Neno "Ulil-Amr" hutumiwa tu linapomrejelea Waislamu na halitumiwi kamwe linapomrejelea wasio Waislamu. Hii ni dalili zaidi kwamba wenye mamlaka lazima wawe Waislamu. Kwa kuwa Khalifah ndiye aliye katika nafasi ya juu kabisa ya mamlaka na ndiye mwenye jukumu la kuteua wengine katika nyadhifa za mamlaka kama wasaidizi wake, Walis na ‘Amils, yeye mwenyewe lazima awe Muislamu.
The phrase “Ulil-Amr” is only used when referring to Muslims and never when referring to non-Muslims. This provides further evidence that those in authority must be Muslim. Since the Khalifah is in the highest position of authority and is responsible for appointing others to positions of authority such as his assistants, Walis and ‘amils, he himself, must be Muslim. .
2. Khalifa lazima awe mwanaume.
2. The Khalifah must be male. .
Khalifa lazima awe mwanaume, si mwanamke. Imepokewa na Al-Bukhari kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ aliposikia kwamba watu wa Persia wamemteua binti wa Kisra (Kisra) kuwa malkia, alisema:
The Khalifah must be a man, not a woman. It is narrated by Al-Bukhari that when the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) heard that the people of Persia had appointed the daughter of Chosroes (Kisra) as queen, he said: .
"Watu wanaomteua (wallau) mwanamke kuwa kiongozi wao hawatafanikiwa kamwe." [Bukhari, Sahih. #4425]
“People who appoint (Wallau) a woman as their leader will never succeed.” [Bukhari, Sahih. #4425] .
Kwa kuhusisha kushindwa na kuteuliwa kwa mwanamke kuwa mtawala, Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ anaonyesha kwamba jambo hilo ni haramu kwa Waislamu. Hadithi hii imetolewa kwa njia ya amri inayoonya wale wanaomteua mwanamke kusimamia mambo yao. Hili linatoa dalili (qarinah) kwamba amri hiyo ni ya lazima, ikimaanisha katazo la kumteua mwanamke kuwa mtawala.
By associating failure with the appointment of a woman as ruler, the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) indicates that it is forbidden for Muslims. This hadith is in the form of a request that admonished those who appoint a woman to run their affairs. This gives an indication (qarinah) that the request is decisive which means a prohibition on appointing a woman as a ruler. .
Hoja hii inaonyesha maana (Qarinah) inayoashiria msisitizo wa katazo. Kwa kuwa ombi hili limekuja kwa namna ya lawama dhidi ya wale wanaomteua mwanamke kusimamia mambo yao, kwa kuwanyima mafanikio, hiyo ina maana kwamba katazo la kumteua mwanamke kuwa mtawala limekuja hapa pamoja na dalili inayoonyesha katazo lisilo na shaka. Kwa hiyo, kumteua mwanamke kuwa wali amr ni haramu. Hili linajumuisha nafasi yoyote ya utawala, iwe ni cheo cha Khalifah au nafasi nyingine yoyote yenye mamlaka ya utawala iliyokabidhiwa. Hii ni kwa sababu kiini cha hadithi ni kuteuliwa kwa binti wa Chosroes kuwa malkia, na kinahusiana na suala la utawala wenyewe, lakini si mahsusi kwa binti wa Chosroes wala kwa hadhi ya malkia. Aidha, hadithi hii si ya jumla ('am) kiasi cha kufunika kila jambo linalohusiana na utawala, kwa hiyo haijumuishi nafasi ndani ya mahakama, baraza la shura, kuwahesabu watawala, wala uchaguzi wa mtawala. Badala yake, yote haya yanaruhusiwa kwa mwanamke, kama itakavyofafanuliwa katika sehemu husika.
The fact that this came in the form of a request, which came in the form of reproaching those who appoint a woman to run their affairs by denying them success, implies a meaning (Qarinah) which indicates decisiveness. Thus, the forbiddance from appointing a woman as a ruler came here linked with a connotation that indicates the decisive forbiddance. So the appointment of a woman as wali amr is prohibited (haram). This includes any post in ruling, whether it is the position of Khalifah or any other post with delegated authority in ruling. This is because the subject of the hadith is the appointment of the daughter of Chosroes as a Queen, and is related to the issue of ruling itself but not specifically to Chosroes’s daughter or the status of a Queen. The Hadith is also not general (‘am) to cover everything related to ruling so it does not include positions within the judiciary, the shura council, accounting the rulers or the election of the ruler. Rather, all of this is allowed for the woman as will be explained in the relevant sections. .
3. Khalifa lazima awe mtu mzima.
3. The Khalifah must be mature. .
Ni haramu kumteua mtoto kuwa Khalifah kabla hajabaleghe, ambalo hutambulika kimwili kwa kupita balehe.
Abu Dawud alisimulia kutoka kwa ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib aliyesema kwamba Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema: .
It is forbidden to appoint a child as Khalifah before he becomes mature, which is physically marked by passing puberty. Abu Dawud narrated from ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib who said that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .
"Dhima inaondolewa kwa watu watatu: aliyelala mpaka aamke, kijana mpaka afikie baleghe, na mwenye kichaa mpaka arudi akili yake." (Abu Dawud, Sunan, #4398).
“Accountability is lifted off three persons: The one who is asleep until he awakes, the boy (adolescent) until he reaches maturity and the deranged until he regains his mind.” (Abu Dawud, Sunan, #4398). .
Imepokewa pia kutoka kwa ‘Ali (ra) kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema:
It has also been narrated from ‘Ali (ra) that Prophet (P.B.U.H) said: .
"Kalamu imeinuliwa kutoka kwa watu watatu: mwenye wazimu katika akili yake hadi arejeshe akili yake, aliyelala hadi aamke, na kijana mdogo hadi afikie utu uzima."
“The pen has been lifted off three persons: The deranged in his mind till he restores his mind, the one who sleeps till he wakes up and the adolescent till he reaches maturity.” .
Kwa hiyo, mtu ambaye kalamu imeinuliwa juu yake hawajibiki kwa nafsi yake, wala hahesabiwi kwa matendo yake chini ya Sharia. Kwa hiyo haijuzu kwake kuwa Khalifah au kushika wadhifa wowote wa mamlaka, kwa kuwa hawajibiki kwa matendo yake mwenyewe. Dalili pia inatokana na kile alichosimulia Al-Bukhari kutoka kwa Abu Aqil Zahrah bin Ma’bad, aliyeripoti kwa mamlaka ya babu yake Abdullah bin Hisham, aliyeishi wakati wa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, kwamba mama yake Zainab bint Hamid alimpeleka kwa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akasema: “Ee Mtume wa Allah, mpokee kwake kiapo cha utiifu (bay’ah).” Hapo Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akasema: “Ni mdogo.” Kisha akampapasa kichwani na kumwombea dua.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7210].
Therefore, the person from whom the pen is raised is not responsible for himself, and he is not accountable for his actions under the Shariah. Therefore it is prohibited for him to become Khalifah or to hold any post of authority for he is not responsible for his own actions. Evidence is also derived from what Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Aqil Zahrah Ibn Ma’bad who reported on the authority of his grand-father Abdullah Ibn Hisham who lived during the time of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) , that his mother Zainab bint Hamid took him to the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) and said: “O Messenger of Allah, take a bayah from him.” Upon this the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: ‘He is young and He (P.B.U.H) wiped over his head and prayed for him.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7210]..
Kwa hiyo, ikiwa bay'ah ya mtoto mdogo si sahihi, na hawezi hata kutoa bay'ah kwa Khalifah, bila shaka hawezi kuwa Khalifah mwenyewe.
Therefore, if the Bay’ah of the little boy is not valid, and he cannot even give Bayah to a Khalifah, he clearly cannot become Khalifah himself. .
4. Khalifa lazima awe mwenye akili timamu.
4. The Khalifah must be sane. .
Ni haramu kuwa na Khalifa ambaye amekuwa mwendawazimu, kutokana na hadithi kutoka kwa Mjumbe wa Allah (S.A.W) iliyonukuliwa katika kipengele cha 3 inayoonyesha kwamba "kalamu imeinuliwa..." kutoka "...kwa mwenye kichaa akilini mwake mpaka arejeshe akili yake."
It is unlawful to have a Khalifah who has become insane due to the hadith from Allah’s Messenger (P.B.U.H) narrated in point 3 indicating that the “pen has been lifted...” from “... the deranged in his mind until he restores his mind.”.
5. Mtu ambaye kalamu imeinuliwa juu yake hawajibiki kwa matendo yake, kwa sababu akili inahitajika ili mtu awajibike kwa matendo yake. Khalifah ndiye anayetekeleza sheria na kutekeleza majukumu yote ya kisheria; kwa hiyo ni haramu kuwa na Khalifah mwenye wazimu, kwa sababu mtu mwenye wazimu hawezi hata kuwajibika kwa matendo yake mwenyewe, na kwa hoja ya kwa nguvu zaidi hawezi kuwajibika kusimamia mambo ya watu. Khalifah lazima awe mwadilifu (‘adl).
5. The person off whom the pen is raised is not accountable because the mind is required for a person to be responsible for his actions. The Khalifah enacts the rules and executes all the legal duties, it is therefore unlawful to have an insane Khalifah because an insane person cannot even be responsible for his own actions and hence by greater reasoning cannot be responsible to look after the affairs of the people. The Khalifah must be just (‘adl). .
Haifai kwa Khalifa kuwa 'Fasiq'. Uadilifu ni sharti la lazima kwa kuteuliwa kwa Khilafah na ni muhimu kwa kuendelea kwake. Hii ni kwa sababu Allah (S.B.H) ameweka sharti kwamba shahidi lazima awe mwadilifu. Yeye (S.W.T) anasema:
It would not be right for the Khalifah to be a ‘Fasiq’. Integrity is an obligatory condition for contracting the Khilafah and is important for its continuity. This is because Allah (P.B.U.H) has stipulated that the witness must be just. He (S.W.T) says: .
"Na watafuteni mashahidi wawili waadilifu miongoni mwenu" - [TMQ; 65:2].
“And seek the witness of two just men from amongst you” - [TMQ; 65:2].
Basi ikiwa shahidi lazima awe mwadilifu, Khalifa anayeshika cheo cha juu zaidi na anayetawala juu ya shahidi mwenyewe, anapaswa, kwa sababu ya nguvu zaidi, kuwa mwadilifu. Kwa maana ikiwa uadilifu uliwekwa kuwa sharti kwa shahidi, basi kuwepo kwake kwa Khalifa lazima kuwepo kwa sababu ya nguvu zaidi.
So if the witness must be just, then the Khalifah who holds a higher post and rules over the witness himself should, by greater reason, be just. For if justice was stipulated for the witness, its presence in the Khalifah must exist by greater reason..
6. Khalifa lazima awe mtu huru.
6. The Khalifah must be a free man. .
Mtumwa yeyote yuko chini ya mamlaka ya bwana wake, kwa hiyo hawezi kuendesha mambo yake mwenyewe, na hivyo hawezi kupewa mamlaka ya kuendesha mambo ya watu wengine na kuwatawala. 7. Khalifa lazima awe na uwezo wa kutekeleza jukumu la Khilafah.
Any slave is under his master’s authority and so he cannot run his own affairs and therefore he cannot be given the power to run other people’s affairs and rule over them. 7. The Khalifah must be able to carry out the task of the Khilafah. .
Mtu asiyeweza kutekeleza wajibu huo kwa sababu yoyote ile hawezi kutekeleza jukumu la kusimamia mambo ya watu kwa mujibu wa Kitabu na Sunnah ambayo juu yake alichukua kiapo cha utii (Bay'ah). Mahakama ya Mambo ya Dhulma ina mamlaka ya lazima ya kuamua kama Khalifah ana uwezo wa kutekeleza kazi yake, pamoja na aina za "kutoweza" ambazo zinaweza kuwepo.
One who is unable to perform the job for whatever reason cannot perform the duty of running the people’s affairs by the Book and the Sunnah upon which he took the pledge of allegiance (Bayah). The Court of unjust acts has mandatory powers to determine whether a Khalifah has the ability to perform his job and the types of “inability” that may exist. .