1. 缺水

1. Absence of water

2. 对用水的畏惧（1）

2. Fear of using water (1)

3. 即使是为了给家畜饮水而需要水，如果使用了水……

3. Being in need of water even for the drinking of a domestic animal, if water is used

以下是tayammum（干净土净法）有效的条件：

The following are the conditions for the validity of Tayammum:

1. 在进行Tayammum（干净土净）之前寻找水

1. To search water before performing Tayammum

2. 以洁净且带有尘土的土壤作为念头，意图进行坦耶盖目（Tayammum）

2. To make intention of performing Tayammum with clean and dusty soil

3. 在礼拜时间已经开始之后进行Tayammum（干净土净法）

3. To make Tayammum after the time of Salaah has begun

4. 每一次履行天经拜功时都要进行Tayammum（干净土净）

4. To perform Tayammum for every Fardh Salaah

为了履行天命拜功（Fardh Salaah）而making intention to obtain purity（为获得清洁而立意）

1. To make intention of obtaining purity for performing Fardh Salaah

2. 双手掌在地上拍击两次，然后擦拭脸部和双手，包括手肘。

2. To strike the both palms twice on the ground and make the Masah of face and both hands including the elbows

3. 在进行擦拭（Masah）的身体部位上擦拭灰尘

3. To rub the dust on the parts of body where Masah is made

4. 为了保持正确地进行tayammum（干净土净法）的次序

4. To maintain proper order in performing Tayammum

以下所列的因素会使干净土替代净法（Tayammum）失效：

The below-mentioned factors will invalidate Tayammum:

1. 所有使乌都（Wudhoo）无效的行为，也都会使塔雅姆（Tayammum）无效。

1. All the acts which invalidate Wudhoo will invalidate Tayammum as well

2. 开始礼拜前看到水

2. Sighting of water before commencing Salaah

3. 叛教

3. The apostasy

任何人身体的某个部位受伤或长了疮，就应当对受伤或长疮的部位进行摩擦（马斯哈），并洗净其余部分。

One who gets injury or pimple on any part of one’s body, one has to make the Masah of the wounded or pimpled part and wash the rest.

如果一个人身体的任何部位贴了膏药或绷带，那么他应当做干净土净（Tayammum），并在膏药或绷带上做摩擦（Masah）。如果膏药或绷带所在的部位不是做干净土净时需要擦拭的部位，并且它是在洁净状态下贴上的，同时已经做过摩擦，那么在做干净土净时就无需重复摩擦。但是，如果膏药或绷带所在的部位是做干净土净时需要擦拭的部位，并且它不是在洁净状态下贴上的，那么贴上之后所做的摩擦就不足以生效，在做干净土净时必须重复摩擦。

A person who gets a plaster or a bandage on any parts of his body then he should perform Tayammum and make Masah over the plaster or bandage. If the plaster or bandage is on a portion where Tayammum is not performed, and it has been put on in the state of Tahaarah and the Masah was made, there is no need to repeat the Masah while making Tayammum. But if the plaster or bandage is on a part which is rubbed in the Tayammum, and it has not been put on in the state of Tahaarah then the Masah that made after putting the bandage or plaster will not suffice. It must be repeated when making Tayammum.

1. 什么是Tayammum(泰亚姆穆)?

1. What is Tayammum?

2. 是什么使得Tayammum（干净的土净）得以允许？

2. What makes Tayammum permissible?

3. 解释泰雅姆（干净土净法）有效的条件？

3. Explain the conditions for the validity of Tayammum?

4. 什么是Tayammum（蒲礼）的Faraayeedh（主要条件/必备要素）？

4. What are the Faraayeedh of Tayammum?

5. 什么会使Tayammum无效？

5. What invalidates Tayammum?

6. 谁可以同时使用Wudhoo和Tayammum?

6. Who can combine Wudhoo and Tayammum?

7. 有绷带或膏药的人，其律例是什么？

7. What is the ruling concerning a person who has a bandage or plaster?