Davlat va xalq ishlari idoralar, bo‘limlar va boshqarmalar orqali yuritiladi. Ularning vazifasi davlat ishlarini boshqarish va xalq manfaatlarini ta’minlashdan iborat. Har bir idora (Maslaha) bosh direktor tomonidan boshqariladi, har bir bo‘lim (Da’ira) va boshqarma (Idara) esa o‘z ishlarini yuritadigan va ularning to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri javobgarligini o‘z zimmasiga oladigan direktor tomonidan boshqariladi. Bu direktorlar kasbiy jihatdan o‘z idoralari, bo‘limlari yoki boshqarmalariga mas’ul bosh direktor oldida, qoida va umumiy nizomlarga rioya qilish borasida esa Vali va amil oldida javob beradilar. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ishlarni yuritib, ularning boshqaruvi uchun kotiblar tayinlar edi. Shunday qilib, Payg‘ambar ﷺ Madinadagi xalq ishlarini hal qilar, ularning muammolarini yechar, munosabatlarini tartibga solar, ehtiyojlarini ta’minlar va ularni o‘zlariga mos ishga yo‘naltirar edi. Bularning barchasi hayotni muammo va murakkabliklardan yengillashtiradigan ma’muriy masalalardir. Ta’lim masalasida Allohning Elchisi ﷺ musulmon bo‘lmagan asirlarning fidyasini o‘n nafar musulmon bolani o‘qitish qilib belgiladi. Bu fidya o‘ljaga evaziy bo‘lib, u musulmonlarning mulkiga aylanardi. Shunday qilib, ta’limni ta’minlash musulmonlarning ishlaridan biri edi.

Running of the government's and the people’s affairs is carried out by offices, departments and administrations, whose task is to ensure the management of the State's business and the discharging of the people’s interests. Each office (Maslaha) would be headed by a general manager, and each department (Da'ira) and administration (Idara) would be headed by a director who would run its affairs and be directly responsible for it. Those directors would be answerable to the general director in charge of their offices, departments or administrations from a professional side, and answerable to the Wali and the amil with regards to abiding by the rules and general regulations.. The Messenger of Allah ({BUH) used to run and discharge the affairs and appoint secretaries for their administration. Thus, the Messenger (PBUH) used to discharge the affairs of the people in Al-Madinah, solve their problems, organise their relations, secure their needs and direct them to that which suits them. All of these matters are of the administration issues that ease their life from problems or complications:. In matters of education, The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) made the ransom of the disbelieving prisoners of war the teaching of ten Muslim children, where the ransom was in return for the spoils, which became property of the Muslims. Thus, securing education was one of the Muslims affairs..

Sog'liqni saqlashda Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ) unga sovg'a sifatida bir tabibni berishdi, lekin u uni musulmonlarga tayinladi. Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ) sovg'a olgani-yu, uni o'zi ishlatmagani va olmagani, balki uni musulmonlarga tayinlagani musulmonlarning manfaatlaridan biri sog'liqni saqlash ekanligining dalilidir. Ish bilan ta'minlash borasida Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ) bir kishiga ko'ylak sotib olishni, so'ng bolta olib o'tin yig'ib, odamlarga sotishni buyurdi, odamlardan tilanchilik qilish o'rniga; ba'zilari unga bergan bo'lsa, boshqalari rad etishi mumkin edi. Shunday qilib, ish bilan bog'liq muammolarni hal qilish ham musulmonlarning manfaatlaridan biri edi. Ahmad bir hadis rivoyat qildi va at-Termiziy uni to'g'ri deb tasdiqladi, unda aytilishicha: "Ansordan bir kishi Nabiy (ﷺ) huzuriga kelib, undan sadaqa so'radi. Rasululloh (ﷺ) dedi: 'Uyingda biror narsang yo'qmi?' U: 'Ha', dedi. Nabiy (ﷺ): 'Uni menga olib kel', dedi. U uni unga olib keldi. Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ) uni qo'liga oldi va: 'Bularni kim ikki dirhamga sotib oladi?' dedi. Bir kishi: 'Men ikki dirhamga olaman', dedi. U uni unga berdi va ikki dirhamni oldi. Ikki dirhamni ansoriyga berdi va dedi: 'Bir qismiga oila uchun oziq-ovqat sotib ol, ikkinchi qismiga bolta sotib olib, menga olib kel.' U uni unga olib keldi. Keyin u o'z qo'li bilan unga tayoq o'rnatdi va dedi: 'Bor, o'tin yig'ib sot va o'n besh kun davomida meni ko'rmasin.' U shunday qildi va o'n dirham bilan qaytib keldi." [Abu Dovud, Sunan, #1641]. Al-Buxoriy rivoyat qildiki, Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ) dedi:

In healthcare, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was given a doctor as a gift, but he assigned him to Muslims. The fact that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) received a gift and he did not use it, nor take it, rather he assigned it to the Muslims is evidence that healthcare is one of the interests of Muslims.. In regards to employment, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) directed a man to buy a robe and then an axe and collect firewood and sell to the people instead of begging from them, where somebody might give him while another would resist. Thus, solving the problems of work was also one of the Muslims' interests. Ahmad reported a hadith and Al-Tirmidhi approved it stating that:. "A man from Al-Ansar came to the Prophet (PBUH) and asked from him (sadaqah). The Messenger (PBUH) said ‘Don't you have anything in your house?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘Bring them to me.’ He brought them to him. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) took them in his hand, and said, ‘Who would buy these two?’ A man said, ‘I would take them for two dirhams.’ He gave them to him and took the two dirhams. He gave them to the Ansari and said, ‘Buy with one of them and give it to your family and buy with the other an axe and bring it to me.’ He brought it to him. Then he tied with his hand a rod to it and said, ‘Go and collect firwood and sell, and do not let me see you for fifteen days.’ He did that, and came back having ten dirhams". [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #1641]. Al-Bukhari reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:.

"Sizlardan birortangizning arqon olib, orqasiga o‘tin bog‘lamini ko‘tarib, uni sotishi va shu bilan o‘zini (gadoylikdan) saqlashi, odamlardan so‘rashidan yaxshiroqdir. Ular unga berishi ham, rad etishi ham mumkin."[Buxoriy, Sahih, #2075].

"It is better for any one of you to take a rope and bring a bundle of firewood on his back, and sell it, and thus protect with it his face (of begging) than to beg the people, who might give him or reject."[Bukhari, Sahih, #2075] .

Yo‘llar masalasida Allohning Elchisi ﷺ o‘z davrida yo‘llarni tartibga solib, nizo bo‘lgan taqdirda yo‘lni yetti qarich qilib belgilagan. Al-Bukhoriy Abu Hurayradan rivoyat qilgan: "Nabiy ﷺ nizo bo‘lgan taqdirda yo‘l yetti qarich bo‘lsin, deb hukm qilgan." [Bukhoriy, Sahih, #2473]. Muslimning rivoyatida aytiladi: "Agar yo‘l borasida nizolashsangiz, uning kengligini yetti qarich qilinglar". Bu o‘sha davrdagi ma’muriy tartibdan kelib chiqqan edi. Agar bundan kengroq yo‘l kerak bo‘lsa, Imom Shofi’iyning fikriga ko‘ra, bunga ruxsat berilgan.

In the issue of roads, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) organised the roads at his time by making the road of seven arms in case of dispute. Al- Bukhari narrated from Abu Hurairah:. "The Prophet (PBUH) decided in case there was a dispute the road would be of seven arms." [Bukhari, Sahih, #2473]. The narration by Muslim says:. "If you had dispute over the road make its width seven arms".. This was from the administrative organisation of that time, and if there is need for wider than that it is allowed according to the opinion of Shafi'i. .

Allohning Elchisi ﷺ yo‘l ustida (ko‘cha-ko‘yda) zulm qilishdan ham qaytargan. Tabaroniy "al-Jomi' as-Saғir" kitobida rivoyat qilgan:

The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has also prevented transgression against the road. Tabarani reported in [al-Jami’] Al-Saghir:.

"Kim musulmonlar yo'lidan bir qarich narsani olib tashlasa, qiyomat kuni Alloh uni yetti yer qatlami bilan o'rab oladi." Irrigatsiya masalasida Zubayr roziy Alloh anhu Ansordan bir kishi bilan o'z yerlaridan oqib o'tadigan suv oqimidan sug'orish borasida tortishib qoldi. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday dedilar: "Ey Zubayr, sug'or, so'ngra suvni qo'shnangga yuborgin." Bu hadis borasida ittifoq bor, so'zlari esa Muslimniki. Shunday qilib, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ musulmonlarning ishlarini osonlik va soddalik bilan boshqarar, ularning muammolarini murakkabliksiz hal qilar edilar. Bunda ba'zi sahobalardan yordam so'rar edilar, shu tariqa xalq ishlarini Xalifaga topshirilgan yoki u tayinlagan layoqatli boshqaruvchi qarashidagi tashkilot holiga keltirar edilar. Biz ham Xalifaning yukini yengillashtirish uchun shuni qabul qilamiz, ayniqsa xalq ishlari ko'payib, tarmoqlanib ketgan bir paytda. Shunga ko'ra, xalq ishlari uchun layoqatli boshqaruvchi qo'l ostida faoliyat yuritadigan tashkilot bo'ladi, u fuqarolarning yashashini osonlashtiradigan uslublar va vositalar bilan boshqariladi, ularga zarur xizmatlarni murakkabliksiz, aksincha, qulaylik va soddalik bilan ta'minlaydi. Bu tizim ma'muriyatlar, bo'limlar va boshqarmalardan iborat. Ma'muriyat har qanday davlat ishining umumiy boshqaruvi bo'lib, masalan, fuqarolik, transport, pul zarb qilish, ta'lim, sog'liqni saqlash, qishloq xo'jaligi, bandlik, yo'llar va boshqalar. Bu ma'muriyat o'z ishlarini va o'z nazoratidagi barcha bo'lim hamda boshqarmalarning ishlarini yuritadi. Bo'lim o'z ishlarini va o'z nazoratidagi boshqarmalarning ishlarini yuritadi. Boshqarma ham o'z ishlarini va o'z nazoratidagi barcha bo'lim hamda shu'balarning ishlarini yuritadi.

"Whoever took of the road of Muslims a handspan, Allah would encircle him from seven earths on the Day of Judgement.". In matters of irrigation, Al-Zubayr disputed with a man from Al-Ansar regarding irrigating from a stream of water flowing in their lands. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:. "O Zubayr, irrigate and then send the water to your neighbour". There is agreement over the hadith, and the words are from Muslim.. Thus, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to run the affairs of the Muslims and solve their problems easily and simply, without complication. He used to seek the help of some Sahabah in conducting that, thus making the affairs of the people an organisation entrusted to the Khalifah or he appointed over it a competent manager that took charge of it. This is what we adopt so as to reduce the burden of the Khalifah, particularly since the affairs of the people have increased and branched out. Accordingly, there would be an organisation for the people's affairs entrusted with a competent manager, and run by styles and means that facilitate the citizens living there, that provides for them the necessary services without complication and rather provides ease and simplicity.. This system consists of administrations, departments and directorates. The administration is the overall management of any government affair, such as citizenship, transportations, money coinage, education, health, agriculture, employment, roads and others. This administration would undertake the management of its own affairs and all the departments and directorates under its control. The department would run its own affairs and those of the directorates under its control. The directorate would also run its own affairs and the affairs of all the sections and divisions under its control..

Ushbu boshqarmalar, bo‘limlar va idoralarni tashkil etishdan maqsad davlat ishlarini boshqarish va xalqning manfaatlarini ta’minlashdir. Ushbu boshqarmalar, bo‘limlar va idoralar faoliyatining uzluksiz va samarali yurishini ta’minlash uchun ularga rahbarlik qilishi uchun direktorlar tayinlanishi kerak. Har bir boshqarma uchun uning bevosita rahbari bo‘lib, unga tegishli barcha bo‘limlar va idoralarni nazorat qilish uchun bosh direktor tayinlanadi. Har bir bo‘lim va har bir idora uchun esa, o‘zi rahbarlik qiladigan bo‘lim yoki idoraga bevosita mas’ul bo‘lishi hamda unga tegishli shu’balar va bo‘linmalar uchun javobgar bo‘lishi uchun menejer tayinlanadi.

The purpose of establishing these administrations, departments and directorates is to manage the State's affairs and to discharge the people's interests. In order to guarantee the smooth running of these administrations, departments and directorates, directors must be appointed to take charge of them. For each administration, a general director would be appointed to take direct charge of it and to supervise all the departments and directorates that come under it. For each department and for each directorate a manager is appointed to be directly in charge of his department or directorate and to be responsible for the sections and divisions affiliated to it.