1.22 Abubuwan da Ya Fara Yi
1.22 The Things In Which He Was First
Shi ne farkon wanda ya karɓi Musulunci, shi ne farkon wanda ya tattara Alƙur'ani waje guda, shi ne farkon wanda ya sanya masa suna "mushaf" (kwafi da aka rubuta). Hujjar hakan an riga an ambata ta. Shi ne kuma farkon wanda aka kira shi "khalifah". Ahmad ya ruwaito cewa Abu Bakr ibn Abi Mulaykah ya ce: An ce wa Abu Bakr, "Khalifan Allah!" Sai ya ce, "Ni khalifan Manzon Allah ne ﷺ, kuma na yarda da hakan." Shi ne kuma farkon wanda ya yi mulkin khilafah alhali mahaifinsa yana raye.
He was the first to accept Islam, the first to collect the Qur’an together, the first to name it a mushaf (written copy) -The proof of that has already been mentioned - and he was the first to be named “khalifah Ahmad narrated that Abu Bakr ibn Abi Mulaykah said: It was said to Abu Bakr, ‘Khalifah of Allah!’ He said, ‘I am the Khalifah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and I am content with that.’ He was the first to rule the khilafah while his father was alive.
Shi ne halifan farko wanda al'ummarsa suka ware masa wani kuɗi.
He was the first khalifah whose subjects allocated him a sum.
Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito cewa cA’ishah, Allah ya yarda da ita, ta ce: Lokacin da aka nada Abu Bakr khalifa, ya ce: "Mutanena sun sani cewa sana'ata ba ta kasa biyan bukatun iyalina ba, kuma yanzu na shagaltu da umarni da al'amuran Musulmi, don haka iyalan Abu Bakr za su ci daga wannan dukiya, yayin da shi kuma zai ci gaba da aiki da sana'arsa domin Musulmi." Ibn Sa'd ya ruwaito cewa cAta' ibn as-Sa'ib ya ce: Lokacin da aka yi wa Abu Bakr mubaya'a, ya tashi da safe yana dauke da wasu tufafi a hannunsa, kuma yana tafiya zuwa kasuwa. cUmar ya ce masa: "Ina za ka je?" Ya ce: "Zuwa kasuwa." Ya ce: "Me za ka yi, alhali an dora maka nauyin al'amuran Musulmi?" Ya ce: "Me zan yi don ciyar da iyalina?" Ya ce: "Mu tafi. Abu cUbaydah zai ware maka wani kaso." Don haka suka je wurin Abu cUbaydah, sai ya ce: "Ina ware maka abincin mutum daya daga cikin Muhajirai, ba mafi kyawunsu ba kuma ba mafi karancinsu ba, da tufafin hunturu da na bazara. Idan ka lalata wani abu, ka dawo ka dauki wani a madadinsa." Su biyun suka ware masa rabin rago a kowace rana, da abin da zai rufe kansa da jikinsa.
Al-Bukhari narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: When Abu Bakr was appointed khalifah he said, ‘My people know that my profession is not incapable of providing for my family, and I have become occupied with the command and the affairs of the Muslims so the family of Abu Bakr will eat from this property while he works professionally for the Muslims.’ Ibn Sacd narrated that cAta’ ibn as-Sa’ib said: When Abu Bakr was pledged allegiance he arose in the morning and upon his forearm there were some garments and he was going to the market place. cUmar said, ‘Where are you going?’ He said, ‘To the market place.’ He said, ‘What are you going to do, when you have been put in charge of the affairs of the Muslims?’ He said, ‘What am I going to do to feed my family?’ He said, ‘Let us go. Abu cUbaydah will allocate a sum for you.’ So they went to Abu cUbaydah and he said, ‘I allocate you the supplies of a man among the Muhajirun, not the best of them nor the least of them, and the clothing of winter and summer. If you wear out something, return and take something in its place.’ The two of them allocated him half a sheep everyday and what would clothe his head and his person.
Ibn Sa'd ya ruwaito cewa Maymun ya ce: Lokacin da aka nada Abu Bakr khalifa, sai suka ba shi dirhami dubu biyu, sai ya ce: "Ku kara mini, domin ina da iyali, kuma kun shagaltar da ni yadda ba zan iya yin kasuwanci ba," sai suka kara masa dari biyar.
Ibn Sacd narrated that Maymun said: When Abu Bakr was appointed khalifah they allocated him two thousand, so he said, ‘Increase me, for I have dependants and you have kept me busy so that I cannot engage in trade,’ so they increased him five hundred.
At-Tabarani ya ruwaito a cikin Musnadinsa cewa al-Hasan ɗan cAli ɗan Abi Talib ya ce: Lokacin da Abu Bakr ya kusa mutuwa, ya ce, ‘cA’ishah, ki duba raƙumar madara wadda muke sha daga madararta, da kwanon da muke shirya abinci a ciki, da riguna na waje da muke sanyawa, domin mun kasance muna amfana da su a lokacin da muke kula da al’amuran Musulmi. Idan na mutu, ki mayar da su ga cUmar.’ Lokacin da Abu Bakr ya mutu, ta aika musu cUmar. cUmar ya ce, ‘Allah ya yi maka rahama, ya Abu Bakr! Ka gajiyar da wanda zai biye maka.’ Ibn Abi’d-Dunya ya ruwaito cewa Abu Bakr ɗan Hafs ya ce: Lokacin da yake kusa da mutuwa, Abu Bakr ya ce wa cA’ishah, Allah ya yarda da ita, ‘Ƴata ƙarama, mun kasance an ɗora mana alhakin al’amuran Musulmi, kuma ba mu ɗauki wa kanmu dinari ko dirhami ba, sai dai mun ci gurasar gari mara kyau na abincinsu a cikinmu, mun kuma sanya tufafinsu masu kauri a bayanmu. Babu abin da ya rage a wurinmu daga ganimar Musulmi, babu kaɗan ko mai yawa, sai wannan bawan Habasha, wannan raƙumin ɗauko ruwa, da wannan riga ta waje da ta tsufa ta lalace. Idan na mutu, ki aika musu cUmar.’ Shi ne farkon wanda ya kafa bait al-mal (ginin da ake ajiye zakka da sauran kuɗaɗen shiga a cikinsa yayin da ake rarraba su).
At-Tabarani narrated in his Musnad that al-Hasan ibn cAli ibn Abi Talib said: When Abu Bakr was near to death, he said, ‘cA’ishah, look to the milch camel whose milk we used to drink, the bowl in which we used to prepare food, and the outer garments we used to wear, for we used to benefit from that when we were in charge of the command of the Muslims. When I die, return them to cUmar.’ When Abu Bakr died she sent them to cUmar. cUmar said, ‘May Allah show mercy to you, Abu Bakr! You have exhausted the one who comes after you.’ Ibn Abi’d-Dunya narrated that Abu Bakr ibn Hafs said: When lie was close to death, Abu Bakr said to cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, ‘My little daughter, we were put in charge of the affairs of the Muslims, and we didn’t take for ourselves a dinar nor a dirham, but we ate of the coarse flour of their food in our bellies, and we dressed with their rough clothing upon our backs. Nothing remains with us of the booty of the Muslims, neither a little nor a lot, but for this Abyssinian slave, this camel for drawing water, and this threadbare worn-out outer garment. When I die, send them to ‘Umar.’ He was the first one to make a bait al-mal (a building in which zakat and other revenues were stored while they were being distributed).
Ibn Sa'd ya ruwaito cewa Sahl ibn Abi Khaythamah da wasu sun ce Abu Bakr yana da bait al-mal a as-Sunh wanda babu wanda ke gadinsa.
Ibn Sacd narrated that Sahl ibn Abi Khaythamah and others said that Abu Bakr had a bait al-mal at as-Sunh which no-one guarded.
Wani ya ce masa, ‘Ba za ka sa wani ya tsare shi ba?’ Sai ya ce, ‘Akwai kulle a kansa,’ kuma yakan ba da abin da ke cikinsa har sai ya zama babu kome a ciki. Lokacin da aka mayar da shi zuwa Madina, ya canza shi ya sa shi a gidansa. Dukiya tana zuwa gare shi, kuma yakan raba ta ga mafi talauci daga cikin mutane, kuma zai raba ta daidai tsakaninsu. Yakan sayi raƙuma, dawakai da makamai ya ajiye su a can domin a yi amfani da su a hanyar Allah. Yakan sayi riguna na waje da suka fito daga ƙauyukan hamada masu nisa, ya raba su ga gwauraye na Madina. Lokacin da Abu Bakr ya mutu aka kuma binne shi, cUmar ya kira amintattun, daga cikinsu akwai cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf da cUthman ibn cAffan, sai suka shiga bait al-mal na Abu Bakr tare da shi. Suka buɗe bait al-mal suka tarar babu kome a ciki, ba dinari ko dirhami ba.
Someone said to him, ‘Will you not put someone in charge of it to guard it?’ He said, ‘There is a lock on it,’ and he used to give away what was in it until it was empty. When it was moved to Madinah, he changed it and put it in his house. Property came to him and he used to divide it up among the poorest of the people and he would divide it equally among them. He would buy camels, horses and weapons and put them there to be used in the way of Allah. He would buy outer garments which came from the outlying desert tracts and distribute them among the widows of Madinah. When Abu Bakr died and was buried, cUmar summoned the trustees, amongst them cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf and cUthman ibn cAffan, and with them entered the bait al-mal of Abu Bakr. They opened the bait al-mal and found nothing in it, neither a dinar nor a dirham.
Ina cewa wannan hadisi yana karyata kalaman al-cAskari a cikin al-Awa'il (Abubuwan Farko), cewa: "Na farko da ya karbi bait al-mal shi ne cUmar. Manzon Allah, Allah ya yi masa salati ya kuma ba shi aminci, bai da bait al-mal, haka ma Abu Bakr, Allah ya yarda da shi." Na karyata wannan a littafina da na rubuta kan "abubuwan farko", sannan daga baya na ga cewa al-cAskari ya yi ishara zuwa wannan a wani sashi na littafinsa, inda yake cewa: "Na farko da ya rike bait al-mal shi ne Abu cUbaidah ibn al-Jarrah a madadin Abu Bakr." Al-Hakim ya ce: Laƙabin ƙauna na farko a Musulunci shi ne laƙabin Abu Bakr, Allah ya yarda da shi, "cAteeq."
I say that this tradition refutes the words of al-cAskari in al-Awa’il (Firsts), ‘The first to take a bait al-mal was cUmar. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had no bait al-mal nor had Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.’ I had refuted this in my book which I composed on ‘firsts’, then later I saw that alcAskari alluded to this in another part of his book saying, ‘The first to take charge of a bait al-mal was Abu cUbaydah ibn al-Jarrah on behalf of Abu Bakr.’ Al-Hakim said: The first affectionate nickname in Islam was the nickname of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, ‘cAteeq.’
Sashe
Section
Shaikhan sun ruwaito cewa Jabir, Allah ya yarda da shi, ya ce: Annabi ﷺ ya ce, "Idan dukiyar Bahrain ta zo, zan ba ka kaza da kaza." Sai ga shi dukiyar Bahrain ta zo bayan rasuwar Annabi ﷺ, sai Abu Bakr ya ce, "Duk wanda Annabi ﷺ ya ci bashinsa, ya zo mana." Sai na zo na gaya masa. Ya ce, "Karɓa." Na karɓa, sai na tarar dubu biyar ne.
The two Shaykhs narrated that Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘If the wealth of Bahrain were to come, I would give you so much and so much.’ So when the wealth of Bahrain came after the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, Abu Bakr said, ‘Whoever was owed anything by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, let him come to us.’ I came and told him. He said, ‘Take.’ I took and found it to be five hundred.
Sai ya ba ni dubu ɗaya da ɗari biyar.
Then he gave me one thousand and five hundred.