它是指通过进行乌都（小净）、古素（大净）或代替二者的台雅姆（干净）来净化自身。

It is to cleanse oneself performing Wudu-ablution, Ghusl-bath or Tayammum, an alternative of the former two.

这是指在完成如厕（Istinjaa，即回应大小便的自然需求）之后进行清洁，并清除身体、衣物和（礼拜）处所上的污秽。

It is to cleanse oneself after Istinjaa-answering to the natural calls, and remove impurity from one’s body, clothes and place (of prayer).

以下四种物品可用于清洁。

The following four can be used for cleansing.

1. 洁净的水

1. Clean water

2. 干净的泥土

2. Clean soil

3. 干净的石头

3. Clean stone

4. 刷洗（皮肤）

4. Currying (skin)

水有三种类型。

There are three types of water.

1. 本身洁净、且可用于净身的水

1. Water which is clean itself and can be used for cleansing

2. 本身洁净但不能用于净化的水

2. Water which is clean itself but cannot be used for cleansing

3. 被污染的水

3. Water which is polluted

所有种类的雨水和泉水,只要没有因混入可能污染它的东西而改变其任何性质,都是洁净的。例如海水、河水、冰水、雪水以及类似的水。

All types of rain and spring-water, which have not changed any of their qualities1 because of having been mixed with something that can pollute them. Like seawater, river-water, ice-water, snow-water and similar water.

水，若其某种或全部性质因与不会污染水的物质混合而发生改变，则分为五类。

Water, which has changed any or all of its qualities because of having been mixed with something that cannot pollute it, is of five types.

1. 因长期静止不动或因成为鱼和青蛙的繁殖之地而发生变化的水。

1. Water that has changed because of its being stagnant for a long period or due to its being birth place of fish and frogs.

2. 因所处之地、所流经之渠道，或因混入泥土或盐分而发生变化的水。

2. Water which has changed because of the place where it is standing, the channel it flows through or having been mixed with clay or salt.

3. 因无法避免的混入物而发生改变的水，例如风吹落在水中的树叶。

3. Water that has changed because of having been mixed with something impossible to avoid it, like the leaves of tree which fall on water through wind.

4. 因为某物（例如柏油）的颜色而改变了颜色的水。

4. Water that has changed due to the colour of port which has been painted, tar for instance.

5. 因附近存在的不净之物而发生变化的水。例如，一具发臭的尸体放在水边，水因风将臭味带入而改变了性质；或者水因混入了无法分离的东西，例如油或脂肪，而发生了变化。

5. Water which has changed because of the impurity that is laying nearby. A stinking corpse for instance, laying next to water and water changes its quality due to getting mixed with odour through wind. Or water that has changed because of getting mixed with something which cannot be separated such as oil or fat.

有三种水本身是洁净的，但不能用来净身。

There are three types of water which are clean themselves but they cannot be used for cleansing.

1. 水若因与某种纯净之物混合而完全改变了性状，而该纯净之物既非水的固有组成部分，也不是本就在水旁边存放的，例如糖和蜂蜜，那么这种水便不能用于净化。

1. Water which has changed completely because of having been mixed with something pure which is not an integral part of water nor is it laying nearby, like sugar and honey.

2. 已用于净身的少量水。

2. Little quantity of water that has already been used for cleansing.

3. 通过冲洗、煮沸或类似方法从任何树木中提取的水，例如玫瑰水和椰子水。

3. Water that has been extracted from any tree by rinsing, boiling or any similar method, such as rose and coconut-water.

污染的水分为两种。

Polluted water is of two types.

1. 水若因落入不洁之物而改变了其中任何一种性质，无论不洁之物的量是少是多，此水即为不洁。

1. Water which has changed any of its qualities because of falling something impure into it, whether the impurity is in little or large quantity.

2. 少量的水，即使其任何一种属性都未发生改变，只要有不洁之物落入其中，便会被污染。

2. Water which is little in quantity will be polluted when something impure falls into it, even if water has not changed any of its qualities.

1. 什么是Tahaarah（ṭahāra，洁净）？

1. What is Tahaarah?

2. 什么是从“Hadath”中的Tahaarah?

2. What does Tahaarah from Hadath mean?

3. Tahaarah（طهارة）从Khubth（خبث）中的含义是什么？

3. What does Tahaarah from Khubth stand for?

4. 可用于清洁净化的物品有多少种？

4. How many types of objects can be used for cleansing?

5. 哪种水是洁净的，可以用于净化（清洁）？

5. What type of water is clean and can be used for cleansing?

6. 哪种水被认为是已改变但本身仍然纯净的水？ 7. 哪种水是纯净的，但不能用于净化（洁净）？

6. What type of water is considered changed, but clean itself? 7. What type of water is clean but cannot be used for cleansing?

8. 哪一类水被视为不洁净的水？

8. What type of water is regarded as polluted?