以下这些行为在开始礼拜之前属于逊奈（Sunnah）。

The following acts are Sunnah before commencing Salaah.

1. 在居住和旅途中，于五次每日拜功的规定时间各为其宣礼（阿част？），唯独晨礼除外。晨礼的宣礼sunnah为两次：第一次在午夜之后宣礼，第二次在黎明之后宣礼。 Let me correct that and give a clean translation: 1. 无论在居住还是旅途中，都应在五次每日拜功规定的时间为其宣礼，晨礼除外。晨礼的圣行是宣两次礼：第一次在午夜之后宣礼，第二次应在黎明之后宣礼。

1. To give Adhaan for all five daily Salaah at their prescribed times during both residing and journey except Fajr. It is Sunnah to give two Adhaan for Fajr. The first one is to be given after midnight while the second one should be given after dawn.

2. 在开始履行主命拜（Fardh Salaah）之前，宣读伊卡玛（Iqaamah）。

2. To give Iqaamah just before performing the Fardh Salaah.

3. 使用米斯瓦克（Miswaak）。在任何时候使用米斯瓦克都是逊奈（Sunnah），但正在斋戒的人除外。

3. To use Miswaak. It is Sunnah to do Miswaak at any time except fasting person.

他在正午（拂晓）之后不得使用Miswaak（牙刷棒）。

He is not permitted to do Miswaak after Zawaal.

4. 在前方放置一件物品，以防止有人从前面经过。

4. To place an object in front in order to prevent someone passing by the front.

在拜功中，有两类逊奈（Sunnah）：Ab'aadh（拜功的组成部分）和Haiaat（拜功的形式）。

There are two types of Sunnah in Salaah; Ab’aadh-part of Salaah and Haiaat-form of Salaah.

拜功(صلاة,Salaah)有七个"阿巴阿德"(Ab'aadh,即次要部分)。谁遗漏其中任何一个,就必须在拜功结束时做"Sajdhah Assahw"(补救性叩拜)。这些"阿巴阿德"如下:

There are seven Ab’aadh-parts of Salaah. Whoever misses any of them will have to make Sajdhah Assahw at the end of Salaah. The Ab’aadh are as follows:

1. 坐第一个坐姿。

1. To sit for the first sitting.

2. 在第一个坐姿中诵读tashahhud（tashahhud：坐姿中诵读的祈祷词）。

2. To read Tashahhud in the first sitting.

3. 在第一次坐姿中诵读Durood。

3. To read Durood in the first sitting.

4. 在最后一次坐姿中向先知ﷺ及其家人献上祝福（durood）。

4. To send durood to the Prophet Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam and his family in the final sitting.

5. 在晨礼（Fajr）中诵读Du’aa Al-qunoot，在Witr中则只在斋月的后半段诵读。

5. To read Du’aa Al-qunoot in Fajr Salaah, and in Witr only during the second half of Ramadhaan.

6. 在站立的姿势中诵读 Qunoot（盖努特）。

6. To read Qunoot in standing position.

7. 在诵读盖努特（Qunoot）时，为先知穆罕默德ﷺ、他的家人以及圣门弟子献上durood（驱鲁德，即祝福圣词）。

7. To send Durood to the Prophet Sallalahu Alakih Wasallam, his family and the companions while reading Qunoot.

这是在礼拜末尾、诵读完泰舍海福（Tashahhud）之后、在致以萨拉姆（Salaam）之前，做两次叩头（Sajdah）。

It is to perform two Sajdah at the end of Salaah after reading Tashahhud and before making Salaam.

1. 不进行任何礼拜（Salaah）的Ab'aadh（附加动作）。

1. To not perform any Ab’aadh of Salaah.

2. 因错误而做了在故意的情况下会使礼拜无效的事，例如误发出一个字母的音。

2. To do something by mistake which invalidates Salaah if done purposely, like uttering a single letter by mistake.

3. 对拿不准已做了几拱（Rak'ah）的怀疑。如果一个人对自己已做的拱数有所怀疑，那么他应以自己确定无疑的拱数为基础完成拜功，并在拜功结束时做忘记补救的叩拜（Sajdah As-Sahw）。

3. To have doubt about Rakaaat. If one has doubt concerning the Rakaat he has performed then he should complete his Salaah on the basis of the Rakaat he has no doubt about and make Sajdah Assahw at the end of Salaah.

4. 在礼拜中念诵任何一个Qauli Rukn（2），如果在错误的位置进行，例如在鞠躬（Ruku'）、叩头（Sujood）或坐立（Juloos）时重新诵读《开端章》（Surah Al-Fatihah），这不会使礼拜无效。

4. To perform any Qauli Rukn (2) , which does not invalidate Salaah in wrong place such as re-reciting Surah Al-Fatihah in Ruku’, Sujood or in Juloos.

有许多种“Haiaat”（姿势/形式）的礼拜。以下是其中几种：

There are many Haiaat-forms of Salaah. Few of them are as follows:

1. 在开始拜时说"安拉至大"（Allahu Akbar）、行鞠躬（Ruku'）前、从鞠躬中起身以及从第一次坐的读至世尊之章（Tashahhud）后站起时，双手举至双肩的高度。

1. To raise both hands up to the shoulders when saying Allahu Akbar at the beginning of Salaah, while going to Ruku’, coming up from Ruku’ and standing up from the first sitting of Tashahhud.

2. 双手合掌，将右手置于左手之上，放在胸部下方。

2. To fold the hands placing the right over the left below the chest.

3. 诵读开端的祈祷（Du’aa）：Thanaa（赞颂） 4. 诵读 Taawudh（求庇护词） 5. 在诵读完《Al-Faatiha》章后诵读任一章。此仅适用于伊玛目（Imaam）。跟随者应当聆听伊玛目的诵读。 6. 在 Jehree 礼拜（Salaah）中大声诵读，在 Sirree 礼拜中小声诵读。

3. To read the opening Du’aa; Thanaa 4. To recite Taawudh 5. To recite any Surah after reciting Surah Al-Faatiha. This is only for Imaam. The followers should listen to Imaam’s recitation 6. To recite a loud in Jehree Salaah2 and soft in Sirree Salaah (3).

7. 在从鞠躬（ruku'）中起身和从叩头（sujud）中起身时，以及在鞠躬前俯身时，诵读"Takbeerat"（即"安拉至大"的诵词）。

7. To read Takbeerat when coming up from Ruku’ and Sajdah and while bowing down for Ruku’.

8. 在鞠躬（Ruku'）和叩头（Sujood）时诵读Tasbeeh（赞颂词）。

8. To read Tasbeeh in Ruku’ and Sujood.

9. 在读完《法提海》章后说“阿敏”。

9. To say Aameen at the end of Surah Al-Faatihah.

10. 在从鞠躬（Ruku'）中起身时说：Sami'Allahuliman Hamidah（真主听见了赞美者的赞颂），Rabbanaa Walakal Hamd（我们的主啊，一切赞美归于你）。

10. To say Sami’Allahuliman Hamidah, Rabbanaa Walakal Hamd when coming up from Ruku’.

11. 在所有坐姿中都坐在左腿上。

11. To sit on the left leg in all sittings.

12. 坐最后一次坐姿时，将臀部贴于地面，背部平放，右脚竖立，脚趾朝向克尔白方向。

12. To sit for the final sitting placing the back flat on the ground and keeping the right foot upright while the toes are facing the direction of Qiblah.

13. 将双手放在大腿上，左手手指张开，右手手指合拢，只有食指除外。

13. To place both the hands on the thighs in a manner that the fingers of left hand are left open while the fingers of right one are kept closed except the index finger.

男性与女性的礼拜有四点不同。这些不同如下：

There are four differences between the Salaah of man and woman. The differences are as follows:

1. 男子在鞠躬（Ruku'）时，应将双臂与肋骨分开，而女子则应将双臂紧贴身体两侧。

1. Man has to keep his arms away from his ribs in Ruku’ while woman has to keep her arms close to the side of her body.

2. 男子在叩头（Sujood）时，应使腹部与大腿分开；而女子则应使身体弯曲，使腹部贴近大腿。

2. Man has to keep his stomach away from his thighs in Sujood whereas woman should bend her body in such a manner that the stomach touches the thighs.

3. 男子在大声诵读的礼拜（吉赫里礼拜）中必须大声诵读，而女子在每一次礼拜中都必须小声诵读，尤其是当她在陌生男子（Ajnabee）面前礼拜时。（1）

3. Man must recite aloud in Jehree Salaah while woman has to recite soft in every Salaah especially when she is performing Salaah in presence of an Ajnabee. (1).

4. 男性应当说“Subhaanallah”，以提醒伊玛目他所犯的错误；而女性则只应拍手。

4. Man should read Subhaanallah in order to remind Imaam when he makes any mistake whilst woman should only clap her hands.

1. 礼拜前有多少个前置的（Sunan）？

1. How many pre-Sunan of Salaah are there?

2. 礼拜中有多少种Sunan(逊奈)?

2. How many Sunan are there in Salaah?

3. 礼拜中有多少个Ab’aadh（附加部分）？

3. How many Ab’aadh are there in Salaah?

4. 什么是Sujood As-Sahw（忽略礼）？

4. What is Sujood As-Sahw?

5. 是什么使得需要进行“Sajdah Sahw”（忘记礼拜的叩头）？

5. What makes Sajdah Sahw necessary?

6. 在拜中有多少个“哈亚特”（Haiaat）？

6. How many Haiaat are there in Salaah?

7. 男性与女性的礼拜有哪些区别？

7. What are the differences between male and female’s Salaah?