5.26 利息(Ribā)的不可避免性
5.26 The Unavoidability Of Ribā (interest)
先知穆罕默德ﷺ也预言,利息(ribā)这种最不道德、最具剥削性的交易,将变得无可避免。艾布·胡莱赖ra传述,安拉的使者ﷺ说:“人们将会遇到一个时代,那时他们都会吞食利息。”有人问他:“所有人都会吗?”他说:“即使不吞食利息的人,也仍会被它的尘埃所波及。”323
Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم also foretold that ribā, which is one of the most unethical and exploitative transactions, would become inescapable. Abū Hurayrah reports that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “A time will come over the people when they will consume ribā.” They asked him, “All of them?” He said, “Whoever does not consume it will still be reached by its dust.”323
无论是购买房产或车辆,还是仅仅为了在当今世界建立信用,附带利息的条款已经渗透到当代金融交易的方方面面。现代银行业中利息之多,也使我们每个人都被卷入其中。例如,银行把我们活期账户中的存款贷出去以牟取更多利润,而我们获得的信用卡积分奖励,部分资金则来自其他客户所支付的利息。此外,政府长期处于赤字状态,而这些赤字又靠举债来弥补,因此我们所使用的政府服务,即便只是行驶在高速公路上,实际上也是由利息所支撑的。一个人如果回想起中世纪基督教中就已存在绝对禁止取息的规定,便会更加惊讶:先知穆罕默德ﷺ必定早已洞察到这一被认为的防护措施之外的情形,即世界上利息的极度泛滥。
Whether for purchasing a property or vehicle, or simply for developing credit in today’s world, interest-bearing clauses have permeated every dimension of contemporary financial dealings. There is also the sheer amount of interest in modern banking that entangles us all. For instance, the deposits in our checking accounts are loaned out by the bank to make it more money, and the bonuses we receive on credit card rewards are partly funded by the interest paid by other customers. Also, the government consistently runs a deficit, which is in turn paid for with debts, meaning that the government services we utilize, even just driving on a highway, are thus paid for by interest. This prophecy astounds a person further when they recall that the absolute prohibition of interest already existed in medieval Christianity, and so the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم must have seen beyond this presumed safeguard against the extreme proliferation of interest in the world.
323 伊本·罕百勒,《艾哈迈德圣训集》(Musnad Aḥmad),16:258,第10410段;艾哈迈德·沙基尔在《伊本·凯西尔经注精要》(‘Umdat al-Tafsīr ‘an Ibn Kathīr,埃及:Dār al-Wafā’,2005年)1:332中判定其为可信。
323 Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad, 16: 258 #10410; authenticated by Aḥmad Shākir in ‘Umdat al-Tafsīr ‘an Ibn Kathīr (Egypt: Dār al-Wafā’, 2005), 1:332.