the courtyard, a curtain between me and them. Abu Bakr came up and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever is pleased to look upon one who is free from the Fire then let him look upon Abu Bakr.” The name which his family knew him by was cAbdullah but cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ At-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, “Abu Bakr, you are the one Allah has freed from the Fire.” From that day he was known as cAteeq.” Al-Bazzar and at-Tabarani narrated with an excellent isnad that cAbdullah ibn az-Zubayr said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name was cAbdullah, then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, “You are Allah’s freed one from the Fire.” So he was known as cAteeq.’ As for the name as-Siddiq, it is said about it, ‘He was given the affectionate nickname in the Jahiliyyah, because of the truthfulness for which he was known’ as Ibn Musdi mentioned. It has been said also, ‘Because of his haste in affirming the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in that of which he informed.’ Ibn Ishaq narrated that al-Hasan al-Basri and Qatadah said: The first time that he became known for it was the morning after the Night of the Isra’.
Al-Hakim ya ruwaito a cikin Al-Mustadrak cewa Aisha, Allah ya yarda da ita, ta ce: Mushrikai sun zo wurin Abu Bakr suka ce: "Me za ka ce game da abokinka? Yana ikirarin cewa a daren nan an kai shi Bait al-Maqdis (Birnin Kudus)." Ya amsa: "Shin ya ce haka?" Suka ce: "Eh." Sai ya ce: "Lallai ya faɗi gaskiya. Na yi imani da shi, kuma na tabbatar da shi a cikin abubuwan da suka fi wannan nisa: labarai daga sama a farkon safiya da kuma da yamma." Saboda haka aka kira shi As-Siddiq. Isnadin sa yana da kyau, kuma an ruwaito irin wannan daga hadisin Anas da Abu Hurairah, wanda Ibn Asakir ya ba da isnadai a kansa, da kuma Ummu Hani', wanda At-Tabarani ya ruwaito.
Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The idolaters came to Abu Bakr and said, ‘What do you think of your Companion? He claims that he was taken this night to Bait al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).’ He replied, ‘Did he say that?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘He has definitely told the truth. I believe and affirm him in matters more remote than that: the news from heaven in the early part of the morning and in the evening.’ For that reason he was called as-Siddiq. Its isnad is excellent, and that has also been narrated from hadith of Anas and Abu Hurayrah, for which Ibn cAsakir gave isnads, and Umm Hani', which was narrated by at-Tabarani.
Sacid ibn Mansur ya ruwaito a cikin Sunan dinsa: Abu Macshar ya ruwaito cewa Wahb, bawa da aka 'yanta na Abu Hurayrah, ya ce: Lokacin da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya dawo a daren da aka yi tafiyarsa (zuwa Baitul Maqdis), yana a Dhu Tuwa, ya ce: "Jibril, mutanena ba za su gaskata ni ba." Sai (Jibril) ya ce: "Abu Bakr zai gaskata ka, shi kuma as-Siddiq ne." Al-Hakim ya ruwaito a cikin al-Mustadrak cewa an-Nazzal ibn Sabrah ya ce: Mun ce wa Ali: "Amirul Mu'minin, ka gaya mana game da Abu Bakr." Ya ce: "Wannan mutum, Allah ya sanya masa suna as-Siddiq ta harshen Jibril da harshen Muhammad ﷺ. Shi ne wakilin Manzon Allah ﷺ a kan sallah; ya yarda da shi a addininmu, saboda haka muma muka yarda da shi a al'amuran duniyarmu." Isnadinsa yana da kyau ƙwarai.
Sacid ibn Mansur narrated in his Sunan: Abu Macshar narrated that Wahb the freed slave of Abu Hurayrah said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned on the night in which he was made to travel (to Jerusalem), and he was at Dhu Tuwa, he said, ‘Jibril, my people will not believe me.’ He ( ) ibril) said, ‘Abu Bakr will believe you, and he is as-Siddiq.’ Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that an-Nazzal ibn Sabrah said: We said to cAli: ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, tell us about Abu Bakr.’ He said, ‘That man, Allah named him as-Siddiq on the tongue of Jibril and on the tongue of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He was the deputy of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for thp prayer; he was contented with him for our deen and so we were pleased with him for our worldly affairs.’ Its isnad is excellent.
Ad-Daraqutni da al-Hakim sun ruwaito cewa Abu Yahya ya ce: Ba zan iya kirga adadin lokutan da na ji cAli yana cewa a kan minbar ba, 'Lallai Allah ya ambaci Abu Bakr ta harshen Annabinsa ﷺ, da sunan siddiq.' At-Tabarani ya ruwaito da isnadi mai kyau sosai (sahih) cewa Hakim ibn Sacd ya ce: Na ji cAli yana cewa, kuma ya rantse da hakan, 'Lallai Allah ya saukar da sunan Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq, daga sama.' A cikin hadisin Uhud: 'Ku natsu, domin babu a kanku face Annabi ﷺ, da siddiq, da shahidai biyu.' 'Mahaifiyar Abu Bakr ta kasance 'yar kawun mahaifinsa (ta kasance 'yar uwar mahaifinsa). Sunanta Salma 'yar Sakhr ibn 'Amir ibn Kacb. An ba ta kunyar Umm al-Khayr (Uwar alheri),' in ji az-Zuhri kamar yadda Ibn cAsakir ya ruwaito.
Ad-Daraqutni and al-Hakim narrated that Abu Yahya said: I cannot count the number of times that I heard cAli say upon the minbar, ‘Truly Allah named Abu Bakr through the tongue of His Prophet, a siddiq.’ At-Tabarani narrated with an excellent sahih isnad that Hakim ibn Sacd said: I heard cAli say, and he swore upon it, ‘Allah definitely revealed from heaven the name of Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq.’ In the hadith of Uhud, ‘Be still, for there are only upon you a Prophet, a siddiq and two martyrs.’ ‘Abu Bakr’s mother was the daughter of his father’s paternal uncle (she was his father’s cousin). Her name was Salma bint Sakhr ibn ‘Amir ibn Kacb. She was given the kunyah (surname) Umm al-Khayr (Mother of good),’ said az-Zuhri as narrated by Ibn cAsakir.