5.11 ‘Umar 与 ‘Uthmān 的殉难
5.11 The Martyrdom Of ‘umar And ‘uthmān
艾卜·穆萨·阿什尔里说:"我当时与先知ﷺ在麦地那的一个园子里。后来有一个人来,请求打开门。先知ﷺ说:'为他开门,并向他报喜,告诉他将进入天堂。'我为他开了门,原来是艾布·伯克尔,于是我把先知ﷺ所说的喜讯告诉了他。他赞美安拉。之后又有一个人来,请求打开门。先知ﷺ说:'为他开门,并向他报喜,告诉他将进入天堂。'我为他开了门,原来是欧麦尔,于是我把先知ﷺ所说的喜讯告诉了他。
Abū Mūsā al-Ash‘arī said, “I was with the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in one of the gardens in Madinah, then a man came and requested that the door be opened. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, ‘Open it for him, and give him the glad tidings of Paradise.’ I opened for him, and it turned out to be Abū Bakr, so I gave him the glad tidings of what the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم had said. He praised Allah, and later another man came and requested that the door be opened. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, ‘Open it for him, and give him the glad tidings of Paradise.’ I opened for him, and it turned out to be ‘Umar, so I gave him the glad tidings of what the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم had said.
他赞颂安拉,之后又有一人前来,请求开门。先知ﷺ说:"为他开门,并因他将遭受的一场灾难,向他报喜,告诉他将进入乐园。"来的人是奥斯曼,于是我把安拉的使者ﷺ所说的话告诉了他。他赞颂安拉,然后说:"求安拉相助。"290 在另一段圣训中,艾奈斯·本·马立克传述:先知ﷺ与艾布·伯克尔、欧麦尔、奥斯曼一同登上乌侯德山,山在他们脚下震动。先知ﷺ用脚拍了拍山,说:"乌侯德啊,你要稳定,因为你身上只有一位先知、一位诚实者(siddīq)和两位殉道者。"291 欧麦尔和奥斯曼都在各自的哈里发任内遭刺杀而殉道。关于奥斯曼,先知ﷺ还给出了更多细节:"奥斯曼啊,至尊至大的安拉将为你披上一件衬衣。如果伪信士要求你脱下它,你在见到我之前不要脱下。"292 正是这种指控——奥斯曼不配"穿那件衬衣"(即担任哈里发)——暴民反复提出,随后包围并攻入他的住宅,将他杀害。
He praised Allah, and later another man came and requested that the door be opened. He صلى الله عليه وسلم said, ‘Open it for him, and give him the glad tidings of Paradise due to a calamity that befalls him.’ It turned out to be ‘Uthmān, so I informed him of what the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم had said. He praised Allah, and then he said, ‘Allah is sought for help.’”290 In another narration, Anas ibn Mālik reported that when the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم ascended Mount Uḥud along with Abū Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān, the mountain shook beneath them. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم tapped it with his foot and said, “Be firm, Uḥud, for upon you are none other than a Prophet, a ṣiddīq, and two martyrs.”291 Both ‘Umar and ‘Uthmān attained martyrdom by being assassinated during their respective caliphates. With ‘Uthmān in particular, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم gave further details: “O ‘Uthmān, Allah—the Mighty and Majestic—may garb you in a shirt. If the hypocrites demand that you remove it, do not remove it until you meet me.”292 It was this very accusation, that ‘Uthmān was unfit to “wear that shirt” (i.e., don the caliphate), that the mobs repeated before laying siege to and then storming his house and killing him.
290 al-Bukhārī,《古兰经学堂》《Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī》,5:13 #3693;Muslim,《Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim》,4:1867 #2403。
290 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 5:13 #3693; Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 4:1867 #2403.
291 al-Bukhārī,《Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī》,5:9 #3675。
291 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 5:9 #3675.
292 al-Tirmidhī, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 6:69 #3705.
292 al-Tirmidhī, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 6:69 #3705.