2.7 Wasu Bayanai Game da Tarihin Rayuwarsa
2.7 Some Particulars Of His Biography
Ibn Sa'd ya ruwaito cewa al-Ahnaf ibn Qays ya ce: Muna zaune a ƙofar 'Umar sai wata baiwa ta wuce, sai suka ce, "Ƙwarƙwarar Amir al-Mu'minin!" Sai ya ce, "Ba ƙwarƙwarar Amir al-Mu'minin ba ce, kuma ba ta halatta a gare shi ba. Tana daga cikin dukiyar Allah ne." Sai muka ce, "To me ya halatta a gare shi daga dukiyar Allah, Maɗaukaki ne Shi?" Ya ce, "Ba a halatta wa 'Umar daga dukiyar Allah ba sai riguna biyu: riga ta hunturu da riga ta bazara, wanda zai yi Hajji da 'Umrah da shi (watau ihrami), da abincinsa da abincin iyalinsa, kamar mutum ɗaya daga Quraish wanda ba shi ne mafi arziki a cikinsu ba, ba kuma shi ne mafi talauci a cikinsu ba. Bayan haka kuwa, ni mutum ne daga cikin Musulmai." Khuzaymah ibn Thabit ya ce: "Duk lokacin da 'Umar ya naɗa gwamna, sai ya rubuta masa, ya sanya masa sharaɗi cewa kada ya hau birdhaun (wata doguwar doki mai nauyi, ba ta Larabawa ba, daga Asiya Ƙarama ko Girka), kada ya ci abinci mai daɗi, kada ya yi ado da kayan alatu, kuma kada ya rufe ƙofarsa ga mabukata. Idan ya yi haka, to halatta ne a hukunta shi." Ikrimah ibn Khalid da wasu sun ce: Hafsah, 'Abdullah da wasu sun yi magana da 'Umar, suka ce, "Da ma ka rinƙa cin abinci mai kyau, zai ƙarfafa ka a kan gaskiya." Sai ya tambaya, "Ku duka kuna da wannan ra'ayi ne?" Suka ce, "Eh." Sai ya ce, "Na fahimci abin da shawarar gaskiya take a gare ku. Sai dai na bar abokaina biyu a kan wata hanya, idan na bar hanyarsu ba zan same su a gida ba." Ya ce: Wata masifa ta afka wa mutane a wata shekara, kuma a waccan shekarar bai ci man shanu mai narkakke ba, ko kitse.
Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Ahnaf ibn Qays said: We were sitting at "Umar’s door and a slave girl passed by, and they said, ‘The concubine of the Amir al-Mu’minin! He said, ‘She is not the concubine of the Amir al-Mu’minin, and she is not permitted to him. She is of the property of Allah.’ So we said, ‘Then what is permitted to him of the property of Allah, exalted is He?’ He said, ‘There is only permitted to cUmar of the property of Allah two garments, a garment for the winter and a garment for the summer, that with which I can perform the Hajj and the cUmrah (i.e. an ihram), my sustenance and the sustenance of my family, as a man of Quraysh who is not the wealthiest of them nor the poorest, then I am, after that, a man among the Muslims.’ Khuzaymah ibn Thabit said, ‘Whenever cUmar appointed a governor, he wrote to him and made a condition on him that he should not ride a birdhaun (a large heavy non-Arabian horse from Asia Minor or Greece), nor eat delicacies, nor dress in finery, nor lock his door against the needy. If he did that, it would be permitted to punish him.’ Tkrimah ibn Khalid and others said: Hafsah, "Abdullah and others spoke to "Umar and said, ‘If only you were to eat wholesome food it would strengthen you upon the truth.’ He asked, Are you all of this view?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘I have learnt what your sincere advice is. However, I have left my two companions on a highway, and if I abandon their highway I will not reach them in the house.’ He (Tkrimah) said: An affliction befell the people one year, and that year he did not eat clarified butter nor fat.
Ibn Mulaykah ya ce: cUtbah ibn Farqad ya yi magana da cUmar game da abincinsa, sai ya ce, ‘Allah ya yi maka rahama! Shin in ci abubuwan dadi masu tsafta a rayuwar duniya na, in kuma nemi jin daɗi da su?’ Al-Hasan ya ce: cUmar ya shiga wurin ɗansa cAsim sa’ad da yake cin nama, sai ya ce, ‘Menene wannan?’ Ya ce, ‘Mun yi sha’awar sa.’ Ya ce, ‘Duk lokacin da kuka yi sha’awar wani abu, shin kuna ci? Ya isa ɓarnar almubazzaranci ga mutum cewa yana cin duk abin da yake sha’awa.’ Aslam ya ce: cUmar ya ce, ‘Wata sha’awar kifi sabo ta shiga zuciyata.’ Shi (Aslam) ya ce: Yarfa’ ya hau raƙuminsa ya yi tafiyar mil huɗu can, mil huɗu dawowa, ya sayi kwando ya kawo shi. Sannan ya je wurin raƙumin nasa, ya wanke shi, ya tafi wurin cUmar.
Ibn Mulaykah said: cUtbah ibn Farqad spoke to cUmar about his food and he said, ‘Mercy on you! Should I eat up my wholesome sweet things in my worldly life and seek to enjoy myself with them?’ Al-Hasan said: cUmar entered in upon his son cAsim when he was eating meat and he said, ‘What is this?’ He said, ‘We had a craving for it.’ He said, ‘Every time you crave something, do you eat it? It is sufficient wasteful extravagance for a man that he eats everything for which he has an appetite.’ Aslam said: cUmar said, ‘There occurred to my heart a desire for fresh fish.’ He (Aslam) said: Yarfa’ mounted his camel and rode four miles there, four miles back, buying a basketful and bringing it back. Then he went to his camel, washed it, and went to cUmar.
Ya ce, "Mu je, in duba raƙumin." Ya ce, "Shin ka manta da wanke gumin nan da ke ƙarƙashin kunnuwansa? Ka azabtar da dabba don sha'awar cUmar? A'a! Na rantse da Allah! cUmar ba zai ɗanɗana kwandonka ba." Qatadah ya ce: cUmar yana sanya tufafi, yayin da yake halifa, wata riga ta ulu wadda aka faci sassanta da fata, kuma yana zagayawa a kasuwanni da bulala a kafaɗarsa wadda yake gyara mutane da ita. Yana wucewa da guntayen tsummoki da ragowar tsaba na dabino, waɗanda yake takawa a bazata, sai ya jefa su cikin gidajen mutane domin su yi amfani da su.
He said, ‘Let us go and I will look at the camel.’ He said, ‘Did you forget to wash this sweat beneath its ears? Have you tormented an animal for the appetite of cUmar? No! by Allah! cUmar will not taste of your basket.’ Qatadah said: cUmar used to dress, while he was khalifah, with a garment of wool patched in parts with leather, and he would go around in the markets with a whip over his shoulder with which he would correct people. He would pass bits of rags and pieces of date-stones, which he would stumble on unexpectedly, and he would throw them into people’s houses for them to use.
Anas ya ce: Na ga tsakanin kafaɗun cUmar, faci huɗu a rigarsa. Abu cUthman an-Nahdi ya ce: Na ga cUmar yana sanye da zani da aka yi masa facin fata. cAbdullah ibn cAmir ibn Rabicah ya ce: Na yi aikin Hajji tare da cUmar, bai kafa alfarwa ta gashin awaki ko ta ulu ba. Yakan jefa babbar rigar ihram dinsa da tabarmarsa a kan wani daji, sai ya nemi mafaka a ƙarƙashinsa. cAbdullah ibn cIsa ya ce: Akwai ramuka biyu masu duhu a fuskar cUmar saboda kukansa. Al-Hasan ya ce: cUmar yakan wuce ta wata aya a cikin wirdinsa (kashi na yau da kullum da yake ware domin karatu), sai ya fadi (a sume) har sai ya farfado bayan wasu kwanaki. Anas ya ce: Na shiga wani lambu mai katanga, sai na ji cUmar yana cewa, alhali akwai katanga tsakaninmu: <cUmar ibn al-Khattab, Amirul Muminin. Lallai ka yi kyau! Ka yi kyau! Na rantse da Allah, sai ka ji tsoron Allah, ya Ibn al-Khattab, ko kuwa Allah zai azabtar da kai.’ cAbdullah ibn cAmir ibn Rabicah ya ce: Na ga cUmar ya ɗauki wani tsinken ciyawa daga ƙasa yana cewa, ‘Ina fatan da ni ne wannan tsinken ciyawa. Ina fatan ni ba komai ba ne. Ina fatan mahaifiyata ba ta haife ni ba.’ cAbdullah ibn cUmar ibn Hafs ya ce: cUmar yakan ɗauki salka cike da ruwa a wuyansa. Wani ya yi masa magana game da hakan sai ya ce, ‘Rai na yana cika ni da girman kai, sai na so in ƙasƙantar da shi.’ Muhammad ibn Sirin ya ce: Wani surukin cUmar ya zo ya gan shi, ya roƙe shi ya ba shi wani abu daga bai’t al-mal, sai cUmar ya ƙi ba shi, ya ce, ‘Shin kana so in haɗu da Allah a matsayin sarki mai cin amana?’ Sannan ya ba shi dirhami dubu goma daga dukiyarsa. An-Nakhaci ya ce: cUmar yakan yi kasuwanci alhali yana khalifa. Anas ya ce: Cikin cUmar ya yi ƙugi saboda cin man zaitun a shekarar fari — ya kasance ya haramta wa kansa man shanu da aka narke — sai ya buga cikinsa da yatsansa ya ce, ‘Babu wani abu dominmu, sai mutane sun samu hanyar rayuwa.’ Sufyan ibn cUyaynah ya ce: cUmar ibn al-Khattab ya ce, ‘Mutumin da na fi so shi ne wanda yake nuna mini kurakuraina.’ Aslam ya ce: Na ga ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab yana kama kunnen doki, yana kama kunnensa da ɗayan hannunsa, sannan ya yi tsalle ya hau bayan dokin. Ibn ʿUmar ya ce: Ban taɓa ganin ʿUmar yana fushi ba, sai kuma a ambaci Allah a gabansa, ko ya ji tsoro, ko kuma wani ya karanta wata aya daga Alƙur'ani a gabansa, sai ya tsaya daga abin da yake nufin yi. Bilal ya ce wa Aslam: Yaya kake ganin ʿUmar? Ya ce: Shi ne mafi alherin mutane, sai dai idan ya yi fushi lamari ne mai girma. Bilal ya ce: Idan ina tare da shi lokacin da ya yi fushi, zan karanta masa Alƙur'ani har fushinsa ya tafi. Al-Ahwas ibn Hakim ya ruwaito daga mahaifinsa: An kawo wa ʿUmar nama da aka dafa da man shanu mai narkakke, sai ya ƙi cin su biyun. Ya ce: Dukansu kayan ɗanɗano ne. Dukkan waɗannan riwayoyi daga Ibn Saʿd suke.
Anas said: I saw between cUmar’s shoulder-blades, four patches in his shirt. Abu cUthman an-Nahdi said: I saw cUmar wearing a waistwrapper patched with leather. cAbdullah ibn cAmir ibn Rabicah said: I performed the Hajj with cUmar and he did not pitch a tent of goat’s hair nor of wool. He used to throw the upper part of his ihram and his leather mat over a bush and seek shelter underneath it. cAbdullah ibn cIsa said: There were two dark furrows in cUmar’s face from his weeping. Al-Hasan said: cUmar used to pass by an ayah in his wird (daily portion set aside to recite) and he would fall down (in a faint) until he revived after some days. Anas said: I entered a walled garden and heard cUmar saying, while there was a wall between us, <cUmar ibn al-Khattab, Amir al-Muminin. Well done! Well done! By Allah, you will fear Allah, Ibn al-Khattab or Allah will punish you.’ cAbdullah ibn cAmir ibn Rabicah said: I saw ' Umar take up a straw from the ground and say, ‘I wish I was this straw. I wish I was nothing. I wish that my mother had not given birth to me.’ cAbdullah ibn cUmar ibn Hafs said: cUmar carried a skin full of water upon his neck. Someone spoke to him about that and he said, ‘My self was filling me with conceit and I wished to humble it.’ Muhammad ibn Sirin said: An in-faw of cUmar’s came to see him and asked him to give him something from the bait al-mal and cUmar refused him and said, ‘Do you want me to meet Allah as a treacherous King?’ Then he gave him from his own property ten thousand dirhams. An-Nakhaci said: cUmar used to trade while he was khalifah. Anas said: cUmar’s stomach rumbled from eating olive oil the year of the drought - he had forbidden himself clarified butter — and he tapped on his stomach with his finger and said, ‘There is nothing else for us, until the people have the means of living.’ Sufyan ibn cUyaynah said: cUmar ibn al- Khattab said, ‘The person I like most is the one who points out to me my defects.’ Aslam said: I saw cUmar ibn al-Khattab taking hold of the ear of the horse, taking hold of his own ear with the other hand, and leaping up on the back of the horse. Ibn cUmar said: I never saw cUmar become angry, and then Allah was mentioned in his presence or he was made to fear, or a person would recite an ayah from the Qur’an in his presence, but that he stopped short of what he meant to do. Bilal said to Aslam, ‘How do you find "Umar?’ He said, ‘The best of people, except that when he becomes angry it is a mighty matter.’ Bilal said, ‘If I was with him when he became angry, I would recite Qur’an to him until his anger went.’ AI-Ahwas ibn Hakim said, narrating from his father: cUmar was brought meat dressed with clarified butter and he refused to eat the two of them. He said, ‘Both of them are seasonings.’ All of the foregoing traditions are from Ibn Sacd.
Ibn Sa'd ya ruwaito cewa al-Hasan ya ce: 'Umar ya ce, "Abu ne mai sauƙi da nake gyara al'umma da shi, wato in musanya musu shugaba da wani shugaba!"'
Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Hasan said: cUmar said, ‘It is an easy thing by which I put right a people, that I exchange them an amir in place of an amir!'