4.8 Mbinu ya Bay'ah
4.8 The method of Bay’ah
Katika yaliyotangulia tumeeleza dalili za bay'ah kama njia iliyowekwa ya kumchagua Khalifa katika Uislamu. Kuhusu utekelezaji wake wa vitendo, hufanyika kwa kupeana mkono pamoja na kwa maandishi. Imepokewa na Abdullah bin Dinar kwamba: "Nilimshuhudia Ibn ‘Umar watu walipokubaliana juu ya Abdul Malik bin Marwan, akisema: 'Naandika hapa kwamba nakubali kusikia na kutii kwa Abdullah Abdul Malik, Amiri wa waumini, kulingana na Kitabu cha Allah na Sunnah ya Mtume Wake, na kwa kadiri ya uwezo wangu.'" Bay'ah pia inaweza kutolewa kwa njia nyingine yoyote.
In the aforementioned we have explained the evidences for the bayah as the prescribed method of electing a Khaleefah in Islam. Regarding its practical implementation, it is through shaking the hand as well as by writing. It has been narrated by Abdullah ibn Dinar that: "I witnessed Ibn ‘Umar when people agreed on Abdul Malik ibn Marwan saying: "I write herewith that I agree to hear and obey Abdullah Abdul Malik, the Amir of the believers, according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and to the best of my ability."” The bayah can also be given by any other means. .
Bay'ah inapaswa kutolewa na mtu mzima pekee, kwani bay'ah ya mtoto mdogo si sahihi. Abu Aqil Zahrah Ibn Ma‘bad alisimulia kwa mamlaka ya babu yake Abdullah Ibn Hisham, ambaye aliishi wakati wa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, kwamba mama yake Zainab Ibnatu Hamid alimchukua kwenda kwa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ na kusema: "Ewe Mtume wa Allah, mchukulie bay'ah." Ndipo Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akasema: "Ni mdogo." Akapitisha mkono juu ya kichwa chake na kumwombea dua, kama ilivyosimuliwa na al-Bukhari [Sahih, #7210].
The bayah should only be given by an adult as the bayah of the minor is not valid. Abu Aqil Zahrah Ibn Ma‘bad reported on the authority of his grand- father Abdullah Ibn Hisham who lived during the time of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) that his mother Zainab Ibnatu Hamid took him to the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) and said: . “O Messenger of Allah, take a bay’ah from him.” Upon this the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: "He is young." He (P.B.U.H) wiped over his head and prayed for him, as narrated by al-Bukhari [Sahih, #7210]. .
Kuhusu maneno ya Bay'ah, hayazuiliwi na maneno maalum, lakini yanapaswa kujumuisha ahadi kwamba Khalifah atatenda kwa mujibu wa Kitabu cha Allah na Sunnah ya Mtume Wake ﷺ; na kwamba mtu anayetoa Bay'ah ajitolee kutii katika mema na mabaya, na katika wepesi na ugumu. Sheria itatangazwa ambayo itaamua maneno haya kulingana na mambo yaliyotangulia.
As for the wording of the Bayah, it is not restricted to any specific wording, but it should include the commitment that the Khalifah acts according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger; and that the person who gives the Bayah should pledge to obey in good and bad and in ease and hardship. A law will be published that will determine this wording in accordance with the previous points. .
Mara baada ya kutolewa kwa Bay'ah kwa Khalifah, Bay'ah inakuwa amana shingoni mwa aliyetoa Bay'ah, ambapo hairuhusiwi kuirudisha. Kwani ni haki yake (ya Muislamu) katika kumteua Khalifah mpaka aitoe. Lakini mara akishaitoa, hairuhusiwi kuirudisha. Hata akitaka kufanya hivyo, hairuhusiwi kuiondoa bay'ah yake. Al-Bukhari amesimulia kutoka kwa Jabir bin Abdullah (Allah awe radhi nao) kwamba mwarabu wa jangwani alitoa bay'ah kwa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ juu ya Uislamu, lakini akaugua, kwa hiyo akasema: "Niondolee bay'ah yangu", lakini Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akakataa. Kisha akaja na kusema hivyo tena, lakini Mtume ﷺ akakataa. Kwa hiyo akaondoka mjini. Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akasema: "Mji ni kama kinyunyizi cha mhunzi (au tanuru), huondoa uchafu wake, na wema wake (harufu yake) hudhihirika (huangaza)." [Bukhari, Sahih, #7209] Muslim pia amesimulia kutoka kwa Nafi' kwa mamlaka ya Abdullah bin 'Umar kwamba alimsikia Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akisema:
Once the Bayah is given to the Khalifah, then the Bayah becomes a trust on the neck of the one who gave the Bayah, where he is not allowed to withdraw it. For it is his right (of the Muslim) in terms of appointing the Khalifah till he gives it. But once he gave it, he is not allowed to withdraw it. Even if he wanted to do so, he is not permitted to withdraw his bayah. Al Bukhari narrated from Jabir ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them) that a Bedouin gave the bayah to the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) on Islam, but he became unwell, so he said: . "Relieve me of my bayah", the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) refused. Then he came and said the same, but the Messenger (P.B.U.H) rejected. So he left the town. The Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: "The town is like the mason’s bellow (or furnace), it gets rid of (cleans) its impurity, and its goodness (scent) manifests (shines)". .[Bukhari, Sahih, #7209] Muslim also narrated from Nafi’ on the authority of Abdullah ibn ‘Umar that he heard the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) say: .
"Atakayeondoa mkono wake katika utiifu, atamkuta Allah siku ya kiama bila kuwa na hoja yoyote kwa ajili yake" [Muslim, Sahih, #1851].
"Whoever withdraws a hand from obedience, he would meet Allah on the day of judgement without having proof for himself" [Muslim, Sahih, #1851]..
Kuvunja bay'ah kwa Khalifah ni kujiondoa mkono kutoka kwenye utiifu kwa Allah. Hata hivyo, hii ndiyo hali pale ambapo bay'ah yake kwa Khalifah ilikuwa ni bay'ah ya mkataba, au bay'ah ya utiifu kwa Khalifah ambayo ilikubaliwa na kuapwa na Waislamu. Lakini ikiwa alijiapiza kwa Khalifah awali, na bay'ah haikukamilika kwake (na Waislamu), basi ana haki ya kujiondoa kutoka bay'ah hiyo, kwa kuwa mkataba wa bay'ah haujakamilika kwake kutoka kwa Waislamu. Kwa hiyo katazo lililomo katika hadithi linalenga kujiondoa kwenye bay'ah kwa Khalifah, si kwa mtu ambaye mkataba wa Ukhalifah haukukamilika kwake.
Breaking the bayah to the Khalifah is a withdrawal of the hand from the obedience to Allah. However, this is the case if his bayah to the Khalifah was a bayah of contract, or a bayah of obedience to a Khalifah was accepted and pledged by the Muslims. But if he pledged himself to a Khalifah initially, and the bayah was not completed to him (by the Muslim), then he has the right to relieve himself from that bayah, in view of the fact that the contracting bayah has not been concluded to him from the Muslims. So the prohibition in the hadith is focused on withdrawing a bayah to a Khalifah, not to a man for whom the Khilafah contract was not completed. .