Insoniyat tarixida Payg‘ambar Muhammad ﷺ kabi chuqur sevilgan biror kishi bo‘lganmi? Ko‘pchilik uning ikki ming yildan ortiq vaqtdan beri olgan hurmati va ergashishga arzigulik namunasini past baholaydi yoki, ehtimol, bilmaydi. Boshqalar buni anglab yetgach, shoshilib, insoniyat tarixida xuddi shunday ulkan muhabbat va sadoqatga sazovor bo‘lgan boshqa biror kishi bo‘lsa kerak, deb taxmin qiladi. Ammo chuqurroq tahlil qilinsa, bu boshqacha manzarani ochib beradi.

Has anyone in human history ever been as deeply loved as the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم? Many underestimate, or perhaps are unfamiliar with, the esteem and emulation he has garnered for a second millennium now. Others may realize it, then hastily assume that just-as-impressive shares of adoration must have been achieved by somebody else in human history. But a more critical examination tells another story.

Payg‘ambarimiz ﷺ hayotlik davrlarida sahobalari u zotni himoya qilish uchun jonlari va a’zolarini fido qilishni orzu qilar edilar. Masalan, Uhud jangida Payg‘ambar ﷺ hushlaridan ketib qolganlarida, sahobalar u zotni qutqarish uchun shoshilib, ajoyib jasorat ko‘rsatdilar.

During his life, the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم Companions longed to sacrifice life and limb to defend him. When he صلى الله عليه وسلم was struck unconscious during the Battle of Uḥud, for instance, his Companions displayed extraordinary heroism as they rushed to his rescue.

Abū Dujānah qurshovdagi o‘qlar orqasiga tegib turganida ham Payg‘ambar ﷺ ustidan qalqon bo‘lib turdi. Anas ibn an-Nadr dushman olomoni orasiga kirib bordi, shahid bo‘lgan jasadida to‘qsondan ortiq yara topildi. Abū Talḥah boshqa hech narsa topmaganida, yalang‘och ko‘kragini Payg‘ambar ﷺ ga jarohat yetmasligi uchun qalqon qildi va unga yalinib dedi: “Qarama, ey Allohning Elchisi! Zarba menga tegsin, sizga emas!” Talḥah ibn ‘Ubaydulloh Payg‘ambar ﷺ ni bir toshga ko‘tarib qo‘ydi, so‘ng hujumni qaytarish uchun qaytib bordi, yana qaytib kelib Payg‘ambar ﷺ ni yanada xavfsizroq joyga olib o‘tdi. Nusaybah bint Ka‘b qo‘rqmas ayol edi: u erkaklardan qilichlarni tortib olar, Uhudda o‘zidan ancha kuchliroq ko‘plab jangchilarga hujum qilar edi, nihoyat, o‘ng yelkasiga tushgan qilich zarbasidan yiqildi. Bu uning olgan ko‘plab jasorat izlaridan birinchisi bo‘lib, oxir-oqibat u shahid bo‘lib vafot etdi. Chang nihoyat bosilganda, ularning Payg‘ambar ﷺ ga bo‘lgan fidoyi muhabbati abadiylashtirildi. Madinaga qaytgach, Banu Dinār qabilasidan bir ayolga eri, otasi va akasi Uhudda o‘ldirilganligi aytildi. U shunday javob berdi: “Lekin Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ga nima bo‘ldi?” Ular javob berishdi: “U omon va sog‘, xuddi siz istaganingizdek.” U dedi: “Menga uni ko‘rsating, o‘z ko‘zim bilan ko‘rishim kerak.” Nihoyat u Payg‘ambar ﷺ ni ko‘rgach, dedi: “Ey Allohning Elchisi, sizni yo‘qotishdan boshqa har qanday falokat ahamiyatsizdir.” Bu bir kunlik voqealar, ularning hammasi bu yerda keltirilmagan bo‘lsa-da, Allohning oxirgi Payg‘ambari ﷺ ning yigirma uch yillik da’vati davomida uni o‘rab turgan muhabbat va mehr ruhining kichik bir ko‘zgusidir.

Abū Dujānah  welcomed volleys of arrows landing in his back as he hovered over the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. Anas ibn al-Naḍr  dove into the crowds until over ninety wounds were found on his martyred body. Abū Talḥah  shielded the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم from injury with his bare chest when he found nothing else, and pleaded with him, “Do not look, O Messenger of Allah! Let it be my neck [struck] rather than yours!” Talḥah ibn ‘Ubaydillāh  lifted the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم onto a boulder, then returned to drive back the onslaught, then returned yet again to bring the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to even safer ground. Nusaybah bint Ka‘b  was a fearless woman who snatched swords away from men and charged at many physically stronger warriors at Uḥud, until she fell to a saber-strike on her collarbone which was the first of many scars of valor she sustained before eventually dying a martyr. By the time the dust had finally cleared, their selfless displays of love for the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم were immortalized. Upon returning to the city of Madinah, a woman from the Banū Dinār tribe was told that her husband, father, and brother were all killed at Uḥud. She responded, “But what happened to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم?” They replied, “He is safe and well, just as you wish him to be.” She said, “Show him to me; I must see for myself.” When she finally saw him صلى الله عليه وسلم, she said, “Every tragedy besides losing you is insignificant, O Messenger of Allah.”126 This single day’s events, not all captured here, are but a microcosm reflecting the ethos of love and endearment that surrounded the final prophet of God صلى الله عليه وسلم for the duration of his twenty-three-year ministry.

Uhud jangidan bir necha yil o'tib, o'sha paytdagi dushman qabila bo'lgan Quraysh nomidan elchi sifatida ‘Urva ibn Mas‘ud keldi va Muhammad ﷺ bilan sulh shartnomasini muzokara qilishni istadi. Musulmonlar orasida uch kun turgach, u Makkaga qaytib, Quraysh'ga o'z kuzatuvlari haqida quyidagilarni ma'lum qildi.

A few years after Uḥud, ‘Urwah ibn Mas‘ūd came as an envoy of the then enemy tribe of Quraysh, seeking to negotiate a treaty with Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. After spending three days among the Muslims, he returned to Mecca and briefed Quraysh with these observations:

Ey Quraysh jamoati, men Kisroning shohligiga bordim, Qaysarning shohligiga bordim, Najoshiyning shohligiga ham bordim. Lekin, God haqqi, Muhammad kabi xalq orasida shunchalik hurmatga sazovor bo'lgan hukmdorni hech ko'rmaganman. U o'zini yuvsa, uning tanasidan tomayotgan suv tomchilarini ushlab qolish uchun shoshilishadi. Uning bir tolasi tushsa, uni ham olishadi. U gapirganda, ular darhol ovozlarini pasaytiradilar, va hech kim uning hurmatidan unga tik qarashga jur'at etmaydi. U sizlarga yaxshi shartlar taklif qildi, shuning uchun ularni qabul qilinglar, chunki men uni tark etishlarini ko'rmayman. Endi qaror qilinglar.127

O council of Quraysh, I have visited Chosroes in his kingdom, and Caesar in his kingdom, and the Negus in his kingdom. But by God, I have never seen a king so revered among a people like Muhammad. He does not wash himself except that they rush to catch the droplets of water [falling from his body], nor does one of his hairs fall except that they take it. Whenever he speaks, they immediately lower their voices, and none stares at him directly out of reverence for him. He has offered you good terms, so accept them, for I do not see them ever deserting him. Now make your decision.127

Hatto Payg‘ambarimiz ﷺ vafot etganlaridan o‘nlab yillar o‘tgach ham, biz sahobiy ‘Amr ibn al-‘Os (r.a.)ni o‘z o‘lim to‘shagida yotganini ko‘ramiz. U Islomdan oldingi hayotini eslab, Payg‘ambar ﷺning eng shiddatli dushmanidan ularning eng sadoqatli izdoshlaridan biriga qanday aylanganini xotirlaydi. Xotiralari orasida u shunday deydi: "Shundan so‘ng, Alloh Elchisi ﷺdan ko‘ra menga aziz hech kim bo‘lmadi va uning nazarimda ulug‘ligidan ortiq hech kim ulug‘ emas edi. Uni hurmat qilganimdan, unga tik qarashga ham jur’at etolmas edim. Shu sababli, agar uning sifatlarini tasvirlab berish so‘ralsa, buni uddalay olmayman, chunki men uni to‘liq ko‘zim bilan ko‘rib olganim yo‘q."128

Even decades after the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم death, we find a Companion like ‘Amr ibn al-‘Āṣ  laying on his own deathbed reminiscing about his life prior to Islam, recalling how he transformed from being a militant adversary of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to one of his greatest followers. Amidst his recollections, he says, Then, no one was dearer to me than the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم, and none was more exalted in my eyes than him. I could not even stare at him directly out of reverence for him, and thus if I am asked to describe his features, I would not be able to describe them, for I have never eyed him fully.128

Peygambar ﷺ dan keyin yashagan Sahobalar ham xuddi shunday ishq va intiqlik bilan yonardilar; ularning butun avlodi uning ismini eshitganda yuraklari titrab, ko‘zlari yoshga to‘lmasdan turolmasdi, oxiratda u zot bilan qayta uchrashishni orzu qilardilar. Bilol ibn Raboh ozod qilingan habashistonlik qul edi; u Peygambar ﷺ qo‘lida Islomni qabul qilgan dastlabki bir necha kishi orasida bo‘lib, xo‘jayinlariga qarshi chiqqani va Muhammad dinini qabul qilgani uchun tasavvur qilib bo‘lmas azoblarga chidagan edi.

The Companions who outlived the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم burned with similar passion and longing; an entire generation who remained incapable of hearing his name without their hearts trembling, their eyes overflowing with tears, anticipating reuniting with him in the hereafter. Bilāl ibn Rabāḥ  was a freed Ethiopian slave who was among the first handful to accept Islam at the hands of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, tolerating unthinkable torture for defying his masters and embracing the religion of Muhammad.

U shu bilan u Islom tarixidagi birinchi muazzin (namozga chaqiruvchi) bo‘lish sharafiga muyassar bo‘ldi. Bilolning qon-qoniga Muhammad ﷺ ga bo‘lgan muhabbat singib ketgan edi va Payg‘ambardan keyin tirik qolish unga shunday qayg‘u keltirdiki, uni faqat uchrashuvgina davolay olardi. To‘qqiz yildan so‘ng, Bilol Damashqdagi o‘z o‘lim to‘shagida yotganda, xotinining: “Voh, mening qayg‘um! Voh, mening Bilolim!” deganini eshitdi. Unga u javoban dedi: “Voh, mening quvonchim! Ertaga men sevganlarim bilan uchrashaman: Muhammad ﷺ va uning sahobalari bilan!”129

He would survive to become the very first mu’adhin (caller to prayer) in Muslim history. Loving Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم flowed in Bilāl’s veins and surviving him brought him sorrow that only a reunion could heal. Nine years later, as Bilāl  lay on his own deathbed in Damascus, he heard his wife say, “O my grief! O my Bilāl!” To that, he retorted, “O my joy! Tomorrow I meet my loved ones: Muhammad and his Companions!”129

Bu kundan buyon sonsiz minglab kishilar Oxirgi Payg'ambar ﷺ ga bo'lgan bu muhabbatni meros qilib oldilar va jahon tarixida haqiqat, adolat va hissa qo'shish timsoliga aylandilar. Ular orasida muqaddas haqiqatlarga chuqur tushuncha hosil qilgan, moddiy va ma'naviy mo''jizalar yaratgan hamda sevikli Payg'ambarlari ﷺ — savodsiz Payg'ambar ﷺ izidan borib, noyob cho'qqilarga ko'tarilgan peshqadamlar bor edi. Son-sanoqsiz taqvodor allomalar, puxta olimlar, adabiyot daholari, fidokor insonparvarlar, tajribali davlat arboblari va fazilatli sarkardalar Muhammad ﷺ ga ergashishni barcha ishda haqiqiy kamolotga erishish yo'li va insoniyatning chirog'i bo'lish uchun zarur deb bilganlar. Bugun ham bu sayyoraning deyarli uchdan bir qismi hayotini bir jihatdan yoki boshqa jihatdan Muhammad ﷺ ga bo'lgan ehtiromini aks ettiruvchi tarzda boshqarishda davom etmoqda. Musulmonlar, albatta, Muhammad ﷺ ga emas, faqat Allohga sig'inadilar; lekin ular uning shaxsini o'zlari uchun dunyoviy imon markazi, uning namunasini esa fazilatning namunasi, shuning uchun Allohning roziligiga yetaklovchi yo'l deb biladilar. Jorj-taun universiteti doktori Jonathan Brown yozadi: "Butun musulmon dunyosida Payg'ambar ﷺ ning nomi tilga olinganda, «Alloh uning ustiga tinchlik va barakalarini yog'dirsin» deyish odat tusiga kirgan. Natijada, jumа jamoat namozida xatib hutba paytida Payg'ambar ﷺ ning ismini tilga olsa, jamoat bir ovozdan Muhammad ﷺ uchun duo o'qiydi. Bunday vaziyatlarda Payg'ambar ﷺ shaxsi musulmonlarning ibodat paytidagi umumiy e'tibor markaziga aylanadi."

Countless thousands have since inherited this love of the Final Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم en route to becoming icons of truth, justice, and contribution in world history. Among these were vanguards who developed profound insight into sacred truths, performed tangible and intellectual wonders, and ascended to rare heights in the footsteps of their beloved, the unlettered Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. Innumerable pious sages, meticulous scholars, literary geniuses, selfless altruists, accomplished statesmen, and virtuous generals believed emulating Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم was the gateway to true excellence in all endeavors and indispensable for being a torchbearer for humanity. Even today, nearly a third of this planet continues to govern their lives—in one respect or another—in ways that reflect their veneration of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. Muslims certainly do not worship Muhammad, only God, but see his persona as their earthly pivot of faith, and his example as the paragon of virtue and thereby their conduit to God’s pleasure. Dr. Jonathan Brown of Georgetown University writes, Throughout the Muslim world, it is customary to say “May the peace and blessings of God be upon him” after mentioning the Prophet. As a result, during the Friday communal prayer any mention of the Prophet’s name by the preacher during the sermon will elicit a collective murmur of prayers for Muhammad from the congregation. In such settings, the person of the Prophet becomes the common focus of Muslims’ ritual attention.

Muhammad ﷺ ni eslash va uning sunnatini hurmat qilish — bu Allohga, Yaratgan Egamizga bo‘lgan e’tiborni yuqoriga yo‘naltiruvchi yerdagi markaz vazifasini o‘taydi.130

Remembering Muhammad and honouring his Sunnah act as the earthly focal point from which attention is directed upward to God.130

Bugungi kunda musulmonlarning o‘zlarini Yaratuvchilari bilan bog‘lagan insonga bo‘lgan ehtiromi tufayli Muhammad ﷺ ismi 2019 yilda Londonda va Buyuk Britaniyaning boshqa hududlarida eng mashhur chaqaloq ismiga aylandi, holbuki u yerda musulmonlar aholining faqat kichik bir qismini tashkil etadi.131 Ismning barcha xilma-xil yozilish shakllari qo‘shib hisoblansa, Muhammad ﷺ ismi butun dunyoda eng mashhur ism bo‘lishi mumkin.132 Avloddan-avlodga uning sodiq izdoshlari uning har bir so‘zini o‘rganishda davom etmoqda, Muhammad ﷺ dan kelib chiqqan har bir narsani qat’iy ravishda izlamoqda va namoz paytida barmoqlarining harakatlarigacha uning turmush tarzini takrorlamoqda. Tarixda necha shaxs bunday ehtirom, ya’ni amalda namoyon bo‘ladigan ehtirom sazovor bo‘lgan, va bu ehtirom o‘n besh asrdan beri davom etib kelmoqda?

Today, Muslims’ adulation of the man who connected them with their Creator has made Muhammad the most popular baby name in London and other regions of the U.K. in 2019, where Muslims to date only account for a small minority of the population.131 If one combines all the variant spellings of the name, Muhammad is likely the most popular name in the entire world.132 Generation after generation, his devout followers continue exploring his every word, rigorously pursuing everything traceable to him, and mimicking his lifestyle down to the motions of his fingers during prayer. How many figures in human history have won such adoration, an adoration that translated into actions, for fifteen centuries and counting?

David George Hogarth (vafoti 1927), ingliz olimi va arxeolog, shunday degan: "Jiddiy yoki ahamiyatsiz bo'lsin, uning kundalik xulq-atvori shunday bir qonun-qoidani joriy qildiki, bugun millionlab odamlar uni ongli ravishda taqlid qilib kuzatmoqda. Insoniyatning biror qismi tomonidan Komil Inson deb hisoblangan hech kim shu qadar mayda-chuyda darajada taqlid qilinmagan."

David George Hogarth (d. 1927), a British scholar and archeologist, said, Serious or trivial, his daily behavior has instituted a canon which millions observe this day with conscious mimicry. No one regarded by any section of the human race as Perfect Man has ever been imitated so minutely.

Xristianlik asoschisining xulq-atvori uning izdoshlarining kundalik hayotini belgilab bermagan. Bundan tashqari, hech bir din asoschisi Islom payg'ambari ﷺ kabi yakka-yu yagona yuksak mavqeda qoldirilmagan.133

The conduct of the founder of Christianity has not governed the ordinary life of his followers. Moreover, no founder of a religion has been left on so solitary an eminence as the Muslim Apostle.133

Muhammad ismining bu hodisani uning sodir bo‘lishidan oldin bashorat qilgani ajoyib. Muhammad ismi tarjimasida "ko‘p maqtalgan" degani bo‘lib, hech bir inson undan ko‘proq maqtov va e’tirof olmagan. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning imkoniyatlari, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram yoki WhatsApp'da hisobi bo‘lmasa ham, Muhammad ﷺ 18

It is fascinating that Muhammad’s name foretold this phenomenon before its occurrence. Muhammad literally means ‘the oft-praised one,’ and no human being has ever received greater praise and recognition. Even without the exposure opportunities of social media, without an account on Twitter or Facebook or Instagram or Whatsapp, Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم has amassed 1.8

…milliard izdoshlar bor. Bugungi dunyoda bu hayratga solmaydimi: u vafot etganiga 1400 yil bo‘lganiga qaramay, dunyoning biror soniyasi ham yo‘qki, unda u ulug‘lanmasin? Dunyo bo‘ylab har soniyada aytiladigan musulmon azoni (namozga chaqiruv) va undan keyin o‘qiladigan salot (namozning o‘zi)da Muhammad ﷺ uchun duo qilinadi va uning payg‘ambarligiga guvohlik beriladi; bu kecha-kunduz takrorlanadi. Odamlarning Muhammad ﷺ ga bunchalik chuqur mehr bog‘lanib qolganiga, unga biror hurmatsizlik qilinganda esa uni eng qizg‘in himoya qilishda davom etayotganiga qoyil qolmaslik mumkinmi?

billion followers in today’s world. Does it not stir amazement to consider how, 1,400 years after he passed away, there is no second that passes except that he is praised all around the world? In the Muslim adhān (call to prayer) which takes place every second around the world, followed by the ṣalāh (ritual prayer) itself, supplicating for Muhammad and testifying to his prophethood is echoed day and night. One should marvel at just how emotionally attached people remain to Muhammad, and how they continue to express the most passionate defense of him when he is slighted?

Aslida, Alloh Taolo Özi buni oldindan aytib qo'ygan: "Biz sening obro'ingni ham ulug' qildik."134 Bu oyat Makkaning ilk davrida, musulmonlar bir qancha ojiz kishilardan iborat bo'lgan va Islomning kelajagi nima bo'lishi noma'lum bo'lgan paytda nozil bo'lgan. Shu sababli, bugun Muhammad ﷺ dunyoning yuz millionlab odamlari tomonidan tilga olinib, eslanayotganini ko'rganda, bu oyatning ro'yobga chiqqani yanada ajoyib tuyuladi. Hatto Islomshunos g'arbiy olimlar ham, masalan, nemis sharqshunosi Teodor Nyoldeke, Qur'onning bu surasi ilk davrda nozil bo'lganini tan oladi. U surani 114 sura orasida o'n ikkinchi deb hisoblagan, Qur'onning Misrda qabul qilingan standart xronologiyasi esa uni o'n birinchi deb sanaydi.135

In fact, God Himself foretold this by saying, “And We have raised for you your repute.”134 This verse was revealed during the early Meccan years, at a time when the Muslims were a mere handful of weak people and it was unsure what would happen to Islam, making it even more incredible to think how the verse is fulfilled now, when Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم is mentioned and remembered by hundreds of millions of people all over the world. Even non-Muslim scholars of Islam, such as the German orientalist Theodore Noldeke, acknowledge the early date of this chapter from the Qur’an. He considered it to be the twelth of its 114 chapters, and the standard Egyptian chronology of the Qur’an lists it as the eleventh.135