天课
Zakaat
天课对每一位拥有应纳天课财产基数(尼萨ab)的自由、神智健全且已成年的穆斯林都是义务的。
Zakaat is obligatory for every free, sane and adult Muslim who possesses the Nisaab.
应缴天课的财产
Objects On Which Zakaah Is Waajib
1. 牛、水牛、山羊、绵羊和骆驼,前提是它们在露天牧场上放牧满一个完整的伊斯兰太阴年,并且牲畜数量不少于尼萨卜(Nisaab)。
1. Cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and camel provided that they are grazed on an open filed for a complete lunar year and the animals are not less than the Nisaab.
2. 黄金、白银,以及与珠宝并列的、妇女佩戴使用的首饰,还有商业货物:只要其价值达到尼萨布的标准,并持续满一个伊斯兰太阴年,即需缴纳天课。
2. Gold, silver beside the jewels, which a woman is using, and business stocks when one possesses equal value to the Nisaab for a complete lunar year.
3. 农作物和果实达到尼萨卜时
3. Crop and fruit when they reach the Nisaab
牛或水牛的尼萨卜
Nisaab Of Cow Or Buffalo
牛或水牛的尼萨布最低为三十头。当数量达到三十头时,天课即成为义务。三十头牛或水牛中应缴纳一岁的牛作为天课,四十头中则应缴纳两岁的牛。其余的数量也按照同样的方法计算。(1)
The Nisaab of cow or buffalo is at least thirty. When they reach thirty in number, Zakaat will be compulsory. A one year old cow or buffalo is to be given in Zakaat out of thirty cows or buffaloes while a two year old one is to be given out of forty. The same formula will be applied to the rest.(1)
羊或山羊的尼萨卜
Nisaab Of Sheep Or Goat
羊或山羊的尼萨布为至少四十只。当拥有四十只羊或山羊时,天课即成为义务。天课的详细规定如下:
The Nisaab of sheep or goat is at least forty. When there are forty sheep or goats, Zakaat will become compulsory. The detail of Zakaat is as follows:
在四十只绵羊或山羊中征收天课时,应给出一只满一岁或两岁的绵羊或山羊。
1. A one or two year-old sheep or goat is to be given in Zakaat out of forty sheep or goats.
2. 每一百二十一只绵羊或山羊中,须交出两只绵羊或山羊。
2. Two sheep or goats have to be given out of one hundred and twenty one sheep or goats.
3. 每二百零一只绵羊或山羊,应缴纳三只绵羊或山羊。
3. Three sheep or goats are to be given out of two hundred and one sheep or goats.
4. 四百分之四。
4. Four out of four hundred.
5. 四百只以上,每一百只羊或山羊收取一只羊。
5. Over four hundred, one sheep is out of every hundred sheep or goats.
骆驼的尼萨卜
Nisaab Of Camel
骆驼的价值门槛(Nisaab)从五头开始。拥有五头骆驼的人,就有义务缴纳骆驼的天课(Zakaat)。具体细节如下:
The Nisaab of camel begins from five. Whoever possesses five camels, the Zakaat of camel will be Wajib for him. The detail is as follows:
在五头骆驼的天课中应缴纳一只羊。
1. One sheep is to be given in Zakaat for five camels
2. 两者取十
2. Two for ten
3. 三比十五
3. Three for fifteen
4. 四为二十
4. Four for twenty
5. 一头一岁的骆驼,对应二十五头
5. A one year-old camel for twenty five
6. 两岁的骆驼,价值三十六(头)
6. A two year-old camel for thirty six
7. 一头三岁的骆驼,价值四十六(头骆驼)
7. A three year-old camel for forty six
一头四岁的骆驼,价值六十一
8. A four year-old camel for sixty one
9. 两头两岁的骆驼,对应七十六(的情形)
9. Two camels of two year-old for seventy six
10. 两头三岁的骆驼,价值九十一
10. Two camels of three year-old for ninety one
11. 三头两岁的骆驼,对应一百二十一
11. Three camels of two year-old for one hundred and twenty one
在一百二十一只之上,每四十只应缴一头两岁的骆驼,每五十只应缴一头三岁的骆驼。
12. Over one hundred and twenty one, a two year-old camel is for every forty and a three year-old one is for every fifty
农作物和果实的尼萨布
Nisaab Of Crops And Fruits
农作物和果实的尼萨布为收成总量的二十分之一(即1/20),前提是它们是鲜果或新鲜作物,并且经过灌溉;而去壳稻米的尼萨布则为十分之一(即1/10)。
The Nisaab of crops and fruits is one twentieth of total product 1/20 if they are fresh and have been irrigated while the Nisaab of shelled rice is one tenth 1/10.
黄金与白银的尼萨卜
Nisaab Of Gold And Silver
1. 黄金的尼萨布为20个米斯喀勒(1)。
1. The Nisaab of gold is 20 Mithqaal (1).
2. 白银的尼sāb(应纳天课的起征点)是200迪拉姆。(2)黄金和白银的天课都是应缴纳四十分之一,即2.5%。
2. The Nisaab of silver is 200 hundred Dirhams. (2) It is Wajib to give one fortieth-2.5 of both gold and silver in Zakaah.
商品的尼萨布
Nisaab Of Merchandise
如果商品在一年中的价值达到7.5图拉黄金或52.5图拉白银的价值,则应以全部商品的2.5%作为天课缴纳。
If the value of merchandise though out the year reaches the value of either 7.5 Tulah of gold or 52.5 Tulah of silver then 2.5 of the whole merchandise will be given in Zakaat.
问题
Questions
1. 天课(Zakaah)的裁决是什么?
1. What is the ruling on Zakaah?
2. 天课(Zakaah)应当缴纳于哪些财产之上?
2. What are the objects on which Zakaah is Wajib?
3. 牛和水牛的尼萨布是多少?
3. What is the Nisaab of cow and buffalo?
4. 羊的尼萨卜是多少?
4. What is the Nisaab of sheep and goat?
5. 骆驼的尼萨卜是多少?
5. What is the Nisaab of camel?
6. 农作物和果实的尼萨布是多少?
6. What is the Nisaab of crops and fruits?
7. 黄金和白银的尼ṣāb(应缴天课的起征点)是多少?
7. What is the Nisaab of gold and silver?
8. 商品的尼萨布是多少?
8. What is the Nisaab of merchandise?
(1) 每三十头牛或水牛,应缴纳天课的牛或水牛年龄增加一岁,每十头增加一岁,依此类推;例如,每十五头应缴纳三岁的牛或水牛,每十六头应缴纳四岁的牛或水牛,如此计算天课。
(1) After thirty for every ten cows or buffaloes one year will be added to the age of the cow or buffalo which is to be given in Zakaat e.g. a three year-old cow or buffalo for fifteen, a four year-old one for sixteen and like this the Zakaat of cow or buffalo will be paid.
(1) 等于 7.5 图拉 = 87.48 克
(1) Equal to 7.5 Tulah = 87.48 grams
(2)相当于52.5个图拉(Tulah)= 612.36克
(2) Equal to 52.5 Tulah = 612.36 grams
Reference: Umar Abdul Jabbaar - Elements of Shaafi Fiqh Translation: 参考文献:Umar Abdul Jabbaar《Elements of Shaafi Fiqh》
Reference: Umar Abdul Jabbaar - Elements of Shaafi Fiqh