Dola ya Kiislamu ni Khilafah. Ndiyo uongozi wa juu kabisa juu ya Waislamu wote duniani, kwa hiyo ikiwa Khalifah alipewa bay'ah halali katika nchi yoyote ya Kiislamu, na Khilafah ikaanzishwa, basi ni haramu kwa Waislamu duniani kote kuanzisha Khilafah nyingine. Hii ni kwa sababu ya kauli ya Mtume ﷺ: .

he Islamic State is the Khilafah. It is the supreme leadership over all the Muslims worldwide, so if a Khalifah was given a legitimate bayah in any Muslim country, and Khilafah was established, then it is forbidden upon Muslims worldwide to establish another Khilafah. This is due to the saying of the Messenger (PBUH): .

"Ikiwa bai'ah ilichukuliwa kwa makhalifa wawili, basi muue wa mwisho kati yao." [Muslim, Sahih, #1853].

“If bayah was taken to two Khalifahs, then kill the latter of them.” [Muslim, Sahih, #1853].

Khilafah imeanzishwa kwa ajili ya kutekeleza hukumu za Sharia ya Kiislamu kwa kutumia dhana ambazo Uislamu umeleta na kanuni ambazo umezitunga; pia kwa ajili ya kufikisha Ujumbe wa Kiislamu duniani. Ujumbe huo unafikishwa kwa kuwatambulisha watu Uislamu na kuwaita waukubali, na kwa kufanya Jihadi katika njia ya Allah. Khilafah pia inajulikana kama Imamah au Imaratul-Mu‘mineen (uongozi wa Waumini). Ni cheo cha kidunia na si cheo kinachohusiana na Akhera. Khilafah ipo ili kuutekeleza Uislamu kwa watu na kuueneza miongoni mwao. Hakika ni tofauti kabisa na Unabii.

Khilafah is established for implementing the rules of the Islamic Sharia using the concepts that Islam has brought and the rules that it has legislated; and also to convey the Islamic Message to the world. The message is conveyed by introducing Islam to the people and calling on them to embrace it and performing Jihad in the way of Allah. Khilafah is also known as Imamah or Imaratul-Mu‘mineen (leadership of the believers). It is a temporal post and not a post related to the hereafter. The Khilafah exists to implement Islam on people and to spread it among them. It is definitely different to the Prophethood. .

Unabii ni msimamo wa kiteolojia ambao Allah (S.W.T) humpa yeyote amtakaye. Ukhalifa, kwa upande mwingine, ni wadhifa wa kibinadamu ambapo Waislamu hutoa bay'ah kwa yeyote wamtakaye, na kumteua juu yao kuwa Khalifah yeyote wamtakaye miongoni mwa Waislamu. Mtume wetu Muhammad ﷺ alikuwa mtawala aliyetekeleza Sharia aliyoipokea kutoka kwa Allah (S.W.T).

The Prophethood is a theological position, which Allah (S.W.T) gives to whomever He wishes. The Khilafah on the other hand is a human post whereby the Muslims give their bayah to whomever they wish, and appoint whomever they like over them as Khalifah from among the Muslims. Our Messenger Muhammad (PBUH) was a ruler who implemented the Shariah which he received from Allah (S.W.T). .

Kwa hiyo, yeye (ﷺ) alishika cheo cha Unabii na Utume, na wakati huo huo akachukua nafasi ya kuwaongoza Waislamu katika kutekeleza hukumu za Uislamu. Hivyo, Allah (SWT) alimwamuru atawale pamoja na kufikisha Ujumbe.

So He (PBUH) held the Prophethood and the Messengership and at the same time assuming the post of presiding over the Muslims in implementing the rules of Islam. Allah (S.W.T) thus commanded him to rule as well as to convey the Message. .

Yeye (S.W.T) alimwamuru Yeye (ﷺ): "Na hukumu baina yao kwa yale aliyoteremsha Mwenyezi Mungu" [TMQ 5:49].

He (S.W.T) ordered Him (PBUH):. "And judge between them by that which Allah has revealed" [TMQ 5:49] .

Yeye (S.W.T) pia anasema: .

He (S.W.T) also says: .

Hakika Tumekuteremshia Kitabu kwa haki ili uwahukumu watu kwa yale ambayo Allah amekuonyesha. [TMQ 4:105]

"We have sent down to you the Book in truth so that you judge between people by that which Allah has shown you" [TMQ 4:105].

Allah (S.W.T) pia anasema: .

Allah (S.W.T) also says: .

"Ee Mtume! Fikisha yale ambayo yameteremshwa kwako kutoka kwa Mola wako" [TMQ 5:67].

"O Messenger! Proclaim the (message) which has been sent to you from your Lord" [TMQ 5:67] .

"Ee wewe uliyejifunika. Simama ufanye onyo." [TMQ 74:1, 2].

"O you wrapped up. Arise and deliver warning." [TMQ 74:1, 2].

Hivyo basi, Mtume ﷺ alikuwa na nyadhifa mbili: nafasi ya Unabii na ya kufikisha Ujumbe, na nafasi ya kiongozi wa Waislamu katika maisha ya dunia kwa ajili ya kutekeleza Sharia ya Mwenyezi Mungu iliyoteremshwa kwake.

Thus, the Messenger (PBUH) held two posts: the post of Prophethood and conveyor of the Message, and the post of the leader of the Muslims in the worldly life for implementing the Shariah of Allah revealed to him. .

Hata hivyo, Ukhalifa baada ya Mtume wa Allah (ﷺ) ulishikwa na wanadamu, ambao hawakuwa Mitume. Hivyo inawezekana kwa makhalifa kama binadamu kufanya makosa, kusahau, kusahau kwa kuchanganyikiwa, kutenda dhambi na mambo mengine. Hii ni kwa sababu ni binadamu, hivyo hawana kinga ya kutokosea, kwa kuwa wao si Manabii wala Mitume. Mtume wa Allah (ﷺ) ametujulisha kwamba Imamu anaweza kukosea, na ametujulisha kwamba Imamu anaweza kufanya mambo ambayo watu wanayachukia na kumlaani kwayo, kama vile dhulma, uasi na mambo mengine. Pia ametujulisha kwamba kufru dhahiri inaweza kutokea kutoka kwa Imamu. Muslim amepokea kutoka kwa Abu Huraira kwamba Mtume wa Allah (ﷺ) alisema: .

However, the Khilafah after the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was held by humans, who were not Messengers. It is thus possible for the khulafa’ as humans to make mistakes, being absent minded, being forgetful as well as committing a sin and other things. This is because they are humans, so they are not infallible, for they are not Prophet or messengers. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has informed us that the Imam may make a mistake and he informed us that the Imam may do things which people hate and curse him for, like oppression, disobedience and other things. He also informed us that open Kufr might appear from the Imam. Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

“Hakika Imamu ni ngao tu ambayo nyuma yake watu hupigana na kujikinga nayo. Basi akituamuru kumcha Mwenyezi Mungu na akawa mwadilifu, atapata thawabu sawa na hizi; na akiamuru kinyume na hayo, dhambi yake itakuwa sawa na hiyo.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #2957]

“Verily the Imam is but a shield from behind which the people fight and with which they protect themselves. So if he ordered us to observe the taqwa of Allah and he was just he would have equal to these (actions) in reward and if he ordered other than that it would be against him equal to that.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #2957] .

Hii inamaanisha kwamba inawezekana Imamu akaamuru kwa jambo lisilo la kumcha Allah. Muslim pia amepokea kutoka kwa ‘Abdullah (ibn Mas’ud) aliyesema: Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema:

This means that it is possible that the Imam may command with other than the fear of Allah. Muslim also narrated from ‘Abdullah (ibn Mas’ud) who said the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

"Baada yangu patakuwepo ubinafsi na mambo mtayachukia." Wakasema: 'Ee Mjumbe wa Allah, je, utawaamrisha nini mmoja wetu atakayeyashuhudia hayo?' Akasema ﷺ: "Mtoe haki ya haki iliyo juu yenu, na mumuombe Allah kile ambacho ni haki yenu." [Bukhari, Sahih, #7052].

“There would be after me selfishness and matters which you hate.” They said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, how do you order the one from us who would witness that?’ He (PBUH) said: “You should offer the right due upon you, and you ask from Allah the thing which is due to you.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7052] .

Bukhari alisimulia kwa mapokezi ya Junada b. Abi Umayah aliyesema: "Tulimwendea 'Ubadah b. al-Samit alipokuwa mgonjwa, nasi tukasema: Allah (S.W.T) akuongoze. Tuarifu hadithi kutoka kwa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ ili Allah akunufaishe nayo. Akasema: ."

Bukhari narrated on the authority of Junada b. Abi Umayah who said: “We went to ‘Ubadah b. al-Samit when he was sick and we said may Allah (S.W.T) guide you. Inform us of a Hadith from the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) so Allah may benefit you from it. He said: .

"Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alituita, nasi tukampa bay'ah, akasema, katika yale aliyotuchukulia ahadi: tumsikilize na kumtii, katika tunayopenda na tusiyoyapenda, katika hali ngumu na hali nyepesi, na kwamba tusibishane na mamlaka yake juu ya watu isipokuwa tuone kufuru wazi ambayo tuna ushahidi nayo kutoka kwa Allah." [Bukhari, Sahih, #7055]

“The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) called upon us and we gave him the bayah, and he said of that which he had taken from us that we should give him the pledge to listen and obey, in what we like and dislike, in our hardship and ease, and that we should not dispute his authority over the people unless we saw open Kufr upon which we had a proof from Allah.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7055] .

Aisha amesimulia kuwa Mjumbe wa Allah (SWT) alisema: .

Aisha narrates that the Messenger of Allah (S.W.T) said: .

"Ziondoleeni adhabu zisiwafikie Waislamu kadri mnavyoweza, hivyo ikiwa mshtakiwa ana njia yoyote ya kutoka, mwachilieni huru, kwa kuwa ni bora kwa Imamu kukosea katika kusamehe kuliko kukosea katika kutoa adhabu." Imepokewa na [Tirmidhi, Sunan, #1424].

“Avert the punishments from the Muslims as much as you can, so if the accused has any way out let him go free, because it is better for the Imam to make a mistake in forgiving than to make a mistake in imposing the punishment.” Narrated [Tirmidhi, Sunan, #1424] .

Hadithi hizi zinaonyesha wazi kwamba inawezekana kwa Imamu kufanya makosa, kusahau au kuasi. Licha ya hayo, Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ ameamuru utiifu kwake mradi anatawala kwa mujibu wa Uislamu, hakuna ukafiri wa wazi unaotoka kwake, na haamrishi dhambi. Kwa hiyo Makhalifa waliokuja baada ya Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ ni wanadamu, wanaofanya mema na mabaya, si wasio na makosa, yaani si Manabii. Kwa hiyo si sahihi kusema kwamba Ukhalifa ni dola ya kitheolojia. Badala yake ni dola ya kibinadamu, ambamo Waislamu hutoa bay'ah kwa Khalifa ili atekeleze sheria za Shari'ah ya Kiislamu.

These Ahadith clearly make the point that it is possible for the Imam to make a mistake, forget or disobey. Despite this, the Messenger of Allah ( PBUH) has ordered obedience to him as long as he governs by Islam and no open Kufr occurs from him and he does not command with sin. Therefore, the Khulafa’ who came after the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) are humans, who do both right and wrong, and they are not infallible, i.e. they are not Prophet. Therefore it is incorrect to say that the Khilafah is a theological state. It is rather a human State, in which Muslims give bayah to a Khalifah for implementing the rules of Islamic Shariah.