Wasaidizi ni wazīri ambao Khalifah huwateua kumsaidia katika kutekeleza kazi na majukumu ya Khilafah. Kazi nyingi zipo katika Khilafah, hasa pale Dola inapokua na kupanuka, na hizi zingekuwa mzigo mzito kwa Khalifah peke yake. Kwa hiyo anahitaji watu wa kumsaidia kubeba mzigo huu na kutekeleza majukumu yake.

The assistants are the wazirs whom the Khalifah appoints to assist him in discharging the tasks and responsibilities of the Khilafah. There are numerous tasks in the Khilafah, especially when the State is growing and expanding, and these would be a heavy burden for the Khalifah alone. Hence he needs people to help him in carrying this burden and discharging his responsibilities. .

Ni batili kuwaita mawaziri bila masharti, vinginevyo maana ya wazir katika Uislamu itachanganyika na maana yake katika mifumo ya kibinadamu ya sasa inayotegemea msingi wa kidunia, wa kibepari na wa kidemokrasia, au mifumo mingine tunayoiona leo.

It is invalid to call them wazirs without restriction, otherwise the meaning of wazir in Islam will be confused with its meaning in the current man made systems based on the secular, capitalist democratic basis, or other systems we observe today. .

Mu'awin at-tafwid, yaani msaidizi mwenye mamlaka ya kukabidhiwa, ni waziri anayeteuliwa na Khalifah ili kubeba pamoja naye jukumu la kutawala na mamlaka. Hivyo, Khalifah humkabidhi utekelezaji wa mambo kulingana na maoni yake mwenyewe, na kuyatekeleza kulingana na ijtihad yake, kwa mujibu wa hukumu za Mwenyezi Mungu (SWT). Kwa hiyo Khalifah humkabidhi uchunguzi wa jumla wa mambo na naibu wa jumla.

The delegate assistant or mu’awin at-tafwid is the wazir appointed by the Khalifah to carry with him the responsibility of ruling and authority. So, the Khalifah delegates to him the discharge of the affairs according to his own opinion and to execute them according to his own ijtihad, in accordance with the divine rules. Thus the Khalifah delegates to him general examination of the affairs and general deputyship. .

Al-Hakim na at-Tirmidhi walisimulia kutoka kwa Abi Sa'id al-Khudri kwamba Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema:

Al-Hakim and at-Tirmidhi reported from Abi Sa’id al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

"Mawaziri wangu wawili kutoka mbinguni ni Jibra'il na Mika'il, na mawaziri wangu wawili duniani ni Abu Bakr na 'Umar." [Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, juz. 1, uk. 10, #3046 na Tirmidhi, Sunan, #3680].

“My two ministers (wazirs) from the heavens are Jibra’il and Mika’il and my two ministers on the earth are Abu Bakr and ‘Umar.” [Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, vol.1, p.10, #3046 and Tirmidhi, Sunan, #3680] .

Neno ‘wazir’ katika Hadithi lina maana ya msaidizi na mwenye kusaidia, ambayo ndiyo maana ya kilugha. Limetumika katika Qur’an kwa maana hiyo pale Allah (S.W.T) anaposema: .

The word ‘wazir’ in the Hadith means the helper and the assistant, which is the linguistic meaning. It has been used in the Qur’an with such a meaning when Allah (S.W.T) says: .

"Nipe waziri kutoka familia yangu." [TMQ 20:29].

‘Give me a minister from my family.’ [TMQ 20:29].

Pia inamaanisha msaidizi na mshirikishi. Neno wazir katika Hadith lina maana ya jumla (mutlaq), ambayo inajumuisha msaada au usaidizi wowote katika jambo lolote. Kwa hiyo, anaweza kumsaidia Khalifah katika kazi na majukumu ya Khilafah. Hadith ya Abi Sa’id al-Khudri haihusu usaidizi katika suala la utawala pekee, kwa sababu Jibra’il na Mika’il, wazirs wawili wa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ kutoka mbinguni, hawana uhusiano wowote wa kumsaidia katika majukumu na kazi za utawala. Kwa hiyo neno wazirai (wazirs wangu wawili) katika hadith haliashirii chochote zaidi ya maana ya kilugha, yaani wasaidizi wangu wawili. Pia inafahamika kutoka kwa hadith hii kwamba inaruhusiwa kuwa na zaidi ya msaidizi mmoja.

It also means a helper and assistant. The word wazir in the Hadith is unrestricted (mutlaq) which includes any help or assistance in any matter. Therefore he can assist the Khalifah in the functions and the tasks of the Khilafah. The Hadith of Abi Sa’id al-Khudri is not specific to assistance in the matter of ruling, because Jibra’il and Mika’il, the two wazirs of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) from heaven, have no relationship in helping him in the responsibilities and functions of ruling. Therefore the word wazirai (my two wazirs) in the hadith does not indicate other than the linguistic meaning, which is my two assistants. It is also understood from the hadith that it is allowed to have more than one assistant. .

Ingawa Abu Bakr na ‘Umar hawakuonekana kushiriki kazi ya utawala pamoja na Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, kumteua kwake wao kuwa mawaziri wawili kunawapa wajibu wa kumsaidia katika kila jambo bila kizuizi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mambo na kazi za utawala. Baada ya Abu Bakr kuwa Khalifah, alimteua ‘Umar b. al-Khattab kuwa msaidizi wake, na msaada wake ulionekana wazi. ‘Umar alipokuwa katika wadhifa wa Ukhalifa, ‘Uthman na ‘Ali walikuwa wasaidizi wa ‘Umar, lakini hawakuonekana kutekeleza jukumu lolote la kumsaidia ‘Umar katika mambo ya utawala. Hali yao ilifanana na ya Abu Bakr na ‘Umar pamoja na Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ. Wakati wa ‘Uthman, ‘Ali na Marwan b. al-Hakam walikuwa wasaidizi wake wawili.

Though Abu Bakr and ‘Umar did not appear to have carried the task of ruling along with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), appointing them as two wazirs to himself gives them the mandatory powers of assisting him in every matter without restriction, including the matters and tasks of ruling. After Abu Bakr became the Khalifah, he appointed ‘Umar b. al-Khattab as an assistant to him and his assistance was very evident. Once ‘Umar held the post of the Khilafah, ‘Uthman and ’Ali were ‘Umar’s assistants, but they did not appear to carry out any role of assistance to ‘Umar in the matters of ruling. Their situation was similar to that of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). At the time of ‘Uthman, ’Ali and Marwan b. al-Hakam were his two assistants. .

Hata hivyo, 'Ali hakufurahishwa na baadhi ya mambo, hivyo akabaki mbali. Hata hivyo, Marwan ibn Al-Hakam wazi kabisa alimsaidia 'Uthman katika kazi za utawala. Ikiwa msaidizi aliyewakilishwa angekuwa mwaminifu, angekuwa na manufaa makubwa kwa Khalifah. Angemkumbusha kila jambo jema na kumsaidia katika kulitekeleza. Ilipokewa kutoka kwa Aisha (ra) kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: .

However ’Ali was unhappy about some affairs, so he remained distant. However, Marwan ibn Al-Hakam quite evidently assisted ‘Uthman in the tasks of ruling. If the delegate assistant was honest, he would be of great advantage to the Khalifah. He would remind him of everything good and help him in its execution. It was narrated from Aisha (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

"Ikiwa Allah angetaka jambo jema kwa amiri, angemfanyia wazīri mwaminifu. Akisahau jambo, humkumbusha; na akikumbuka, humsaidia katika jambo hilo. Na ikiwa Allah angetaka jambo jingine kwake, angemfanyia wazīri mbaya. Akisahau jambo, hamkumbushi; na akikumbuka, hamsaidii katika jambo hilo." [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #2932] Imepokewa pia na Ahmad [katika Musnad]. Al-Nawawi alisema isnadi yake ni nzuri (jayyid), na Al-Bazzar aliipokea kwa isnadi yake, kuhusu hiyo Al-Haythami alisema: "wapokezi wake wote ni sahihi."

“If Allah wished something good to the amir he would make for him an honest wazir. When he forgets something, he would remind him, and if he remembered it he would help him in it. If Allah wished to him something else, he would make for him a bad wazir. When he forgets something, he would not remind him, and if he remembered it he would not help him in it.” [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #2932]It was narrated by Ahmad [in the Musnad]. Al-Nawawi said its isnad is good (jayyid) and Al-Bazzar narrated through his isnad regarding which Al-Haythami said: “its transmitters are all sahih”. .

Kwa kuchunguza kazi ya msaidizi wakati wa Mtume (PBUH) na wakati wa Khulafa’ al-Rashidun, tunaona kwamba msaidizi anaweza kupewa jukumu katika masuala maalum, ambapo ana haki ya kuyachunguza kwa ujumla. Pia anaweza kuteuliwa kuwa na jukumu la uchunguzi wa jumla katika masuala yote. Vilevile anaweza kuteuliwa mahali maalum na kuwa na jukumu la uchunguzi wa jumla, pamoja na kuteuliwa katika sehemu mbalimbali akiwa na jukumu la uchunguzi wa jumla. Imepokewa na al-Bukhari na Muslim kupitia Abu Hurayrah ﷺ, alisema:

By examining the work of the assistant at the time of the Messenger (PBUH) and the time of the khulafa’ al-rashidun, we find the assistant might be assigned to specific issues, where he is entitled of their general examination. He might also be appointed to have general examination in all the issues. He can also be appointed in a (certain) place and has the task of general examination, as well as in various places with a task of general examination. It has been narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim through Abu Hurayarah, he said: .

Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alimtuma ‘Umar kuwa msimamizi wa sadaka. [Bukhari, Sahih, #1468 na Muslim, Sahih, #2274].

“The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) sent ‘Umar as responsible for sadaqah.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #1468 and Muslim, Sahih, #2274] .

Ibn Khuzaymah na Ibn Hibban wameripoti:

Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban reported: .

"Wakati Mtume wa Allah ﷺ aliporudi kutoka umra ya Ji'ranah, alimtuma Abu Bakr awe mwenye jukumu la hija." [Al-Nasa'i, Sunan, #2993].

“When the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) returned back from the umrah of Ji’ranah, he sent Abu Bakr responsible for hajj.” [Al-Nasa’i, Sunan, #2993] .

Hii inamaanisha kwamba Abu Bakr na ‘Umar (ra), wasaidizi wawili wa Mtume wa Mwenyezi Mungu (ﷺ), walipewa jukumu la usimamizi wa jumla katika kazi maalum wakati wa Mtume wa Mwenyezi Mungu (ﷺ), ingawa walikuwa wasaidizi wawili (wazirs) waliowekwa kwa usimamizi wa jumla na naibu wa Khalifa, kama inavyohitajika na wizara ya unaibu. Ilikuwa hivyo pia kwa ‘Ali na ‘Uthman wakati wa ‘Umar. Hata wakati wa Abu Bakr, msaada wa ‘Umar kwa Abu Bakr ulionekana wazi katika usimamizi wa jumla na unaibu, hadi baadhi ya Maswahaba wakamwambia Abu Bakr, “Hatujui nani ni Khalifa? Je, ni ‘Umar au wewe?” Hata hivyo, Abu Bakr alimteua ‘Umar katika wadhifa wa mahakama katika baadhi ya vipindi, kama ilivyoripotiwa na al-Bayhaqi kupitia riwaya ambayo ilithibitishwa na al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani]. Kwa hiyo, inaeleweka kutoka katika Siyrah ya Mtume (ﷺ) na Khulafaa’ Rashidun baada yake kwamba msaidizi amekabidhiwa usimamizi wa jumla na unaibu. Hata hivyo, inaruhusiwa kwa msaidizi kuteuliwa kwa mahali maalum au kazi maalum, kama Mtume (ﷺ) alivyofanya kwa Abu Bakr na ‘Umar, na kama Abu Bakr alivyofanya kwa ‘Umar. Hii ni sawa na kumteua msaidizi mmoja kufuatilia mikoa ya kaskazini huku mwingine akifuatilia mikoa ya kusini ya dola ya Khilafah. Khalifa pia anaruhusiwa kumweka msaidizi wa kwanza katika nafasi ya wa pili na wa pili katika nafasi ya wa kwanza. Anaweza kumwelekeza msaidizi mmoja kwenye kazi maalum, na mwingine kwenye kazi tofauti, kwa namna yoyote anayoona inafaa kumsaidia Khalifa. Katika hali kama hizi, msaidizi hahitaji uteuzi mpya; anahitaji tu kuhamishwa kutoka kazi moja kwenda nyingine. Hii ni kwa sababu amekabidhiwa awali usimamizi wa jumla na unaibu, na kazi hizi zote ziko ndani ya uteuzi wake kama msaidizi. Msaidizi hutofautiana katika hili na wali (gavana), ambaye amekabidhiwa uchunguzi wa jumla katika sehemu moja bila kuhamishwa kutoka hapo. Iwapo atahamishwa, angehitaji uteuzi mpya, kwa sababu mahali papya hakujumuishwa katika uteuzi wa awali. Hata hivyo, msaidizi amekabidhiwa uchunguzi wa jumla na naibu, hivyo anaruhusiwa kuhamishwa kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine bila haja ya unaibu mpya, kwa kuwa kimsingi amekabidhiwa uchunguzi wa jumla na unaibu katika kazi zote.

This means Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (ra), the two assistants of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), were charged with general examination in specific tasks at the time of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), though they were two assistants (wazirs) that were appointed with general examination and deputyship, as is required by the ministry of deputyship. This was the case of ’Ali and ‘Uthman at the time of ‘Umar. Even at the time of Abu Bakr, the assistance of ‘Umar to Abu Bakr was evident in the general examination and deputyship, to the point that some of the Sahabah said to Abu Bakr, “We do not know who the Khalifah is? Is it ‘Umar or you?’ Yet, Abu Bakr appointed ‘Umar in a post of judiciary in some periods, as it is reported by al-Bayhaqi through a narration which was corroborated by al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar al- ‘Asqalani]. Thereupon, it is understood from the Seerah of the Messenger (PBUH) and the khulafa’ Rashidun after him that the assistant is entrusted with the general examination and deputyship. However, it is allowed that the assistant is designated to a specific place or task, as the Prophet (PBUH) did with Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, and as Abu Bakr did with ‘Umar. This is like appointing an assistant to follow up the northern regions whilst appointing another to follow up the southern regions of the Khilafah state. The Khalifah is allowed also to put the first assistant in the position of the second and the second in the position of the first. He can direct one assistant to a specific task, and another to a different task, anyway he deems fit to help the Khalifah. In such cases an assistant does not require a new designation; he needs only to be transferred from one task to another. This is because he is entrusted originally with the general examination and deputyship, and all of these tasks are within his appointment as an assistant. The assistant differs in this regard from the governor (wali), where the governor is entrusted with the general examination in one place without being transferred from it. In case he is transferred he would rather need new appointment, because the new place is not included in the first appointment. However, the assistant is entrusted with the general examination and deputyship, so he is allowed to be transferred from one place to another without the need of new deputyship, since he is in origin entrusted with the general examination and deputyship in all the tasks. .

Kutokana na haya yote inaeleweka kwamba Khalifa anamteua msaidizi wake kuwa naibu katika mikoa yote ya dola, akiwa na jukumu la jumla la kusimamia kazi zote. Hata hivyo, anaruhusiwa kumkabidhi jukumu maalum, kama vile kuwajibika kwa wilaya za mashariki, na jingine kwa wilaya za magharibi, na kadhalika. Umuhimu wa mpangilio kama huu unadhihirika pale ambapo kuna wasaidizi wakabidhiwa zaidi ya mmoja, ili majukumu yao yasigongana.

It is understood from all of this that the Khalifah appoints his assistant deputyship in all the regions of the state, with the general examination of all the tasks. However, he is allowed to charge him with a specific task, such as responsibility for the eastern districts, and another for the western districts, and so on. The importance of such an arrangement is evident in the case of having more than one delegated assistant, so their tasks would not conflict. .

Kwa kuwa Khalifah atahitaji zaidi ya naibu msaidizi mmoja, hasa kutokana na ukubwa mkubwa wa dola, kuwaruhusu kila mmoja wao kutekeleza kazi zake kote katika dola kungeleta matatizo katika kutekeleza majukumu yao. Hii ni kutokana na uwezekano wa kuingiliana kunakotokana na usimamizi wa jumla na uwakilishi ambao kila mmoja wao anao.

Since, the Khalifah will need more than one deputy assistant, particularly because of the vast size of the state, allowing each one of them to conduct tasks all over the state would create problems in discharging their tasks. This is due to the possibility of interference that results from the general examination and deputyship, which each one of them has. .

Kwa hiyo, tunakubali: .

Therefore, we adopt: .

Kwa upande wa uteuzi: msaidizi amekabidhiwa jukumu la usimamizi wa jumla na naibu wa kazi hiyo, katika nchi nzima.

• In terms of appointment: the assistant is entrusted with the general examination and deputyship, all over the state. .

Kwa upande wa vitendo: yeye amepewa jukumu la kusimamia sehemu fulani ya dola. Hii ina maana kwamba Ukhalifa umegawanywa katika mikoa (wilaya) miongoni mwa wasaidizi waliopewa mamlaka. Msaidizi mmoja atasaidia upande wa mashariki, mwingine upande wa magharibi, wa tatu upande wa kaskazini, na kadhalika.

• In terms of action: he is charged with a task in a part of the state. This means the Khilafah is divided into states (wilayaat) among the delegated assistants. One assistant would help in the east, while the other in the west, a third in the north, and so on. .

• Kwa upande wa uhamisho: msaidizi huhamishwa kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine na kutoka kazi moja hadi nyingine bila haja ya uwakilishi mpya. Badala yake, huhamishwa kwa kuzingatia uwakilishi wake wa awali, kwani chanzo cha uwakilishi wake ni kuwa msaidizi aliyekabidhiwa anayeshughulikia kazi zote.

• In terms of transference: the assistant is transferred from one place to another and from one task to another without the need of new deputyship. He is rather transferred based on his first deputyship, for the origin of his deputyship is being a delegated assistant that covers all tasks.