7.3 Preserved as Promised
7.3 Preserved as Promised
“诚然,是我降示了《古兰经》,我也必定守护它。”442
“Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur’an and indeed, We will be its Guardian.”442
《古兰经》的保存与未被篡改,在经中就被郑重地应许过。人们不禁要问:一部主要靠记诵、在二十三年间记录于骨片、棕榈叶和皮革碎片上的经典,怎能流传至今?人们会从先知ﷺ或其圣门弟子那里学到部分《古兰经》,然后回到各自的家乡,将其传授给家人、朋友和学生,而这些人又再传给他人。这些相互独立的口头传授,在全世界范围内持续了数个世纪。尽管如此,今天全世界十八亿穆斯林,依然以与当初传授给先知ﷺ圣门弟子、并书写于奥斯曼定本中完全相同的方式诵读《古兰经》。即便是各个相互竞争的教派(如逊尼派、什叶派、哈瓦利吉派),也都诵读同一部《古兰经》。然而,一千五百年过去了,我们在全世界这些口头传统之间,并未发现意义上的矛盾。至于某些经文已确立的不同读法,它们只会增添经文多层含义的美妙。 要接受这种一致性只是巧合,或认为全球范围内对口头版本的《古兰经》进行了串通,或认为如此大规模的阴谋在后勤上也有可能实现,都是不合理的。那不勒斯东方大学的意大利东方学家劳拉·瓦利耶里(卒于1989年)在其著作《伊斯兰教的诠释》中指出:“我们还有另一个证据,证明《古兰经》的神圣起源:自降示之日至今,经文的文本历经数百年仍保持纯正,未有改变。”444
The preservation and incorruptibility of the Qur’an were boldly promised therein. One should wonder how a book primarily committed to memory and documented on bones, palm leaves, and leather scraps over the span of twenty-three years could survive. People would learn some Qur’an from the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم or his Companions, then travel back to their homelands and teach it to their families, friends, and students, who would then relay it to others. These separate oral transmissions continued independently for centuries, across the earth. Despite that, all 1.8 billion Muslims today somehow still recite the Qur’an exactly as it was taught to the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم Companions and written in the original Uthmanic codex. Even competing denominations (i.e., Sunni, Shiite, Kharijite) recite the same Qur’an. And yet, a millennium and a half later, we do not find contradictions in meaning between all these oral traditions worldwide. As for the established variant readings of some verses, they only add to the beauty of the text’s multi-layered meanings.443 To accept that such consistency could be mere coincidence, or that global collusion on a spoken version of the Qur’an has taken place, or that a conspiracy of this magnitude was even logistically possible, is irrational. Italian Orientalist Laura Vaglieri (d. 1989) of Naples Eastern University attests in her book, An Interpretation of Islam, “We have still another proof of the divine origin of the Quran in the fact that its text has remained pure and unaltered through the centuries from the day of its delivery until today.”444