斋戒（沙姆）是每一位理智、成年、有能力且已从经期和产后血中洁净的穆斯林的义务。

Sawm is Wajib for every sane and adult Muslim who is capable and cleansed from Haidh and Nifaas.

当沙阿班月满三十天，或看到斋月的新月时，应从次日开始封斋。

When the thirty days of Sha’baan month completes or the new moon of Ramadhaan is sighted, the Sawm should be observed from the next day.

1. 故意呕吐

1. To vomit intentionally

2. 通过口或鼻使某物到达喉咙

2. To reach something to the throat through mouth or nose

3. 性交

3. To have sexual intercourse

4. 自慰

4. To masturbate

5. 遵守月经期间的规定

5. To observe monthly period

6. 产后排血

6. To discharge blood after birth

7. 叛教

7. To apostatize

1. 患病且担心斋戒会对他造成严重伤害的人。

1. A sick person who fears that fasting may cause serious harm to him.

2. 踏上长途旅行的人。

2. One who sets for a long journey.

3. 怀孕或哺乳期的妇女，担心斋戒可能会对自己或胎儿/婴儿造成严重伤害。

3. A pregnant or breastfeeding woman who fears that fasting may cause serious harm to her own self or to the baby.

4. 年老而无法斋戒的人。

4. One who is too old to observe Sawm.

凡是被允许不封斋的人，只需在之后补还所缺失的斋戒。但怀孕和哺乳的妇女，若因担心对孩子造成伤害而不封斋，则应补斋，并为每一天的斋戒支付与开斋捐（Zakaatul Fitr）数额相等的赎罪金（Fidyah）。而年老到无法守斋的人，或病重且无望康复的人，则应为每一天的斋戒支付赎罪金。

One who is permitted not to keep Sawn should make only Qadhaa of the missed Sawm later. But pregnant and breastfeeding woman should make Qadhaa and give Fidyah for every Sawm equal to that of Zakaatul Fitr when they do not fast because of the fear of harm to their children. One who is too old to observe fast or too sick to get recovery then such a person should give Fidyah for every Sawm.

1. 推迟吃封斋饭（Sahoor），并尽快开斋

1. To make delay in partaking of Sahoor and make fast in breaking the Sawm

2. 用椰枣或水开斋

2. To make Iftaar with dates or water

3. 避免冒犯性的言语

3. To refrain from offensive talk

4. 尽可能多地施舍萨达卡，并尽量多诵读《古兰经》。

4. To give Sadaqah and recite the Glorious Qur’aan as much as possible

凡因房事而使斋戒无效的人，必须补还该日的斋（Qadhaa）并缴纳赎罪（Kaffaraah）。

One who invalidates the Sawm by making sexual intercourse must make both Qadhaa and Kaffaraah of that Sawm.

这是释放一名穆斯林女奴。若无力做到，则应连续斋戒两个月。若仍不能，则应供养六十名贫困者，或给每人两公斤普通食物。

It is to set free a Muslim maid slave. If one cannot afford the one should observe Sawm for two months continuously. If not then one should feed sixty poor or give every one (2) kg of the normal food.

1. 开斋节当天

1. Day of Eidul Fitr

2. 宰牲节之日与提沙维格日；宰牲节之后的3天

2. Day of Eidul Adhaa and Days of Tashreeq; 3 days following Eidul Adhaa

3. 怀疑日以及沙院月下半月，但若某人有固定的斋戒习惯，而怀疑日或沙院月下半月恰好落在他习惯斋戒的那一天，则不在此限。

3. Day of doubt and the second half of Sha’baan, except one who has a past habit of fasting and the day of doubt or second half of Sha’baan fall under the day he is habitual of fasting.

1. 每个星期一

1. Every Monday

2. 每个星期四

2. Every Thursday

3. 每个伊斯兰太阴月的第十三、第十四和第十五日

3. Thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of each lunar month

4. 斋月后的六天，接着是开斋节当天

4. The six days followed by the day of Eidul Fitr

5. 阿拉法日——祖勒黑哲月九日

5. The day of Arafah-9th of Dhul-Hijjah

6. 阿舒拉日（穆哈兰月第十日）之前或之后加一日

6. The day of Ashuraah-10th of Muharram preceded or followed by a day

凡去世前未补偿所错过的斋戒者，其继承人或近亲应为他供养六十位贫民，或代他斋戒。若某人获得已故者或其继承人的许可，则允许其代已故者斋戒。

One who dies without making Qadhaa of the Sawm which he has missed, the heirs or close relatives must feed sixty poor or keep fast on his behalf. A person who has got permission from the deceased or his heirs to fast is permitted to fast on behalf of the demised.

1. 什么是Sawm（斋戒）的含义？

1. What is the meaning of Sawm?

2. 谁有义务履行?

2. On whom is it Wajib?

3. 应当何时开始?

3. When should it be commenced?

4. 使斋戒无效的因素有哪些？

4. What are the factors that invalidate the Sawm?

5. 哪些人被允许不封斋？

5. Who are permitted not to keep Sawm?

6. 谁应当补偿（Qadhaa）错过的斋戒（Sawm）？

6. Who should make the Qadhaa of missed Sawm?

7. 斋戒的圣行(Sunnah)有哪些?

7. What are the Sunnah of Sawm?

8. 关于因房事而破坏斋戒的裁决是什么?

8. What is the ruling concerning breaking the Sawm by sexual intercourse?

9. 什么是凯法拉（Kaffaraah）？

9. What is Kaffaraah?

10. 哪些日子禁止斋戒?

10. Which days are prohibited to fast?

11. 哪些日子推荐斋戒？

11. Which days are recommended to fast?

12. 为已故之人代为斋戒的裁决是什么？

12. What is the ruling concerning fasting on behalf of a dead person?