5.1 Daular Rum Za Ta Sake Farfadowa
5.1 The Byzantines Will Rebound
Daga wani kusurwa mara rai na duniya wanda ba a shafa shi sosai ba da fafatawar iko tsakanin manyan ƙasashen duniya, Alƙur'ani ya yi annabci cikin ƙarfin hali game da abubuwan da ba a zata ba waɗanda za su faru tsakanin Farisa da Rum cikin 'yan shekaru kaɗan. "Ƙasar Rum an ci su. A ƙasar da ta fi kusa. Amma su, bayan an ci su, za su yi nasara. Cikin shekara uku zuwa tara."264
From a desolate corner of the earth that had been largely unaffected by the power struggles of the world’s superpowers, the Qur’an boldly foretold the most unexpected events that would transpire between Persia and Byzantium in a few short years. “The Byzantines have been defeated. In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome. Within three to nine years.”264
Daga 613 zuwa 619, Daular Byzantium ta sha babbar asara a hannun Daular Farisa, inda ta rasa yankunan Antakiya, sannan Damascus, sannan Armeniya, sannan Urushalima, wadda take da daraja a zuciyarta, sannan Chalcedon, kuma daga karshe Masar. A littafinsa, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon ya ce: "A lokacin da ake cewa an bayar da wannan annabci, babu wani abu da zai fi nisa da cikarsa, domin shekaru goma sha biyun farko na Heraclius sun sanar da kusantowar rushewar daular."265
From 613-619, the Byzantines were decimated by the Persian Empire, losing the territories of Antioch, then Damascus, then Armenia, then their most cherished Jerusalem, then Chalcedon, and finally Egypt. In his book, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon says, At the time when this prediction is said to have been delivered, no prophecy could be more distant from its accomplishment, since the first twelve years of Heraclius announced the approaching dissolution of the empire.265
Kowa ya ga Byzantium a matsayin wanda ke kan gadon mutuwa. Saboda haka, abokan adawar Annabi ﷺ irin su Ubayy ibn Khalaf sun yi ba'a da wannan annabci da ake ganin "ba shi yiwuwa" a cikin Alkur'ani.266 Sai dai ba da daɗewa ba, Heraclius ya jagoranci yakin Crusade na Byzantium kamar wuka da aka soka cikin zuciyar Daular Farisa, inda ya cika wannan annabci mai ban mamaki bayan shekara shida zuwa takwas da yi shi.267
Everyone saw Byzantium as on its deathbed. Hence, opponents of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم like Ubayy ibn Khalaf mocked this “preposterous” foretelling in the Qur’an.266 However, not long after, Heraclius led the Byzantine Crusade like a dagger into the heart of the Persian Empire, fulfilling the amazing prophecy six to eight years after it was made.267
Ayoyin da suke biye kai tsaye da wannan annabci sun ce, "Hukuncin al'amarin, kafin da bayan wadannan abubuwa, yana wajen Allah kadai. Kuma a wannan Rana, muminai (watau Musulmi) za su yi farin ciki da nasarar Allah."268 Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalūsī (d. 1344) ya lissafa a cikin al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ dalilai huɗu na wannan farin ciki, daga cikinsu akwai cewa annabcin mu'ujiza da ke tabbatuwa zai kara tabbatar da imanin Musulmi ga annabcinsa ﷺ. Wani dalili, wanda ya shafi wani annabci, shi ne cewa Musulmi a lokacin za su tsinci kansu suna murnar nasarar kansu: nasara mai dogon jira a kan azzaluman Makka a Yakin Badar ita ma ta faru a shekara ta 624.269 Nan take sai ya bayyana a fili dalilin da ya sa Allah ya rufe wannan babi na Alkur'ani (Sūrat al-Rūm) da cewa, "Saboda haka ka yi haƙuri. Lalle ne alkawarin Allah gaskiya ne. Kuma kada waɗanda ba su da yakini [a cikin imani] su sa ka cikin damuwa."270
The verses that immediately follow this prediction say, “The decision of the matter, before and after [these events], is only with Allah. And on that Day, the believers (i.e., Muslims) will rejoice in the victory of Allah.”268 Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalūsī (d. 1344) lists in al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ four reasons for this rejoicing, of them being that the miraculous prophecy unfolding would further validate the Muslims’ belief in his prophethood. Another reason, which involves another prophecy, is the Muslims would at that time find themselves celebrating their own victory: a long-awaited triumph against the Meccan oppressors in the Battle of Badr happened in 624 as well.269 It suddenly becomes quite clear why God seals this chapter of the Qur’an (Sūrat al-Rūm) by saying, “So be patient. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth. And let them not disquiet you who are not certain [in faith].”270
264 Al-Qur'ani 30:2-4, Fassarar Saheeh International Ta'addin ya kasance: Ta'addin ta'addin Rum ta gudu daga gare su. Wannan mazan wadanda suke a kasa, kuma su, bayan an kayar da su, za su yi nasara. Za su yi nasara a cikin 'yan shekaru. Umarni na Allah ne a da da kuma bayan; a wannan rana kuma masu bangaskiya za su yi murna. Taimakon Allah ne; Yana taimaka wa wanda Yake so. Kuma Shi ne Mai girma, Mai jin ƙai.
264 The Qur’an 30:2-4, Saheeh International Translation.
265 Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume the Fourth (London: Electric Book Co, 2001), chapter XLVI, 479.
265 Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume the Fourth (London: Electric Book Co, 2001), chapter XLVI, 479.
266 Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1998), 6:270.
266 Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1998), 6:270.
267 Touraj Daryaee, Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire (London: I.B.
267 Touraj Daryaee, Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire (London: I.B.
Tauris, 2012), 33.
Tauris, 2012), 33.
268 Al-Qur'ani 30:4-5, Fassarar Muhsin Khan
268 The Qur’an 30:4-5, Muhsin Khan Translation.
269 Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf Abū Ḥayyān, Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīt fī al-Tafsīr (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1992), 8:375.
269 Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf Abū Ḥayyān, Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīt fī al-Tafsīr (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1992), 8:375.
270 Al-Qur'ani 30:60, Fassarar Saheeh International.
270 The Qur’an 30:60, Saheeh International Translation.