Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani! Giya da caca da gumaka da kibiyoyin duba abubuwa ne masu ƙazanta daga aikin Shaiɗan. Don haka ku nisance su domin ku samu nasara.220

O believers! Intoxicants, gambling, idols, and divination arrows are all abominations from Satan’s handiwork. So shun them so you may be successful.220

Ƙin shan giya da Musulunci ya yi, cikin tsanani kuma ba tare da sassauci ba, na ɗaya daga cikin al'amuran da ya fi sauƙi a fahimci hikimar saƙon Annabi ﷺ a cikinsa. Da fari, kasancewar hakan ya saɓa wa al'adun da suka yi rinjaye a zamaninsa a tsakanin mushrikai, Yahudawa da Nasara, yana ƙaryata zaton cewa koyarwarsa tarin abubuwa ne da ya ɗauka daga muhallin da ke kewaye da shi. Amma baya ga kasancewarsa sabon abu mai juyin-juya-hali, tsarinsa ya kasance mai hikima ƙwarai. Annabi Muhammad ﷺ ya sanar da mutane cewa, "Abin da yake sa maye idan an sha shi da yawa, to, ko kaɗan daga cikinsa haramun ne."221

Islam’s straightforward, categorical rejection of alcohol consumption may be one of the easiest facets of the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم message to appreciate. On one hand, that fact that it was contrary to the prevailing norms at his time among pagans, Jews, and Christians argues against the notion that his ministry was an accumulation of teachings absorbed from his surrounding environment. But in addition to its being revolutionary and original, it was incredibly wise in its framing. The Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم informed people that “whatever will intoxicate in large amounts, then even small amounts of it are unlawful.”221

Mutane masu hankali ya kamata su lura da yadda wannan shawara ta fi ta yanzu, wato "a sha cikin hankali", wadda ke dogara ga yanke shawarar mutanen da ikonsu na yanke shawara mai kyau ya lalace.

Sensible people should notice how superior this advice is to current recommendations to “drink responsibly” which rely on the decision-making of those whose ability to make responsible decisions is impaired.

Wasu al'ummomin zamani sun amince da wannan kuskuren tunani, kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin kewaya shi ta hanyar buƙatar cewa "direban da aka zaɓa" ya guji shan giya gaba ɗaya don kai masu sha gidajensu lafiya. Don nuna rashin isarwar waɗannan matakan, ku lura cewa Harvard Alcohol Project ya sa ra'ayin "direban da aka zaɓa" ya zama al'ada tun a shekarar 1991.

Some modern societies have acknowledged this failed logic and attempted to maneuver around it by requiring that a “designated driver” abstain from drinking altogether to safely transport the drinkers to their homes. To illustrate the inadequacy of these measures, realize that the Harvard Alcohol Project normalized the “designated driver” concept by 1991

An kashe miliyoyin daloli a manyan hanyoyin sadarwa da suka hada da kungiyoyin bayar da shawara na gwamnati, Hollywood, kungiyoyin wasanni na kwararru, manyan kamfanoni, har ma da sanarwar hidimar jama'a da kamfanonin giya da barasa da kansu suka shirya. Bayan an kammala, sai aka gano cewa wannan kamfen ya mayar da hankali ne kan wani manufa ba daidai ba. Bayan shekaru talatin, har yanzu ba a cimma rage hadurran motoci da ake dangantawa da maye da barasa da kashi 50 ba. Sama da mutum 10,000 ne suka mutu a Amurka a shekarar 2016 sakamakon hadurran tuki cikin maye, wanda ya kai kashi 28 cikin 100 na dukkan mutuwar hanya.223 Tun da matsin lamba na rashin magana, wanda ke faruwa ko da ga manya, tare da wahalar gano wanda zai zauna a natse da son ransa yayin zamantakewa da wadanda ke shan barasa, wannan fatan ba shi da damar magance matsalar gaba daya. Idan muka koma ga shiryarwar Manzon Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم a kan wannan lamari, ya koyar da cewa ba ya isa a hana mutane shiga cikin zamewar "shan dan kadan" ta hanyar manufar hana shan barasa gaba daya ba.

using massive networks that spanned government advocacy groups, Hollywood, professional sports leagues, major corporations, and even had public service announcements prepared by the brewing and distilling companies themselves. When the dust cleared, it turned out that this campaign was focused on the wrong target. Three decades later, a 50% decline in motor vehicle crashes caused by alcohol-impairment has still not been achieved.222 Over 10,000 people in the United States were killed in 2016 by alcohol-impaired driving crashes, 28% of all traffic deaths.223 With nonverbal peer-pressure being a reality even for adults, along with the bother of identifying who will voluntarily remain sober while socializing with those actively drinking, this wishful thinking never had the potential to fully combat the problem. If we turn to the guidance of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on this issue, he taught that it was not enough to prohibit people from embarking on the slippery slope of “light drinking” through a zero-tolerance policy on alcohol consumption.

Ya ƙara da cewa, ﷺ, ya ce keɓe waɗanda ba sa shan giya daga ƙarfin maganadisun sa ba zai yiwu ba sai an hana su zama a teburin da ake zagaya giya a kai.224 Amma sama da duka, ﷺ, ya koyar da cewa tsarkake ruhi da ɗabi'a su ne ainihin tushen da ake gina kamewa da gyara a kansa, kuma mutum yana samun 'yanci daga wannan mummunar ɗabi'a. Matarsa, ‘Ā’ishah, ta ce: "Ayoyin farko da aka saukar da su na Alkur'ani ba kome ba ne face surori na mufaṣṣal (gajerun surori), waɗanda ke ambaton Aljanna da Wuta. Sa'annan, da zarar mutane sun karkata zuwa Musulunci, sai aka saukar da abin da aka halatta da abin da aka haramta. Idan abin farko da aka saukar shi ne 'Kada ku sha giya,' da sun ce, 'Ba za mu taɓa barin giya ba.' Kuma idan an saukar da 'Kada ku yi zina' da farko, da sun ce, 'Ba za mu taɓa barin zina ba.'"225

He صلى الله عليه وسلم added that insulating non-drinkers from its magnetic force is only possible through prohibiting them from sitting at a table where wine is circulated.224 But above all, he صلى الله عليه وسلم taught that spiritual and moral refinement were the true bedrock upon which temperance and reform are built, and a person is liberated from this vice. His wife, ‘Āishah , said, The first revelations of the Qur’an were none other than chapters from the mufaṣṣal (shorter chapters), which contain mention of Paradise and Hellfire. Then, once the people became inclined to Islam, the lawful and unlawful were revealed. If the first thing to be revealed was “Do not drink wine,” they would have said, “We will never give up wine.” And if “Do not fornicate” was revealed first, they would have said, “We will never give up fornication.”225

Haka kuma, Alcoholics Anonymous, wani shirin gyaran hali da aka sani a duniya baki ɗaya, wanda ya amfani miliyoyin mutane zuwa yanzu, yana buƙatar imani da wani iko mafi girma a matsayin ɓangare na shirinsa, saboda ingancinsa wajen taimakon mutane su warke daga jaraba.

Similarly, Alcoholics Anonymous, a world-renowned rehabilitation program with millions of beneficiaries to date, requires believing in a higher power as part of their program due to its efficacy in helping people recover from addiction.

Baya ga mutuwar hanya saboda hatsarin mota, haɗarin lafiya da ke tattare da shan barasa suna da yawa, kuma sun shafi kusan dukkan tsarin jiki da gabobin ɗan adam. Mafi tsananin misalan gubarsa sun haɗa da lalacewar kwakwalwa da gazawar hanta.226 Shan barasa a lokacin ciki wata annoba ce, saboda barasa tana da guba sosai ga tayin da ke girma. Ciwon barasa na tayi (Fetal alcohol syndrome) shi ne babban sanadin nakasar hankali da za a iya kaucewa a Amurka, tare da wasu nau'ikan alamomin asibiti iri-iri.227 Baya ga gubar barasa kai tsaye, illolin da ke biyo bayan raunin da take haifarwa suna bayyana a bayyane a alakar da aka tabbatar tsakanin shan barasa da raguwar yawan aiki a wurin aiki, tare da karuwar yaduwar HIV, hatsarori masu kisa, tashin hankali, da cin zarafi.228 Yana nuni ga tashin hankalin da abubuwa masu maye ke haifarwa, Allah ya yi gargadin ɗan adam a cikin Alkur'ani: {Shaiɗan yana so kawai ya haifar da ƙiyayya da gaba a tsakaninku ta hanyar abubuwa masu maye da caca, kuma ya kangare ku daga ambaton Allah da sallah. Shin, ba za ku hana kanku ba?}229

Aside from traffic deaths, the health risks associated with alcohol consumption are vast, involving virtually every system and organ in the human body. The most severe examples of its toxicity involve brain damage and liver failure.226 Consuming alcohol while pregnant is another epidemic, due to alcohol being so toxic to a developing fetus. Fetal alcohol syndrome remains the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability in the United States along with a variety of other clinical manifestations.227 In addition to alcohol’s direct toxicity, the detrimental consequences of the impairments it causes are found in the established correlation between alcohol consumption and reductions in workplace productivity, along with increases in HIV transmission, lethal accidents, violence, and abuse.228 Alluding to the aggressions triggered by intoxicants, Allah cautions humanity in the Qur’an, Satan only wants to stir between you animosity and hatred through intoxicants and gambling, and to avert you from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer. So will you not desist? 229

Saboda haka babu abin mamaki da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ke kiyasin cewa mutum 95,000 na mutuwa kowace shekara a Amurka kadai sakamakon yawan shan barasa.230 Mujallar The Lancet ta wallafa wani bincike kwanan nan wanda ya tantance nauyin cututtukan da ke da alaka da barasa, a kasashe 195, daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2016. A kokarin gano adadin shan barasa da zai rage illolinsa, yayin da har yanzu ana samun wasu amfaninsa kadan, sun kammala cewa "rashin shan barasa gaba daya" ita ce kadai adadin da ba shi da hadari.231 A takaice, illar da ke tattare da shan barasa ta yi girma har ba a samu wani adadin da amfaninsa ya fi cutarwarsa ba. Binciken likitanci da yawa na tabbatar da sakon da ba ya canzawa na Annabi Muhammadﷺ, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Alkur'ani: "Suna tambayarka [ya Muhammadu] game da giya da caca. Ka ce: 'A cikinsu akwai babban zunubi, kuma akwai wasu amfani ga mutane. Amma zunubinsu ya fi amfaninsu girma.'"232

It is therefore no wonder that the Centers for Disease Control estimate that 95,000 deaths occur every year in the United States alone due to excessive alcohol consumption.230 The Lancet recently published a study evaluating the burden of disease linked to alcohol, spanning 195 countries from 1990-2016. In attempting to determine the amount of alcohol consumption that would minimize its harmful effects while still reaping its minor benefits, they concluded that “zero alcohol” was the only nonthreatening amount.231 In other words, the harm associated with alcohol consumption was so great that in no amount was the benefit greater than its harm. Countless medical studies reinforce the timeless message of the Prophet Muhammad ,صلى الله عليه وسلم as outlined in the Qur’an, “They ask you [O Muhammad] about wine and gambling. Say, ‘In them is great sin, and yet some benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.’”232

Kamar yau, kafin Musulunci abokan zamanin Annabi ﷺ suna alfahari cewa shan giya yana sa mutum ya zama marar tsoro, saboda haka mutane masu jarumta a yaki da masu karimci a bayar da sadaka. Alkur'ani ya zo ne don ya karyata wannan tunani maras zurfi, ta hanyar sanya wadannan amfanoni gefe da gefe da manyan cutarwar da ba za a iya raba su da su ba, kamar tashin hankali maras amfani da barnata kudade masu muhimmanci. Sakon Muhammad ﷺ ya sanya matsayin Musulunci mai tsauri kan giya ya zama na nassi kuma mai dacewa a kowane zamani, wanda ba za a karya shi ta hanyar sauyin siyasa ko abin da ake zaton fa'ida ce ba. Watakila wannan na taka rawa wajen dalilin da yasa al'ummomin marasa rinjaye, wadanda sau da yawa giya ke cutar da su fiye da kima, suke karbar Musulunci da yawa a yau.233

Much like today, the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم contemporaries would boast before Islam of how becoming drunk rendered them fearless, and consequently people of valor in battle and generosity in philanthropy. The Qur’an came to overturn this myopic thinking, by juxtaposing these advantages with the inevitable greater harms that cannot be separated from them—such as unnecessary violence and wasting of vital finances. Muhammad’s صلى الله عليه وسلم message made Islam’s unique firm stance on alcohol scriptural and ever-relevant, not to be contravened by fluctuating politics or supposed benefits. Perhaps this plays a role in why minority communities, who are often disproportionately harmed by alcohol consumption, are converting to Islam in droves today.233