Malamai da Alkur'ani, Sunna da ijma'in Sahabbai da Malamai sun tabbatar da abin da ke zama babban zunubi da kuma karamin zunubi. Allah ~ ya ce: ("Idan kuka nisanci manyan zunubai da aka hana ku, za Mu kankare muku kananan zunubanku, mu shigar da ku wurin shiga mai daraja (watau Aljanna).")1 Da kuma: ("Wadanda suke nisantar manyan zunubai da alfasha (zina), sai dai kananan laifuffuka. Lalle Ubangijinka Mai yalwar gafara ne.")2 Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Sallolin farilla guda biyar, da kuma daga Juma'a zuwa Juma'a na kankare zunuban da aka aikata tsakanin su, muddin ba a aikata manyan zunubai ba."3 Wadannan ayyukan kankarewa suna da matakai uku: Na farko, ba sa kankare sai kananan zunubai, saboda rauninsu da raunin ikhlasin ayyukan (watau ba a aiwatar da su da cikakken himma ba saboda wani sassauci wajen yin su), don haka suna aiki kamar magani mai rauni, wanda ba shi da karfin hana cuta. Na biyu, suna hana kananan zunubai, amma ba su kai matakin hana manyan zunubai ba. Na uku, suna da karfin kankare kananan zunubai, kuma suna da wani karfi na kankare wasu manyan zunubai. Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Ba zan sanar da ku mafi girman manyan zunubai ba?" Suka ce: "Eh, ya Manzon Allah." Ya ce: "Hada abokin tarayya wajen bauta ga Allah; rashin biyayya ga iyaye, da bayar da shaida ta karya da shaidar zur."4 Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Ku nisanci abubuwa bakwai masu halakarwa." Suka ce: "Ya Manzon Allah! Menene su?" Ya ce: "Hada abokin tarayya wajen bauta ga Allah; yin sihiri; kashe rai wanda Allah ya haramta, sai dai da gaskiya (bisa dokar Musulunci); cin riba; cin dukiyar maraya; juya baya ga makiya da gudu daga fagen yaki a lokacin fada; da zargin matan kirki masu kamun kai, wadanda ba sa tunanin komai sai tsafta, kuma muminai ne." 5 Abdullahi bin Mas'ud ~ ya ce: "Na tambayi Annabi ﷺ: 'Wane ne babban zunubi a wurin Allah?' Sai ya ce: 'Ka sanya wa Allah abokin tarayya, alhali shi ne Ya halicce ka.' Na ce: 'Lallai wannan babban zunubi ne.' Sai na ce: 'Me ke biye da shi?' Ya ce: 'Ka kashe ɗanka saboda tsoron ya raba abincinka tare da kai.' Na tambaya: 'Me ke biye da shi?' Ya ce: 'Ka yi zina da matar maƙwabcinka.' 1 Sai Allah ~ ya saukar da wannan: ( ... da waɗanda ba sa kiran wani abin bauta tare da Allah, kuma ba sa kashe rai wanda Allah ya haramta, sai da gaskiya, kuma ba sa yin zina ... ) 2

The Qur'an, Sunnah and consensus of Companions and Scholars have determined what constitutes a major or minor sin. Allah ~ said: (If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, We shall expiate from you Your small sins, and admit you to a noble entrance (i.e. Paradise))' and (Those who avoid great sins and fawahish (illegal sexual intercourse), except the small faults. Verily, your Lord is of Vast Forgiveness.)2 The Prophet :_;i said: "The Five (daily) prayers, and from one Friday Prayer to (the next) Friday Prayer is an expiation ( of the sins committed in between them), if major sins are not committed. "3 These expiating deeds have three degrees: First, they are confined to expiating small sins, because of their weakness and the weakness in the sincerity of the deeds (i.e. not implemented with utmost devotion because of some slackness in the performance), and so they act like weak medicine, which is not very effective in resisting the ailment. Second, they resist small sins, and are not able to reach the level of resisting great sins. Third, they are powerful enough to expiate small sins and still possess some power to expiate some great sins . The Prophet ~ · said: "Shall I not inform you of the biggest of the great sins?" They said: "Yes, 0 Messenger of Allah" He ~ said: "To join partners in worship with Allah; to be undutiful to one's parents, to give a forged statement and a false witness."4 The Prophet ~ said: "A void the seven great destructive sins." They (the people) asked: "O Messenger of Allah! What are they?" He :i said: "Joining partners in worship with Allah; practicing sorcery; killing a life which Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause (according to Islamic law); eating up usury (Riha), eating up the property of an orphan; turning one's back to the enemy and fleeing from the battlefield, at a time of fighting; and accusing chaste women, who never even think of anything except chastity and are good believers."5 Abdullah bin Mas'ud ~ said: "I asked the Prophet ~ : ' What is the greatest sin in the Sight of Allah?' He ~ replied: 'That you set up a rival unto Allah, though He Alone created you.' I said: 'That is indeed a great sin.' Then asked: 'What is next?' He ~ said: 'To kill your son, lest he should share your food with you.' I asked: 'What is next?' He ~ said: 'To commit illegal sexual intercourse with the wife of your neighbour' 1 so Allah ~ sent down: ( •.. and those who invoke not with Allah any other god, nor kill such life as Allah has made sacred except for a just cause, nor 2

commit illegal sexual intercourse) " Malamai sun sha banban game da adadin manyan zunubai: Abdullahi bn Mas'ud ~ ya ce: "Akwai huɗu." Abdullahi bn Umar ~ ya ce: "Akwai bakwai." Abdullahi bn Amru bn Al-'As ya ce: "Akwai tara." Wasu sun ce: "Akwai goma sha ɗaya, ko ma saba'in..." Abu Talib Al-Makki ya ce: "Na tattara maganganun Sahabbai, sai na ga cewa zunubai sune: Huɗu na zuciya: Bautawa wani wanda ba Allah ba ~ (shirka); dagewa akan aikata zunubi; kaucewa daga rahamar Allah; jin tsaro daga shirin Allah (azaba). Huɗu na harshe: Bayar da shaidar zur; zargin mata masu tsarki masu bada gaskiya; yin alƙawura masu cutarwa; yin sihiri. Uku na ciki: Shan giya (abubuwan sha masu sa maye); cin dukiyar marayu; cin riba. Biyu na al'aura: yin zina; yin luwaɗi. Biyu na hannaye: kisan ba bisa ka'ida ba; sata. Ɗaya na ƙafa: gudu daga fagen yaƙi. Ɗaya na dukkan jiki: rashin biyayya ga iyaye." Malaman da ba su raba manyan zunubai ba sun ce: "Manyan zunubai su ne duk abin da Allah ~ ya haramta a cikin Alƙur'ani; ƙananan zunubai kuwa su ne waɗanda Manzon Allah ~ ya haramta." Wasu sun ce: "Duk aikin da aka tanadar masa hukunci a duniya ko a Lahira shi babban zunubi ne, kuma wanda ba a bi shi da hukunci da aka ƙayyade a cikin Dokar Daidaito ba, misali, ana ɗaukarsa ƙaramin zunubi." Wasu kuma sun ce: "Duk wani aiki da ya sa Allah da ManzonSa su la'anci mai aikatawa, babban zunubi ne." An kuma ce: "Babban zunubi shi ne duk abin da aka ambata tun farkon Suratun Nisa'i har zuwa Ayar: (Idan kun nisanci manyan zunubai da aka hana ku, za Mu kankare muku ƙananan zunubanku)."

commit illegal sexual intercourse) " The scholars have differed over the number of the great sins: Abdullah bin Mas'ud ~ stated: "There are four." Abdullah bin Umar ~ stated: "There are seven." Abdullah bin Amru bin Al- ' As stated: "There are nine." Others have said: "There are eleven, or even seventy . .. " Abu Talib Al-Makki said: "I have gathered the statements of the Companions and found that the sins are: Four of the heart: Worshipping others besides Allah ~ (polytheism); insisting on committing a sin; despair of the Mercy of Allah; feeling safe from the Plan of Allah (Punishment). Four of the tongue: g1vmg false witness; accusing chaste believing women; making calamitous vows; practicing sorcery. Three of the stomach: Drinking wine (alcoholic drinks); consuming an orphan's property; consuming usury. Two of the private parts: committing adultery; committing homosexual acts. Two of the hands: killing unlawfully; stealing another's property. One of the feet: running away from the battlefield. One of all the body: being undutiful to one's parents." Those scholars who did not categorize great sins have said: "Great sins are everything forbidden by Allah ~ in the Qur' an; while small sins are those forbidden by the Prophet ~ -" Others have said: "Any act which is ordained to be punished in this world or in the Hereafter is a great sin, and that which is not followed by a punishment defined in the Law of Equality, for example, is regarded as a small sin." Others have also said: "Whatever act, resulting in Allah and His Messenger cursing its performer, is a great sin." It was also said: "A great sin is everything mentioned from the beginning of Surat an-Nisa' until the Verse: (If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, We shall expiate from you your (small) sins) " 3

Waɗanda ba su raba zunubai zuwa ƙanana da manya ba sun ce: "Dukkan zunubai - idan aka yi la'akari da cewa mutum ya yi wa Allah rashin biyayya da ƙarfin hali, kuma ya ƙi umarnin Allah - manyan zunubai ne." Sun kafa hujjar maganarsu da cewa Allah ~ ba ya cutuwa da zunuban bayinsa, ko ƙanana ne ko manya; dukkansu ayyukan rashin biyayya ne gare Shi, kuma Shi ~ ba ya shafuwa da su. Sun ce bai kamata mutum ya duba ƙanƙanta ko girman zunubin da kansa ya aikata ba, illa ya yi la'akari da darajar Ubangijinsa da girmansa, wanda ya yi wa rashin biyayya.

Those who did not divide sins into small and great ones have said: "All sins - considering the fact of boldly disobeying Allah and rejecting His Commands - are great sins." They justify their statement with the fact that Allah ~ is not harmed by the sins of His servants, whether they are small or great; they are all acts of disobedience to Hirn, and He ~ is not affected by them. They have said that a person should not look at the smallness or the greatness of the sin, in himself, but should consider the Worthiness and the Greatness of his Lord, whom he has disobeyed.