10 Mfumo wa utawala (mambo ya watu) - Taasisi za Dola katika Khilafah | Quran Course

10 Mfumo wa utawala (mambo ya watu) - Taasisi za Dola katika Khilafah | Quran Course

Katika huduma za afya, Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alipewa daktari kama zawadi, lakini yeye alimpangia Waislamu. Ukweli kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alipokea zawadi hiyo, asiitumie wala kuichukua kwa ajili yake mwenyewe, bali akaigawa kwa Waislamu, ni ushahidi kwamba huduma ya afya ni miongoni mwa maslahi ya Waislamu. Kuhusu ajira, Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alimwelekeza mtu mmoja kununua shoka na kukusanya kuni na kuziuza kwa watu, badala ya kuomba kutoka kwao, ambapo mmoja angeweza kumpa huku mwingine akakataa. Hivyo, kutatua matatizo ya kazi pia kulikuwa miongoni mwa maslahi ya Waislamu. Ahmad alisimulia hadithi, na Al-Tirmidhi aliithibitisha akisema: "Mtu mmoja kutoka Ansar alimwendea Mtume ﷺ na kuomba kutoka kwake sadaka. Mtume ﷺ akasema: 'Je, huna chochote ndani ya nyumba yako?' Akasema: 'Ndiyo.' Mtume ﷺ akasema: 'Niletee.' Akamletea. Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akavichukua mkononi mwake, akasema: 'Ni nani atakayenunua hivi viwili?' Mtu mmoja akasema: 'Nitavichukua kwa dirhamu mbili.' Akampa, akachukua dirhamu mbili. Akampa yule Ansari, akasema: 'Nunua chakula kwa moja yake na umpe familia yako, na kwa nyingine nunua shoka na uniletee.' Akamletea. Kisha Mtume ﷺ akaliunganisha kwa mkono wake fimbo na kusema: 'Nenda ukakusanye kuni na uziuze, wala usiniache nikuone kwa siku kumi na tano.' Akafanya hivyo, akarudi akiwa na dirhamu kumi." [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #1641]. Al-Bukhari alisimulia kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema:

In healthcare, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was given a doctor as a gift, but he assigned him to Muslims. The fact that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) received a gift and he did not use it, nor take it, rather he assigned it to the Muslims is evidence that healthcare is one of the interests of Muslims.. In regards to employment, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) directed a man to buy a robe and then an axe and collect firewood and sell to the people instead of begging from them, where somebody might give him while another would resist. Thus, solving the problems of work was also one of the Muslims' interests. Ahmad reported a hadith and Al-Tirmidhi approved it stating that:. "A man from Al-Ansar came to the Prophet (PBUH) and asked from him (sadaqah). The Messenger (PBUH) said ‘Don't you have anything in your house?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘Bring them to me.’ He brought them to him. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) took them in his hand, and said, ‘Who would buy these two?’ A man said, ‘I would take them for two dirhams.’ He gave them to him and took the two dirhams. He gave them to the Ansari and said, ‘Buy with one of them and give it to your family and buy with the other an axe and bring it to me.’ He brought it to him. Then he tied with his hand a rod to it and said, ‘Go and collect firwood and sell, and do not let me see you for fifteen days.’ He did that, and came back having ten dirhams". [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #1641]. Al-Bukhari reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:.

"Yeyote aliyechukua kutoka barabara ya Waislamu shubiri moja, Mwenyezi Mungu atamzunguka kutoka ardhi saba siku ya Hukumu." Katika mambo ya umwagiliaji, Al-Zubayr alibishana na mtu mmoja kutoka Al-Ansar kuhusu kumwagilia kutoka kijito cha maji kilichopita katika ardhi zao. Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ alisema: "Ee Zubayr, mwagilia kisha tuma maji kwa jirani yako." Hadithi hii imekubaliwa, na maneno yake ni ya Muslim. Hivyo, Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ alikuwa akiendesha mambo ya Waislamu na kutatua matatizo yao kwa urahisi na kwa unyenyekevu, bila utata. Alikuwa akitafuta msaada wa baadhi ya Maswahaba katika kuyasimamia hayo, hivyo kufanya mambo ya watu kuwa taasisi iliyokabidhiwa kwa Khalifah, au aliteua juu yake msimamizi mwenye uwezo aliyechukua jukumu lake. Hiki ndicho tunachokifuata ili kupunguza mzigo wa Khalifah, hasa kwa kuwa mambo ya watu yameongezeka na kuenea. Kwa hiyo, kutakuwa na taasisi ya mambo ya watu inayokabidhiwa msimamizi mwenye uwezo, na kuendeshwa kwa mitindo na njia zinazowarahisishia raia wanaoishi huko, zinazowapa huduma muhimu bila utata, na badala yake zinatoa wepesi na unyenyekevu. Mfumo huu unajumuisha utawala, idara na mkurugenzi. Utawala ni usimamizi wa jumla wa jambo lolote la serikali, kama vile uraia, usafiri, utengenezaji wa sarafu, elimu, afya, kilimo, ajira, barabara na mengineyo. Utawala huu ungeshughulikia usimamizi wa mambo yake yenyewe pamoja na idara na mikurugenzi yote iliyo chini yake. Idara ingeendesha mambo yake yenyewe pamoja na yale ya mikurugenzi iliyo chini yake. Mkurugenzi nao angeendesha mambo yake yenyewe pamoja na mambo ya sehemu zote na mgawanyo woteulio chini yake.

"Whoever took of the road of Muslims a handspan, Allah would encircle him from seven earths on the Day of Judgement.". In matters of irrigation, Al-Zubayr disputed with a man from Al-Ansar regarding irrigating from a stream of water flowing in their lands. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:. "O Zubayr, irrigate and then send the water to your neighbour". There is agreement over the hadith, and the words are from Muslim.. Thus, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to run the affairs of the Muslims and solve their problems easily and simply, without complication. He used to seek the help of some Sahabah in conducting that, thus making the affairs of the people an organisation entrusted to the Khalifah or he appointed over it a competent manager that took charge of it. This is what we adopt so as to reduce the burden of the Khalifah, particularly since the affairs of the people have increased and branched out. Accordingly, there would be an organisation for the people's affairs entrusted with a competent manager, and run by styles and means that facilitate the citizens living there, that provides for them the necessary services without complication and rather provides ease and simplicity.. This system consists of administrations, departments and directorates. The administration is the overall management of any government affair, such as citizenship, transportations, money coinage, education, health, agriculture, employment, roads and others. This administration would undertake the management of its own affairs and all the departments and directorates under its control. The department would run its own affairs and those of the directorates under its control. The directorate would also run its own affairs and the affairs of all the sections and divisions under its control..