Kwa hiyo, kundi linapaswa kujifunza matendo aliyoyafanya Mtume ﷺ yaliyopelekea kuanzishwa kwa Dola ya kwanza ya Kiislamu huko Madinah. Hakika hatua za mbinu hiyo zimechukuliwa kutoka kwa Mtume ﷺ, na kanuni za da'wah zinafahamika kutokana na kipindi hicho, na da'wah itasonga mbele kwa subira na uvumilivu licha ya magumu, kama ilivyo sheria ya miito ya kweli; hakuna awezaye kuokoka nayo. Ni kama alivyomwambia Waraqah b. Nawfal Mtume ﷺ wakati wahyi ulipoanza kumshukia:

Accordingly, the group must study the actions that the Messenger 􀁕 undertook which led to the establishment of the first Islamic State in Madinah. Indeed, the steps of the method are taken from the Messenger 􀁕, and the rules of the da’wah are understood from that period, and the da’wah will force its way ahead with patience and perseverance despite the difficulties, as is the law of the true calls; no one can be saved from it. It is as Waraqah b. Nawfal said to the Messenger 􀁕 when the revelation started to come down to him:

Utakanushwa, utadhurika, utafukuzwa na utapigwa vita. Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alimuuliza, "Je, watanifukuza?" Waraqah akajibu:

“You will be belied, harmed, expelled and fought. The Messenger 􀁕 asked him, ‘Will they expel me?’ Waraqah replied:

“Hakuwepo Mtume aliyekuja kabla yako ambaye hakufukuzwa na watu wake.” Naye (Mwenyezi Mungu) alisema: “Hakika, (wengi) Mitume walikanushwa kabla yako (Ee Muhammad), lakini kwa subira walivumilia kukanushwa, na walidhurika, mpaka Msaada Wetu ukawafikia, wala hakuna awezaye kubadilisha Maneno (Maamuzi) ya Mwenyezi Mungu. Hakika imekufikia habari (khabari) za Mitume (waliokuwa) kabla yako.” [TMQ 6:34] Mbinu ya kazi ni ile ile ya mbinu ya Mtume ﷺ. Yeye ﷺ aliishi Makkah wakati ilikuwa dar al-kufr. Alifanya vitendo vya makusudi vilivyopelekea kuanzishwa kwa dar al-Islam huko Madinah. Uhamiaji kutoka Makkah kwenda Madinah, ambako Dola ya Kiislamu ilianzishwa, ndio ulikuwa mahali pa mpito kutoka dar al-kufr kwenda dar al-Islam.

‘There was not a Messenger that came before who was not banished by his people.’” He 􀀬 said; “Verily, (many) Messengers were denied before you (O Muhammad), but with patience they bore the denial, and they were hurt, till Our Help reached them, and none can alter the Words (Decisions) of Allah. Surely there has reached you the information (news) about the Messengers (before you).” [TMQ 6:34] The method of work is the same method of the Messenger 􀁕. He 􀁕 lived in Makkah while it was dar al-kufr. He undertook deliberate actions that led to the establishment of dar al-Islam in Madinah. The emigration from Makkah to Madinah, where the Islamic State was established, was the point of transition from dar al-kufr to dar al-Islam.

Hapa linazuka swali: je, kutokana na yale tuliyoyasema, inamaanisha kwamba da‘wah ya leo lazima ipitie hatua mbili - hatua ya Makka na hatua ya Madina - kama ilivyokuwa wakati wa Mtume ﷺ?

Here arises a question; from what we have said, does it mean that the da’wah today must pass through two stages - the Makkan stage and the Madinan stage - as in the time of the Messenger 􀁕?

Jibu ni kwamba wakati wa Mtume ﷺ, da'wah ilipitia hatua mbili:

The answer is that in the time of the Messenger 􀁕 the da’wah passed through two stages:

1- Hatua ya Makka ambayo ndani yake aya nyingi za itikadi, na aya chache za hukumu, zilishushwa kwa Mtume ﷺ. Muislamu hakuwa na wajibu wa kisheria zaidi ya kile kilichoshushwa wakati huo. Mtume ﷺ aliamriwa kuwasamehe watu, kuwaita kwa hekima na mawaidha mazuri, kuacha matumizi ya silaha, na kuwa na subira pale madhara yanapomfikia.

1- The Makkan stage in which most of the verses of beliefs, and few verses of rules were revealed to the Messenger 􀁕. The Muslim was not legally responsible for more than what was revealed at the time. The Messenger 􀁕 was commanded to forgive the people and call them with wisdom and beautiful preaching and desist from the use of arms and to have patience when any harm comes his way.

2- Hatua ya Madina ambayo ndani yake sehemu zilizobaki za aya za itikadi zilifunuliwa kwa Mtume ﷺ, na ufunuo wa hukumu (ahkam) ukakamilika. Mtume ﷺ aliamriwa kuanzisha sheria za Uislamu na kutekeleza adhabu (‘uqubaat), kutangaza Jihaad na kufungua nchi, na kusimamia mambo ya watu. Katika hatua hii Muislamu akawa na wajibu wa Uislamu wote.

2- A Madinan stage in which the rest of the verses of beliefs were revealed to the Messenger 􀁕, and the revelation of the ahkam was completed. The Messenger 􀁕 was ordered to establish the laws of Islam and apply the ‘uqubaat (punishments), declare Jihaad and open lands and look after the affairs of people. In this stage the Muslim became responsible for the whole of Islam.

Leo tunawajibika kwa Uislamu wote, bila kujali kilichoteremshwa Makkah au Madinah. Muislamu atahesabiwa kwa uzembe wowote kuhusu hukumu yoyote. Hivyo basi, Muislamu anawajibika kwa hukumu za talaka, ndoa, biashara, Jihaad, funga, Hijja, adhabu, ushahidi, ardhi, umiliki na sheria nyinginezo kama hizo ambazoziliteremshwa Madinah. Hata hivyo, zipo hukumu ambazo utekelezaji wake umekabidhiwa kwa Khalifa wa Waislamu, na mtu binafsi haruhusiwi kuzitekeleza, kama vile hukumu za adhabu (kwa ujumla), hukumu za Jihaad ya kushambulia ili kueneza Da'wah, hukumu za mali ya Dola, na hukumu za Khilafah. Zipo pia hukumu ambazo hazijakabidhiwa kwa Khalifa, na ni wajibu kwa Muislamu kuzifuata chini ya hali yoyote. Atahesabiwa ikiwa atashindwa kuzitekeleza, iwe zilizoteremshwa Makkah au Madinah. Kiasi kwamba Uislamu umefanya hijra kuwa wajibu kwa Muislamu anayeishi katika nchi ambayo hawezi kutekeleza hukumu binafsi. Anasema (SWT): "Hakika wale ambao malaika wanawafisha nafsi zao hali ya kuwa wamejidhulumu nafsi zao, (malaika) wanasema: 'Mlikuwa katika hali gani?' Wao husema: 'Tulikuwa wanyonge katika ardhi.' (Malaika) husema: 'Je, ardhi ya Mwenyezi Mungu haikuwa pana mkahama humo?' Basi hao makazi yao ni Jahannam, nayo ni marejeo mabaya! Isipokuwa wanaume na wanawake na watoto walio wanyonge, wasioweza kupanga hila wala kuongoka njia." {TMQ 4:97-98} Kwa hiyo, si sahihi kuzungumzia kipindi cha Makkah na kipindi cha Madinah katika hali yetu ya sasa. Hata hivyo, tunachukua na kufuata yale aliyofanya Mtume ﷺ alipokuwa Makkah tu katika yale yanayohusu hatua alizopitia katika da'wah, na vitendo alivyochukua ambavyo vilipelekea kuanzishwa kwa Dar al-Islam. Kwa upande wa kanuni za mtu binafsi, zinabaki kuwa za lazima kwa Mwislamu, awe yuko katika dar al-kufr au dar al-Islam.

Today we are responsible for the whole of Islam, regardless of what was revealed in Makkah or Madinah. The Muslim will be accounted for any negligence regarding any rule. So the muslim is answerable for the rules of divorce, marriage, selling, Jihaad, fasting, Hajj, punishments, testimonies, land, ownership and other such laws which were revealed in Madinah. However there are rules whose implementation has been entrusted with the Khaleefah of the Muslims and no individual is allowed to undertake them, such as the rules of punishments (as a whole), the rules of offensive Jihaad to spread the Da’wah, the rules of State property and the rules of the Khilafah. There are rules not entrusted with the Khaleefah and it is obligatory on the Muslim to adhere to them whatever the circumstances are. He will be accounted if he fails to comply with them; whether they were revealed in Makkah or Madinah.To the point that Islam has made migration obligatory on the Muslim who lives in a country where he is not able to perform the individual rules. He 􀀬 says; “Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for them) they (angels) say (to them): ‘In what condition were you?’ They reply:’We were weak and oppressed on earth.’ They (angels) say: ‘Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?’ Such men will find their abode in Hell - what an evil destination! Except the weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way.’” [TMQ 4:97-98] Therefore, it is not correct to speak of the Makkan phase and the Madinan phase in our current situation today. However, we take from and emulate what the Messenger 􀁕 did while he was in Makkah only in what relates to the phases he passed in the da’wah and the actions which he undertook that led to the establishment of dar al-Islam. As for the individual rules, they remain obligatory on the Muslim, whether he is in dar al-kufr or dar al-Islam.