9.4 Njia za kujipatia riziki za mahakimu
9.4 The judges’ means of living
Masharti ya mahakimu:
Provisions of the judges:
Al-Hafidh alisema katika Al-Fath: riziki ni kile ambacho imamu anachoweka kutoka bait al-mal kwa yeyote anayetekeleza maslahi ya Waislamu. Utawala wa mahakama ni miongoni mwa kazi ambazo inaruhusiwa kuwajibisha riziki kutoka bait al-mal kwa ajili yake, ambayo ni kazi ambayo Dola iliwaajiri kwayo kwa ajili ya maslahi ya Waislamu. Yeyote aliyeajiriwa kutekeleza kwa mujibu wa Shari'ah kazi yoyote inayohusiana na maslahi ya Waislamu anastahiki ujira, iwe kazi hiyo ilikuwa ibada au la. Ushahidi wa hili ni kwamba Allah (SWT) alitenga sehemu kwa wale wanaokusanya sadaka.
Al-Hafiz mentioned in Al-Fath: provision (rizq) is that which the imam appoints from bait al-mal to whoever discharges Muslims interests. Judiciary is one of the tasks which is allowed to obligate provision to it from bait ul-mal, which is a function the State employed them for of the interests of Muslims. Anyone who is employed to undertake in accordance with the shara any work relating to the interests of the Muslims, is entitled to a wage, whether this work was worship or otherwise. The evidence to this is that Allah (S.W.T) assigned a share to those who collect the sadaqah. .
Kwa hiyo Yeye (S.W.T) anasema: .
So He (S.W.T) says: .
"Na wale wanaozikusanya." [TMQ 9:60].
"And those who collect them." [TMQ 9:60].
Abu Dawud, Ibn Khuzaymah katika Sahih yake, pamoja na Al-Bayhaqi na Al-Hakim, wameitangaza kuwa ni sahihi kwa masharti ya masheikh wawili, na Al-Dhahabi akakubaliana nao, katika riwaya kutoka kwa Buraydah kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema:
Abu Dawud, Ibn Khuzaymah in his Sahih as well as Al-Bayhaqi and Al-Hakim, declare sound on the conditions of the two sheikhs, and agreed by Al- Dhahabi, a narration from Buraydah that the Messenger of Allah ( PBUH) said: .
"Mfanyakazi yeyote tunayemtumia na kumpa riziki, chochote atakachochukua zaidi ya hicho ni khiyana (ghulul)." [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #2943].
"Any employee we used and assigned to him provision, any provision he takes more than that is deception (ghulul)." [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #2943]. .
Al-Mawardi alisema katika Al-Hawi: "Mahakama inaruhusiwa kupokea riziki yake kutoka bait ul-mal, kwa sababu Mwenyezi Mungu (S.W.T) amewapangia wakusanyaji wa Sadaqah sehemu kutoka humo. 'Umar pia alimteua Shurayh na kumpangia riziki ya dirham mia moja kila mwezi. Khilafah ilipomfikia Ali, alimpangia dirham mia tano kila mwezi, na zaidi ya hayo Zayd ibn Thabit alipokea ujira kwa kazi ya uamuzi." Al-Bukhari alitoa maoni juu ya hili akisema: .
Al-Mawardi said in Al-Hawi: "Judiciary is allowed to take provision for it from bait ul-mal, because Allah (S.W.T) has assigned to the collectors of Sadaqah a share from it. ‘Umar has also appointed Shurayh and assigned to him provision made of one hundred dirham monthly. When Khilafah reached Ali he assigned to him five hundred dirham every month, additionally Zayd ibn Thabit took a wage for judiciary". Al-Bukhari commented on this saying: .
"Shurayh alikuwa akichukua ujira kwa kazi ya uamuzi wa mahakama." Al-Hafiz alisema akitoa maoni yake juu ya kauli hii: "Kuhusu simulizi ya Shurayh, Sa'id ibn Mansur alituambia kuwa Sufyan alitujulisha kutoka kwa Mujahid kutoka kwa Ash-Sha'bi, alisema: 'Masruq hakuwa akichukua ujira wa uamuzi wa mahakama, lakini Shurayh alikuwa akichukua.'" Al-Hafiz alitaja katika Al-Fath: "Ibn al-Mundir alitaja kwamba Zayd ibn Thabit alikuwa akichukua ujira wa uamuzi wa mahakama." Ibn Sa'd alisimulia kutoka kwa Nafi', alisema: "'Umar ibn Al-Khattab alimteua Zayd ibn Thabit kuwa jaji na akamwekea riziki." Masahaba walikubaliana kwa pamoja, pamoja na wale waliokuja baada yao, kuhusu kuruhusiwa kuchukua riziki kwa kazi ya uamuzi wa mahakama. Al-Hafiz alisema katika Al-Fath: "Abu Ali Al-Karabisi alisema: 'Si makosa kwa jaji kuchukua riziki kwa kazi ya kutoa uamuzi kama ilivyoelewa na wanazuoni wote, akiwemo Masahaba na wale waliowafuata. Hii ndiyo kauli ya wanazuoni wa mikoa mbalimbali, bila kujua tofauti yoyote baina yao. Masruq hata hivyo aliichukia hiyo, lakini hakuna aliyeikataza.'" Ibn Qudamah alitaja katika Al-Mughni: "'Umar alimwandikia Mu'adh ibn Jabal na Abu Ubaydah alipowatuma Sham, ili wamtafutie baadhi ya watu wema miongoni mwao na kuwatumia katika uamuzi wa mahakama, akasema: 'Wapeni kila msaada, waruzukuni na wawaridhishe kwa mali ya Allah.'"
"Shurayh used to take a wage over judiciary". Al-Hafiz said commenting on this comment: "As regarding the report of Shurayh, Sa’id ibn Mansur told us that Sufyan informed us from Mujahid from Ash-Sha'bi, he said, “Masruq did not use to take a wage on judiciary, and Shurayh used to take." Al-hafiz mentioned in Al-Fath: "Ibn al-Mundir mentioned that Zayd ibn Thabit used to take a wage on Judiciary". Ibn Sa'd narrated from Nafi', he said: "‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab employed Zayd ibn Thabit on judiciary and he assigned provision to him." The Sahabah made ijmaa', as well as those that came after them on the permissibility of taking provision for judiciary. Al-Hafiz said in Al-Fath: "Abu Ali Al-Karabisi said,”It is not wrong that the judge takes provision for making judiciary as conceived by all the scholars, including the Sahabah and those that followed them. This is the opinion of the jurists of the various provinces, without knowing a difference between them. Masruq however disliked that, but no one prohibited it." Ibn Qudamah mentioned in Al-Mughni, "‘Umar wrote to Muadh ibn Jabal and Abu Ubaydah when he sent them to Al-Sham, to find out some good people amongst them and use them on judiciary, he said, “do your utmost for them, provide for them and satisfy them with the wealth of Allah."