Har bir inson bu hayotda nima unga foyda keltirishini va nima zarar keltirishini bilishi kerak. Shunday bilimga ega bo'lgan inson o'z xohish-istaklarini nazorat qila oladi va bundan o'z manfaati uchun foydalanadi. Gunohlar gunohkorni bunday bilimga erishishdan to'sadi va uni o'z amallarining qurboniga aylantiradi. Kishi gunohli vaziyatga tushib qolganda, undan chiqish yo'lini butunlay ko'ra olmay qoladi. U to bir narsaga qaror qila olmay, o'zini bosib ketguncha ikkilanib turadi, chunki qalbi gunohlar bilan chirigan bo'ladi va uni qutqarishi kerak bo'lgan qarshilik kuchlari ishlamay qoladi. Gunohkor musibatga uchraganda, nima uni bu balodan qutqarishi mumkinligi haqida qalbi, tili va a'zolari uni aldaydi. Uning qalbi Allohga ~' itoat va tavozе bilan tayanishga intilmaydi; tili Rabbini zikr qilishga itoat qilmaydi, agar zikr qilishga yordam bersa ham, uning zikri qalbi bilan bog'liq bo'lmaydi. Bularning barchasi gunohlarning jonga ta'siri tufaylidir. Eng xavflisi shuki, o'lim oldidagi hal qiluvchi daqiqalarda gunohkorning tili uni aldaydi. Ba'zan u Iymon kalimasini (la ilaha illallah, Muhammadur Rasulullah degan shahodatni) aytishga qiynaladi, buni turli holatlarda ba'zi kishilar o'z ko'zi bilan ko'rgan: Jon taslim qilayotgan odamga aytildi: "La ilaha illallah de", lekin u o'zining sevimli mashg'uloti bo'lgan shaxmat yurishlarini eslay boshladi va shu holida vafot etdi. Boshqasiga aytildi: "La ilaha illallah de", lekin u qo'shiq aytishni boshladi va shu holda vafot etdi. Xuddi shuni boshqa bir o'layotgan odamga aytishganda, u javob berdi: "Sizning aytganingiz endi menga foyda bermaydi, chunki men barcha turdagi gunohlarni qilganman". Shunday qilib, u iymon kalimasini aytmasdan vafot etdi. Yana bir kishi javob berdi: "Bu hech narsani o'zgartirmaydi, chunki men umrimda bir marta ham namoz o'qiganimni eslay olmayman". Shunday qilib, u ham uni aytmasdan vafot etdi. Yana bir o'layotgan kishi dedi: "Men uni aytmoqchiman, lekin tilim buni rad etadi". Ko'pgina misollar bor, qachonki ba'zi odamlar umrining so'nggi daqiqalarida imon kalimasini aytishga qodir bo'lmagan, ammo faqat o'z hayotini bag'ishlagan ishidan ayrim so'zlarnigina takrorlay olgan. Aynan shu paytlarda (Alloh iymon keltirganlarni dunyoda ham, oxiratda ham mustahkam so'z bilan sobit qiladi. Zolim kimselarni esa Alloh adashtiradi, Alloh xohlaganini qiladi.)' Agar yuragi Allohning zikridan g'ofil bo'lib, o'z nafsi va xohishlariga ergashsa, odamning oqibati qanday muvaffaqiyatli bo'lishi mumkin? Alloh ~ O'zining Taqiqlarini e'tiborsiz qoldirib, Unga itoatsizlikda turib olgan zolimlarga murojaat qiladi: (Yoki sizlarga Qiyomat kunigacha yetadigan, hukm qilganingiz sizniki bo'ladigan ahdlaringiz bormi? Ulardan so'ranglar, ularning qaysi biri buni kafolatlay oladi!)2 Gunohlar qalbni ko'r qiladi Gunohlar qalbni ko'r qiladi yoki uning idrokini zaiflashtiradi, shu sababli qalb o'zini to'g'ri hidoyatga yetaklaydigan barcha yo'llarni yo'qotadi. Insonning kamolati ikki aylana atrofida aylanadi: haqni botildan ajratish va haq yo'lga ergashish. Odamlarning Allohning nazarida, ham bu dunyoda, ham oxiratda, maqomlarining tafovuti aynan shu masaladagi farqlariga asoslangan. Alloh ~ Payg'ambarlarini aynan shu masalalarda maqtagan, chunki U ~ shunday degan: (Bandalarimiz Ibrohim (Abraham), Ishoq (Isaak) va Yoqub (Yakob) ni eslang, ular kuch-quvvat egalari (Menga ibodat qilishda) va dinni chuqur tushunuvchilar edilar.)3 Ya'ni haqni amalga oshirishda kuch egalari va dinni yaxshi anglovchilar. Shunday qilib, Alloh ~ ularni haqni idrok etish va unga amal qilishdagi ustunliklari bilan ta'riflagan. Bu masala yuzasidan odamlar to'rt toifaga bo'linadi. Allohning payg'ambarlari yaratiqlar orasida eng yuqori toifada turadilar. Ikkinchi toifa esa mutlaqo teskarisidir: dinlari haqida bilimga ham, amalga oshirishda kuchga ham ega bo'lmaganlar. Bu toifaga odamlarning ko'pchiligi kiradi.

Everyone needs to know what benefits and what harms him/her in this life. A person with such knowledge could control his/her own desires, and uses this for his/her own benefit. Sins prevent a sinner from acqumng such knowledge, making him/her a victim of his/her own actions. When one falls into a sinful situation, one is completely blinded as to a way out of it. One remains undecided, until one is overwhelmed, because one's heart is rotten with sins, as one's faculties of resistance do not function to save one. When a sinner is afflicted by a misfortune, he/she becomes deceived, by his/her heart, tongue and limbs, as to what could save him/her from this trouble. His heart is not attracted towards relying on Allah ~' in a state of submission and humility; his tongue does not obey him, in remembering his Lord, and if it helps him remembering his Lord, his remembrance has no connection with his heart. This is all due to the effects of sins upon the soul. The matter is even more serious when a sinner's tongue deceives him/her in the crucial moments before death. Sometimes, he finds it difficult to utter the Testimony of Faith (the declaration: la ilaha ilia Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah), as has been witnessed by some people in different cases: It was said to a dying person: Say: "la ilaha ilia Allah," but instead he started mentioning the moves of a chess game - which was his favourite activity - until he died. It was said to another: Say "la ilaha ilia Allah," but he began singing, until he died. The same thing was said to another dying man, but he replied: "What you say will not benefit me now, for I have committed all types of sins." So he died without saying the declaration of faith. Another one replied: "This would make no difference, as I cannot even recall me performing a single act of Salah in my life." Thus, he also died without saying it. Another dying person replied: "I want to utter it, but my tongue refuses." There are many examples of such situations when some people, in their last dying moments, were unable to utter the declaration of faith, yet could repeat only certain words from the activity for which they devoted their lives. It is only in these moments that (Allah will keep firm those who believe, with the word that stands firm in this world and in the Hereafter. And Allah will cause to go astray those who are wrongdoers, and Allah does what He wills.)' How could one's end be successful when one's heart, which was made by Allah, remains heedless of His remembrance, and instead follows its own lusts and desires? Allah ~ addresses those wrongdoers, who disregard His Prohibitions and insist on disobeying Him: ( Or have you oaths from Us, reaching to the Day of Resurrection, that yours will be what you judge? Ask them, which of them will stand surely for that!)2 Sins blind the heart Sins either blind the heart or weaken its insight, and therefore, the heart misses all the available paths for its right guidance. Human perfection revolves around two cycles: discerning truth from falsehood, and following the path of truth . The disproportion of people's status, in Allah's Sight, both in this world and the Hereafter, is based on their differences regarding this issue. These are the issues which Allah ~ praised in His Prophets, when He ~ said: (Remember Our Servants, Ibrahim (Abraham), Ishaq (Isaac), and Ya'qub (Jacob), all owners of strength (in worshipping us) and also of religious understanding)3 i.e. owners of strength in implementing the truth, and owners of good understanding of the religion. Thus Allah ~ described them with the excellence of their perception of and acting upon the truth. People are divided into four categories, with regard to this issue. The Prophets of Allah remain in the top category, among the Creation of Allah ~- The second category is totally the opposite; those who have no insight with regards to their religion, nor strength in execution; this category contains the majority of people.

Ularning jamoasi sharmandalik va xo‘rlik orqali o‘z izdoshlarini jalb qiladi. Uchinchi toifaga haqiqatni anglaydigan va uni tushunadigan, lekin ojiz bo‘lib, o‘sha haqiqatning ta’limotlarini amalga oshira olmaydiganlar kiradi. Bu zaif mo‘minning holati; kuchli mo‘min esa Allohga ~ yanada sevimliroqdir. To‘rtinchi toifaga kuch va qat’iyatga ega, lekin dinni tushunishdan mahrum bo‘lgan, Ar-Rahmon (Alloh ~) tarafdorlari bilan Shayton (Iblis) tarafdorlarini to‘g‘ri ajratib ололмайдиган kishilar kiradi. Bu toifalarning hech biriga, birinchi toifadan boshqasiga dindagi imomat (yetakchilik) berish loyiq emas. Alloh ~ aytdi: (Ular sabr qilib, Bizning oyatlarimizga qat’iy ishonganlarida, Bizning amrimiz bilan hidoyat beruvchi peshvolar qilganimiz ulardan). 1 Alloh vaqt bilan qasam ichdi; bu dunyodagi zararkorlar va foydalanuvchilarning vaqti haqida: imonsiz va yaxshi amallarsiz kishilar zararkorlardandir. U ~ aytdi: (Asr bilan qasam. Albatta, inson zarar ichradadir, faqat iymon keltirgan va solih amallar qilgan kishilar bundan mustasno). 2 Alloh ~ yana qo‘shdi: (Bir-biringizga haqiqatni tavsiya qilinglar (ya’ni, Alloh farz qilgan barcha yaxshi amallarni bajarishni va Alloh man qilgan barcha gunoh va yomon ishlardan saqlanishni bir-biringizga buyuringlar) va bir-biringizga sabrni tavsiya qilinglar (Alloh yo‘lida duch kelinadigan azob, zarar va jarohatlarga).) Ma’lumki, gunohlar qalbning basirasini ko‘r qiladi, uni haqiqatni o‘z holicha idrok etishdan to‘sadi va uning qat’iyatini zaiflashtiradi. Uning idroki shunchalik buziladiki, u haqiqatni botil, botilni esa haqiqat deb baholaydi. Alloh ~ aytdi: (Kim Ar-Rahmon (Alloh)ning zikridan ko‘r bo‘lib yuz o‘girsa, Biz unga shaytonni hamroh qilib qo‘yamiz. Albatta, ular (shayton-lar) ularni Alloh yo‘lidan to‘sadilar, ammo ular o‘zlarini to‘g‘ri yo‘lda deb o‘ylaydilar!) Shunday odam Bizning huzurimizga kelguncha (o'z sherigi shaytonga) aytadi: "Keni edi, mening bilan sening orangda ikki sharq masofasi bo'lsa edi", — qanday yomon sherik!3

Their company attracts its followers by means of shame and di sgrace. The third category contains those with insight and an understanding of the truth, yet are weak and unable to execute the teachings of that truth. This is the case of the weak believer; while the strong believer is more beloved to Allah ~ - The fourth category contains those with power and determination, yet lacking understanding of the religion, and failing to distinguish properly between the supporters of Ar- Rahman (Allah ~ ), and the supporters of Shaytan (Satan). Of all these categories, none is suitable to be assigned the Imamah (leadership) in religion, except the first category. Allah ~ said: ( We made from among them leaders, giving guidance under Our Command, when they were patient and used to believe with certainty in Our Signs) 1 Allah has sworn by time; the time of the losers and the winners in this life ; that those without iman (faith) and good deeds are among the losers; He ~ said: (By Al-' Asr (the time). Verily, man is in loss, except those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous deeds) . Allah ~ also added: ( Recommend one another to the truth (i.e. order one another to perform all kinds of good deeds, which Allah has ordained, and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds, which Allah has forbidden), and recommend one another to patience (for the suffering, harm, and injury which one may encounter in Allah's Cause).)2 It is known that sins blind the heart's insight, preventing it from perceiving the truth as it is, and weaken its determination. Its perception becomes so corrupt that it evaluates truth as falsehood and falsehood as truth. Allah ~ said: (Whosoever turns away, blindly, from the remembrance of the Most Gracious (Allah), We appoint for him Satan to be a companion to him. And verily, they (devils) hinder them from the Path of Allah, yet they think that are guided aright! Till when he (such a one) comes to Us, he says (to his devil companion): "Would that between me and you were the distance of the two easts" - the worst type of companion indeed)3