1.3 Bukatar Tarihi Ta Annabta
1.3 The Historical Necessity Of Prophethood
Manzon Allah Muhammadu ﷺ ya taba cewa: "Lalle Allah ya duba mutanen duniya, ya ƙi Larabawa da waɗanda ba Larabawa ba, sai dai wasu ragowar daga cikin Ahlul Kitab." Kuma Ya ce: "Na aiko ka [ya Muhammadu] don in jarrabe ka, kuma in jarrabi [wasu] ta hanyarka. Kuma na saukar maka da wani Littafi wanda ruwa ba zai iya wankewa ba..."23
The Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم once said, Indeed, Allah looked towards the people of the world and resented the Arabs and non-Arabs alike, except for some remnants from the People of the Book. And He said, ‘I have sent you [O Muhammad] to test you and test [others] through you. And I sent down to you a Book that cannot be washed away with water…23
Masana da yawa sun yi imani cewa karni na shida ne mafi muni da za a rayu a cikinsa. Ba lokacin Bakar Mutuwa ba ne a shekarar 1346-1353, wanda ya kashe rabin Turai, ba kuma 1520 ba, lokacin da cutar sankarau ta kashe kashi 60 zuwa 90 cikin 100 na 'yan asalin Amurka, ba kuma 1918 ba, lokacin da Mura ta Sifen ta kai ga mutuwar sama da mutane miliyan 50.
Many experts believe that the sixth century was the worst in which to live. It was not 1346-1353, when the Black Death killed half of Europe, nor 1520, when smallpox killed 60-90% of the indigenous people of the Americas, nor 1918, when the Spanish Flu led to the deaths of over 50 million people.
Kamar yadda Michael McCormick na Jami'ar Harvard ya bayar da shawara, shekarar 536 ce, ba wani lokaci ba, kuma wahalar da ta haifar na iya zama mafi muni a tarihin ɗan Adam gaba ɗaya.25 Duk da cewa littattafansa da binciken nasa suna mayar da hankali ne a kan ilimin muhalli, koma-baya na ɗabi'ar duniya ya biyo baya a lokaci guda. Duk inda mutum ya juya, duhu ne ke mamaye. A dandalin wasannin Roman, taron jama'a na yin tafi yayin da zaki ke cizon wani fursuna mai ihu. A Farisa, har iyalan sarki suna aikata zina ta jini, domin zuwa ƙarshen zamanin Sasanawa, aure tsakanin 'yan uwa na kusa ya zama abin da aka saba da shi a dokar Zoroastrian.26 Daidaito a ibada ya samu ne kawai ga Sasanawa ta hanyar tsananta wa ayyukan da suka saɓa wa al'ada da ƙarfi, har ma da waɗanda suke abokan addini ɗaya a cikin tsarin Zoroastrian guda.
As Harvard University’s Michael McCormick24 posits, it was actually the year 536 and the misery it spawned which could be the worst period of all known human history.25 While his books and research focus on ecology, the moral regression of the world followed in parallel. Wherever a person turned, darkness prevailed. In Roman coliseums, crowds would cheer a lion as it mauled a screaming prisoner. In Persia, even the imperial family practiced incest, as by the late Sasanian period, next-of-kin marriages had become normative in Zoroastrian law.26 Uniformity of worship was only achieved by the Sasanians through violent persecution of unorthodox practices, even against co-religionists within a common Zoroastrian framework.
27 A Indiya, waɗanda ke kan mataki na ƙasa a tsarin kaste sun kasance daidai da, ko ma ƙasa da, beraye da kwari—tun da waɗannan dabbobi wani lokaci ana ɗaukar su tsarkaka, suna zaune a cikin haikali.
27 In India, those at the bottom of the caste system were equivalent, if not inferior to, rodents and vermin—since such animals were sometimes considered holy temple-dwellers.
A cikin Larabawa, samun zuciya mai tauri da za ta iya jure binne 'yar jaririyarsa da rai ba abu ne mai wahala ba. A cikin Kiristanci kuwa, asiri ya yi nasara game da ainihin Yesu Kristi, inda mutane da yawa suka ce shi Allah ne a cikin jiki, yayin da wasu ƙungiyoyin addini suka yi iƙirarin cewa shi wani malami ne mai ruɗi, wanda aka haife shi ba bisa aure ba.
In Arabia, finding a stony heart that could stomach burying his infant daughter alive was no challenge. In Christianity, mystery triumphed regarding the identity of Jesus Christ , many claiming he was God incarnate, while other faith groups alleged he was an imposter preacher born out of wedlock.
A gabas kuma, mutane suna bautawa wuta, ruwa, makamai, da al'aura maimakon Mahalicci. A al'ummomi da yawa, an ɗauki mace a matsayin wadda ba ta da rai, ko kuma an halicce ta ne kawai don ta yi wa namiji hidima; har ma wani lokaci hakan kan kai ga a yi caca da ita da abokansa a matsayin nishaɗi, ko a ƙone ta da rai a jana'izar mijinta. Yara da yawa ba sa rayuwa bayan haihuwa, kuma ƙalilan ne ke kai shekarun girma. Waɗanda aka haifa cikin bauta gabaɗaya ba su iya canza matsayinsu, kuma a wasu manyan wayewa na wancan zamanin, wannan ɓangaren al'umma ya wuce kashi 75 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a.28
Further East, people worshipped fire, water, weapons, and genitalia instead of the Creator. In many societies, a woman was seen as having no soul, or as having been created only to serve man, and at times that could even mean pawning her over a recreational gamble with his friends or being burned alive at his funeral. Many infants did not survive birth, and even fewer reached adulthood. Those born into slavery were generally unable to change their status, and in some major civilizations of that historical period, this sector of society exceeded 75% of the population.28
Tare da wannan yanayin da duniya take ciki, ta yaya Allah ba zai ba mutanen wannan duniyar wani haske na fata ba? Abin da ba a iya fahimta ba ne cewa Ubangiji mai cikakkiyar jinƙai, mai iko akan komai, ba zai shiga tsakani ba. Lallai, Mai Jinƙai ba Ya barin halittarSa, sai dai ya sake kai musu hannun taimako, "...
With this being the condition of the world, how could God not offer a glimpse of hope for the people of this planet? It is unfathomable that a supremely compassionate, all-capable God would not intervene. Indeed, the Most Merciful did not abandon His creation, but reached out to them yet again, “...
domin duk wanda zai halaka daga cikin kafirci ya halaka bisa hujja, kuma wanda zai rayu cikin imani ya rayu bisa hujja.29
so that those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence and those who lived [in faith] would live upon evidence.”29
Ta hanyar aika annabi na ƙarshe, Muhammadu ﷺ, Allah bai bar su ba, ko da yake wasu daga cikinsu sun zaɓi bayan bayyana gaskiya su ƙi saƙonsa, su bar kansu cikin rashin nasara.
By sending the final prophet, Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم, God did not fail them, even if some choose thereafter to fail themselves by deciding after the clarification to decline his message.
23 Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 4:2197 #2865.
23 Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 4:2197 #2865.
24 Michael McCormick shi ne Francis Goelet Farfesa a fannin Tarihin Zamanin Tsakiya, kuma shugaban Shirin Kimiyyar Tarihin Dan Adam da ya gabata a Jami'ar Harvard. Marubuci ne mai lambobin yabo, kuma majagaba wajen haɗa duniyar ilimin kayan tarihi (archaeology) da ilimin kimiyyar yanayi.
24 Michael McCormick is the Francis Goelet Professor of Medieval History, and chair of the Initiative for the Science of the Human Past at Harvard University. He is an award-winning author, and a pioneer in bridging the worlds of archeology and climate science.
25 Ann Gibbons, "Why 536 was 'The Worst Year to be Alive'," Science Journal, 15 ga Nuwamba, 2018.
25 Ann Gibbons, “Why 536 was ‘The Worst Year to be Alive’,” Science Journal, November 15th, 2018.
26 Michael Stausberg da Yuhan S.-D. Vevaina, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism (Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley, 2015), 292.
26 Michael Stausberg and Yuhan S.-D. Vevaina, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism (Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley, 2015), 292.
27 Robert C. Solomon da Kathleen M. Higgins, From Africa to Zen: An Invitation to World Philosophy (Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, 2003), 175.
27 Robert C. Solomon and Kathleen M. Higgins, From Africa to Zen: An Invitation to World Philosophy (Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, 2003), 175.
28 Niall McKeown, The Invention of Ancient Slavery? (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2011), 115.
28 Niall McKeown, The Invention of Ancient Slavery? (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2011), 115.
29 Alƙur'ani 8:42, Fassarar Saheeh International
29 The Qur’an 8:42, Saheeh International Translation.