7. 无与伦比的《古兰经》
7. The Inimitable Qur’an
《古兰经》无可模仿的特性,仍然是穆罕默德ﷺ确为真主最后一位先知的最有力证明。先知ﷺ说:"每位先知都被赐予了能使众人信服他的神迹,而我所独被赐予的,是真主启示给我的启示,因此我期望在复活日,我的追随者在众先知的追随者中最多。"403
The inimitable nature of the Qur’an continues to be the most compelling proof that Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم was in fact the final prophet of God. He صلى الله عليه وسلم said, There was no prophet except that he was granted signs that caused the people to believe in him, but what I have been uniquely granted is a revelation that Allah has inspired me with, and thus I am hopeful to have the most followers among them on the Day of Resurrection.403
这并不意味着他ﷺ没有其他的迹象,正如这并不意味着先前的众先知没有启示一样。这里的含义是,《古兰经》在岁月流转中引导人们信仰方面,将具有独一无二的效力。
This does not mean that he صلى الله عليه وسلم had no other signs, just as it does not mean that the previous prophets had no revelation. Rather, the implication here is that the Qur’an would be uniquely effective in guiding people to faith over the passage of time.
这并不令人惊讶:一个永久存在、世代可以亲身体验的活生生的奇迹,胜过一次只有特定时期的有限群体所亲眼见证的奇迹事件。真正让许多人感到震惊的是,一部“仅仅是文学作品”的东西,怎么可能会具有超自然的来源。
It should not surprise us that a permanent living miracle that can be experienced firsthand by successive generations would outperform a miraculous event witnessed by a limited group at a particular moment in history. What does astound many is how any “mere work of literature” could ever qualify as otherworldly in its origins.
《古兰经》自称是真主的字面启示,并断言世上永远不会出现与之相类的作品。405 这种无可仿效性是多层面的。本章仅对其中若干层面作一概述和初步介绍,同时回应一些批评者为否认《古兰经》神圣来源而提出的“另类解释”。若想深入探讨此议题,读者可以参阅专门研究该主题的大量著作。406
The Qur’an presents itself as the literal speech of God,404 and asserts that nothing like it will ever be produced.405 This inimitability is multidimensional, and this chapter will simply provide a taste and overview of some of these dimensions, while addressing “alternative explanations” posited by some critics in their attempts to deny the divine origins of the Qur’an. For a deeper exploration of this topic, readers can avail themselves the expansive genre of books dedicated entirely to it.406
403 al-Bukhārī,《Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī》,9:92 #7274;Muslim,《Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim》,1:134 #152。
403 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 9:92 #7274; Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 1:134 #152.
404 《古兰经》9:6,Saheeh International 译本
404 The Qur’an 9:6, Saheeh International Translation.
405 《古兰经》17:88,萨希赫国际译本。
405 The Qur’an 17:88, Saheeh International Translation.
参见:Gibril F. Haddad,《比喻与不可模仿性:伊本·阿舒尔〈解放与启明〉十篇导论中的注释理论》,《古兰经研究杂志》,21.1(2019):50–111。
406 See: Gibril F. Haddad, “Tropology and Inimitability: Ibn Ashur’s Theory of Tafsir in the Ten Prolegomena to Al-Tahrir wa’l-Tanwir,” Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 21.1 (2019): 50-111.